Effects and significance of estradiol in men

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (23) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Tőke ◽  
Gábor Czirják ◽  
Attila Bezzegh ◽  
Barna Vásárhelyi ◽  
Károly Rácz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Androgen Deficiency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Estradiol Levels

The most important estrogen is estradiol in both men and women. In men elevated estradiol levels and associated metabolic disorders have been implicated in the development of common diseases including cardiovascular disorders, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as increased estradiol associated with decreased testosterone levels increases the risk of these diseases. In this review the authors summarize the causes and consequences of androgen deficiency and estradiol excess, and they review recent studies on potential therapeutic strategies to correct increased estradiol levels in men. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(23), 891–896.

scholarly journals The insulin resistance indices: necessity and opportunities in type 2 diabetes mellitus management

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sorokina ◽  
O. V. Zanozina ◽  
A. D. Postnikova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

The article provides a review of the literature on the possibilities of using various indices of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. The main mechanisms of insulin resistance and its role in the formation of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders are described. The main indices of insulin resistance, used in real clinical practice nowadays, are considered. Methods of their calculation are given. The effect of metformin and incretin active medications on insulin resistance is described. It was shown that the combination of these medications improves tissue sensitivity to insulin in patients with T2DM. Standard indicators for assessing glycemic control, such as fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), do not reflect the patient’s lipid metabolism. The use of insulin resistance assessment indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus allows both, exercising glycemic control, and the metabolic disorders, often associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders, monitoring. Using insulin resistance indices, it is possible to select the optimal treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes mellitus for a particular patient, to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in dynamics. Simple, generally available laboratory indicators and anthropometric data are used to calculate the indices of insulin resistance, and they are easy to measure. In this regard, the use of insulin resistance indices is possible in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals The mRNA expression levels of uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 in mononuclear cells from patients with metabolic disorders: obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona Margaryan ◽  
Agata Witkowicz ◽  
Anna Partyka ◽  
Levon Yepiskoposyan ◽  
Gayane Manukyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Ucp2 Mrna

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are metabolic disorders whose major hallmark is insulin resistance. Impaired mitochondrial activity, such as reduced ratio of energy production to respiration, has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are proton carriers, expressed in the mitochondrial inner membrane, that uncouple oxygen consumption by the respiratory chain from ATP synthesis. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine transcriptional levels of UCP1 and UCP2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with metabolic disorders: T2DM, obesity and from healthy individuals. Material/Methods: The mRNA levels of UCP1, UCP2 were determined by Real-Time PCR method using Applied Biosystems assays. Results: The UCP1 mRNA expression level was not detectable in the majority of studied samples, while very low expression was found in PBMCs from 3 obese persons. UCP2 mRNA expression level was detectable in all samples. The median mRNA expression of UCP2 was lower in all patients with metabolic disorders as compared to the controls (0.20+0.14 vs. 0.010+0.009, p=0.05). When compared separately, the differences of medians UCP2 mRNA expression level between the obese individuals and the controls as well as between the T2DM patients and the controls did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Decreased UCP2 gene expression in mononuclear cells from obese and diabetic patients might contribute to the immunological abnormalities in these metabolic disorders and suggests its role as a candidate gene in future studies of obesity and diabetes.

scholarly journals The role of type 2 Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e23410111673
Author(s):  
Kellen Mariane Athaide Rocha ◽  
Aline da Silva Goulart ◽  
Márcio Tavares Costa ◽  
Andréia Caroline Fernandes Salgueiro ◽  
Vanderlei Folmer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases

Currently, one of the most significant health problems is the increased incidence of obesity and type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2). The most recent epidemiological and clinical research studies have indicated that low physical activity, as well as many genetic and environmental factors are the main causes of these metabolic disorders. It is widely recognized that insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of DM2, disrupting not only the functioning of peripheral tissues, but also the brain. Insulin plays a critical role in the central nervous system participating in neuronal survival, neuroplasticity, memory and cognitive functions. In addition, peripheral insulin resistance results in loss of brain function, which indicates a strong relationship between metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment and the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases. There are links between these different pathologies, such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, changes in glucose metabolism as well as insulin resistance. Advances in the knowledge of these links may contribute to the development of treatments for the prevention of these pathological events. Based on the above, this study aimed to review the mechanisms associated with DM2 in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

scholarly journals Vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond the reach of glycemic control

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Yul'evna Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders

Current therapeutic strategies of type 2 diabetes mellitus are aimed at reducing the risk of acute and late vascular complications by means of normalizationof glycemia, improvement of life quality and expectancy, minimization of socio-economic losses. The adequate glycemic control should besupplemented by screening for and correction of risk factors of cardiovascular disorders; it may help to prevent or delay the development of macrovascularcomplications.

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