Study of wave attenuation in concrete

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2344-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-M. Berthelot ◽  
Souda M. Ben ◽  
J.L. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Analytical Expression

The experimental study of wave attenuation in concrete has been achieved in the case of the propagation of plane waves in concrete rods. Different mortars and concretes have been investigated. A transmitter transducer coupled to one of the ends of the concrete rod generates the propagation of a plane wave in the rod. The receiver transducer, similar to the previous one, is coupled to the other end of the rod. The experimental results lead to an analytical expression for wave attenuation as function of the concrete composition, the propagation distance, and the wave frequency.

scholarly journals The response of a seasonal snow cover to explosive loading

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome B. Johnson ◽  
Daniel J. Solie ◽  
Stephen A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Explosive Loading ◽  
Spherical Waves ◽  
Seasonal Snow ◽  
Seasonal Snow Cover ◽  
Explosive Detonation

An explosive detonation in snow produces high intensity shock waves that are rapidly attenuated by momentum spreading as the snow is compacted. Our experimental measurements and numerical calculations indicate that the maximum shock-wave attenuation in seasonal snow (250 kgm−3) is proportional to between x−1.6 and x−3 for plane waves and x−3 for spherical waves (x is the propagation distance). Outside the region of shock-compacted snow or in air over snow, stresses are transmitted as acoustic/seismic waves. Attenuation of these waves depends on snow permeability and the effective modulus of the ice frame and is proportional to about x−0.7 for plane waves in seasonal snow and to about x−1 for spherical waves in air over seasonal snow. Increasing the scaled detonation height of an explosive up to 2mkgf−1/3 above a snow cover increases the far field (scaled distances greater than about 8m kgf−1/3 snow surface pressures. Scaled detonation heights greater than about 2mkgf−1/3 have little additional effect.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the effect of applied magnetic field on plane wave attenuation by microwave plasma plume

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 4793
Author(s):  
Yang Juan ◽  
Long Chun-Wei ◽  
Chen Mao-Lin ◽  
Xu Ying-Qiao ◽  
Tan Xiao-Qun
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Applied Magnetic Field ◽  
Plasma Plume ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Wave Attenuation

scholarly journals Experimental Archaeology Study on the Drilling Techniques of Neolithic Stone Bracelet from Purbalingga

KALPATARU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Priyatno Hadi Sulistyarto ◽  
Lilin Kumala Pratiwi ◽  
Aldhi Wahyu Pratama ◽  
Salma Fitri Kusumastuti ◽  
Indah Asikin Nurani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
River Sand ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract. The stone bracelet is a neolithic artifact crafted by drilling techniques. Traces of stone bracelet workshop activities in Central Java were found in Purbalingga, which is spread across the North Serayu Mountains between Kali Tungtunggunung and Kali Laban. This study is based on the previous research hypothesis, which states that the manufacture of stone bracelets is carried out by drilling techniques using bamboo wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). This study aims to prove this hypothesis. An experimental archaeological approach by conducting drilling experiments using several drill bits: iron drills, masonry/concrete iron drills, iron drills for natural stone, and bamboo drills. Meanwhile, the abrasive materials used are water, river sand, and quartz sand. The analysis was carried out by comparing the morphological and morphometric traces of the workings between artifacts and experimental results, based on microscopic observations with a magnification of 20x to 200x. Compared to the other drilling bits and abrasive materials, the experimental study revealed that bamboo drill bits, with quartz-sand and water as additional gritty material, showed the closest similarity.

AN AMPLITUDE STUDY ON A SEISMIC MODEL

Geophysics ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Clay ◽  
Halcyon McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Seismic Model ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Conversion Event ◽  
Reflection Theory

The measured amplitudes of two seismic events which have traveled through a two layer seismic model are compared with the amplitudes calculated from plane wave reflection and transmission theory. The relative amplitudes of the events, one a dilatational‐dilatational and the other a dilatational‐to‐shear conversion event, are found to be in agreement with calculations based on reflection theory for plane waves, after correction for [Formula: see text] divergence.

Displacement of an electromagnetic beam upon external dielectric reflection

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Wong ◽  
G. E. Reesor ◽  
L. Arthur A. Read
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electromagnetic Beam ◽  
Wave Approach ◽  
Parallel Polarization

The sideways displacement of an electromagnetic beam upon external reflection from a dielectric has been investigated. The experimental results, using 3 cm microwaves, are compared to those predicted by a theory based on a plane wave approach. The experiment has been completed for both perpendicular and parallel polarization as a function of total propagation distance at several angles of incidence around 45°.

