scholarly journals Interaction between leprosy and HIV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Sudarsa ◽  
Ratih Vibriyanti Karna ◽  
Luh Mas Rusyati

Introduction: Leprosy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections still count as major health issues worldwide. Starting with the HIV pandemic back in the eighties, leprosy was feared to re-emerge as the HIV cases arose. Co-infections between leprosy and HIV were worried to cause an increase in leprosy cases, with worse clinical manifestation, predominantly toward the lepromatous spectrum, decrease in therapy response, and prolonged therapy period. Unlike its interaction with tuberculosis, HIV infection was turned out to not increasing nor deteriorating the manifestation of leprosy infection. All clinical spectrum of leprosy was found in HIV infection patients without predomination of lepromatous type. Responses to leprosy Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) regimen were also found similar between leprosy patients with or without HIV.Conclusion: It is recommended to treat co-infective patients both with leprosy MDT and antiretroviral therapy. Manifestation of leprosy as a part of immune reconstitution syndrome need more attention and investigation.Keywords: HIV infection, leprosy, interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-511
Author(s):  
Sami Alcedo ◽  
Renee Newby ◽  
Juan José Montenegro ◽  
Paola Rondan ◽  
Jorge Arevalo ◽  
...  

The presentation of syphilis as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rare and can be associated with the varied clinical expression of unusual syphilitic manifestations. We report a case of immune reconstitution syndrome with dermatologic, ophthalmologic and neurologic compromise of secondary syphilis in a patient with HIV infection.


Author(s):  
Sashi Acharya ◽  
J J Rufus Fernando ◽  
Rousseau Gama

Endocrine complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its treatment are being increasingly recognized. We discuss the diagnosis and management of an HIV seropositive man who presented with bilateral gynaecomastia and 'hyperprolactinaemia' due to macroprolactin within six months of starting antiretroviral therapy. We suggest that the gynaecomastia may be a feature of immune reconstitution disease. Measurement of serum prolactin in the investigation of gynaecomastia should be reserved for those with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Since macroprolactin contributes to circulating prolactin in HIV-seropositive subjects, hyperprolactinaemic samples in these patients should be tested for macroprolactin.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 1400-1406
Author(s):  
Zahra Hasan ◽  
Sharaf Shah ◽  
Rumina Hasan ◽  
Shoaib Rao ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed ◽  
...  

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence in Pakistan has been increasing in high-risk groups, including people who inject drugs (PWID) and transgender hijra sex workers (TG-HSWs) nationwide. Effective control of HIV requires early diagnosis of the infection. We investigated recency of HIV infections in newly-diagnosed cases in PWID and TG-HSWs. This was an observational study with convenience sampling. Overall, 210 HIV-positive subjects comprising an equal number of PWID and TG-HSWs were included. Antibody avidity was tested using the Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity (LAg) EIA (Maxim Biomedical, Inc. Rockville, Maryland, USA). The mean age of study subjects was 29.5 years: PWID, 28.5 years and TG-HSWs, 30.4 years. Study subjects were married, 27%, or unmarried. Eighteen percent of individuals had recently-acquired HIV infections: 19% of PWID and 17% of TG-HSWs. Eighty-two percent of individuals had long-term HIV infections: 81% of PWID and 83% of TG-HSWs. This is the first study identification of recent HIV-1 infections in Pakistan. We show that most newly-diagnosed HIV patients in the high-risk groups studied had long-term infections. There is an urgent need for intervention in these groups to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection to reduce transmission in Pakistan.


2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Louw ◽  
Barry F. Jacobson ◽  
Harry Büller

Abnormalities that predispose to a hypercoagulable state with an increased incidence of venous thrombosis have been described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and are associated with an increased mortality. A recent systematic review by Klein et al concluded that further studies are essential to elucidate the link between HIV infection and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We prospectively evaluated 24 consecutive, active people presenting with an acute DVT; 13 consented to HIV testing, revealing an HIV prevalence of 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.04). In a matched healthy control group, the HIV prevalence was 4% (95% CI, 0.039-0.041). The high HIV prevalence in the DVT group that consented to testing was also significantly higher compared to that in the South African population, estimated to be 10% in 2005. Although the study numbers were low, a statistically significant increased prevalence of HIV infection was found in patients with acute DVTs.


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