Experimental Study on the Wave Attenuation of Porous Pipe Breakwaters

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1349-1352
Author(s):  
Ruey Syan Shih
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Wave Transmission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Porous Pipe ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Wave Transmission Coefficient

The dissipation of porous perpendicular pipe breakwaters are studied experientially in this study, the investigations on wave transmission of the porous pipe breakwaters are carried out in the laboratory with different wave conditions and various combinations of pipe diameter and length. The wave energy is mainly dissipated due to the drag and interception of the resultant motion by the pipe breakwaters, the reflectivity of such effect are thus discussed by the evaluation of partly reflected and transmitted ratio, and consequently the performance of the pipe breakwater for predicting wave transmission coefficient is investigated. Experimental results revealed that the attenuation is much effective with the decreasing of pipe diameter than increasing of the length.

Multicompartment analysis of the response of lupin hypocotyl segments to the addition and removal of indolyl-3-acetic acid

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Penny
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allosteric Activation ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Hypocotyl Segments

The typical growth rate curve of the response of lupin hypocotyl to auxin is discussed and explanations suggested for the different parts of the curve. Two alternatives are shown to be able to account for the latent period after auxin addition. One is a linear series of compartments with the transport between compartments similar to allosteric activation in enzyme kinetics and the other alternative is an unmixed compartment (transport delay). Computer simulation is used to test different models to determine whether any model quantitatively predicts the observed results. An example (and variations) of a model is given that predicts much of the experimental results. The model is tested under different conditions such as the addition of different concentrations of auxin, and different times of cycloheximide pretreatment, and on removal from different auxin concentrations. The results of the computer simulations are then compared with experimental results and the model improved to overcome discrepancies. The usefulness of computer simulation in an experimental study is discussed.

scholarly journals The response of a seasonal snow cover to explosive loading

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome B. Johnson ◽  
Daniel J. Solie ◽  
Stephen A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Explosive Loading ◽  
Spherical Waves ◽  
Seasonal Snow ◽  
Seasonal Snow Cover ◽  
Explosive Detonation

An explosive detonation in snow produces high intensity shock waves that are rapidly attenuated by momentum spreading as the snow is compacted. Our experimental measurements and numerical calculations indicate that the maximum shock-wave attenuation in seasonal snow (250 kgm−3) is proportional to betweenx−1.6andx−3for plane waves andx−3for spherical waves (xis the propagation distance). Outside the region of shock-compacted snow or in air over snow, stresses are transmitted as acoustic/seismic waves. Attenuation of these waves depends on snow permeability and the effective modulus of the ice frame and is proportional to aboutx−0.7for plane waves in seasonal snow and to aboutx−1for spherical waves in air over seasonal snow. Increasing the scaled detonation height of an explosive up to 2mkgf−1/3above a snow cover increases the far field (scaled distances greater than about 8m kgf−1/3snow surface pressures. Scaled detonation heights greater than about 2mkgf−1/3have little additional effect.

scholarly journals Against intentionalism: an experimental study on demonstrative reference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rostworowski ◽  
Katarzyna Kuś ◽  
Bartosz Maćkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Demonstratives ◽  
Descriptive Content ◽  
Demonstrative Reference

AbstractIn this paper, we present two experimental studies on reference of complex demonstratives. The results of our experiments challenge the dominant view in philosophy of language, according to which demonstrative reference is determined by the speaker's intentions. The first experiment shows that in a context where there are two candidates for the referent—one determined by the speaker’s intention, the other by some “external” factors—people prefer to identify the referent of a demonstrative with the latter object. The external factors for which this prediction has been confirmed include the speaker’s demonstration and the descriptive content of a demonstrative. The second experiment shows that while this preference can be explained in terms of the speakers’ having different sorts of referential intentions, the relevant kind of intentions are fully opaque to the subjects. At the end of our paper, we point to some alternative accounts of demonstrative reference, including a pluralistic and hybrid approach, which can accommodate our experimental results.

Experimental Study of Aggregates Size Effect on Strain, Damage and Permeability of Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Fabien ◽  
Marta Choinska ◽  
Stéphanie Bonnet ◽  
Abdelhafid Khelidj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Damage Indicator ◽  
Transfer Properties ◽  
Compressive Tests

Two approaches can be used to study the size effect: one based on the change in sample size, and the other based on the variation in the aggregates size. The main objective of this research was to study the second approach. We studied 6 various concrete mixes and each test was repeated three times. For each material, uniaxial cyclic compressive tests have been performed to investigate the behaviour of concrete in a partially damaged state. The specimens were submitted to three levels of loading corresponding to 30, 60 and 80% of the maximal compressive strength. The damage indicator chosen is the decrease of Young’s modulus and the tightness indicator is the gas permeability. Results show that the concrete composition and more particularly the aggregate size have an important influence on the mechanical and transfer properties of concretes.

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