scholarly journals Against intentionalism: an experimental study on demonstrative reference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rostworowski ◽  
Katarzyna Kuś ◽  
Bartosz Maćkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Demonstratives ◽  
Descriptive Content ◽  
Demonstrative Reference

AbstractIn this paper, we present two experimental studies on reference of complex demonstratives. The results of our experiments challenge the dominant view in philosophy of language, according to which demonstrative reference is determined by the speaker's intentions. The first experiment shows that in a context where there are two candidates for the referent—one determined by the speaker’s intention, the other by some “external” factors—people prefer to identify the referent of a demonstrative with the latter object. The external factors for which this prediction has been confirmed include the speaker’s demonstration and the descriptive content of a demonstrative. The second experiment shows that while this preference can be explained in terms of the speakers’ having different sorts of referential intentions, the relevant kind of intentions are fully opaque to the subjects. At the end of our paper, we point to some alternative accounts of demonstrative reference, including a pluralistic and hybrid approach, which can accommodate our experimental results.

Study of wave attenuation in concrete

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2344-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-M. Berthelot ◽  
Souda M. Ben ◽  
J.L. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Propagation Distance ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Analytical Expression

The experimental study of wave attenuation in concrete has been achieved in the case of the propagation of plane waves in concrete rods. Different mortars and concretes have been investigated. A transmitter transducer coupled to one of the ends of the concrete rod generates the propagation of a plane wave in the rod. The receiver transducer, similar to the previous one, is coupled to the other end of the rod. The experimental results lead to an analytical expression for wave attenuation as function of the concrete composition, the propagation distance, and the wave frequency.

Structural Response and Remaining Life of Damaged Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Dalbir Singh ◽  
C. Ganesan ◽  
A. Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Design Effectiveness ◽  
Remaining Life Assessment

Composites are being used in variety of applications ranging from defense and aircraft structures, where usage is profuse, to vehicle structures and even for repair and rehabilitation. Most of these composites are made of different laminates glued together with matrix for binding and now-a-days fibers of different types are embedded in a composite matrix. The characterizations of material properties of composites are mostly experimental with analytical modeling used to simulate the system behavior. But many times, the composites develop damage or distress in the form of cracking while they are in service and this adds a different dimension as one has to evaluate the response with the damage so that its performance during its remaining life is satisfactory. This is the objective of the present study where a hybrid approach using experimental results on damaged specimens and then analytical finite element are used to evaluate response. This will considerably help in remaining life assessment-RLA- for composites with damage so that design effectiveness with damage could be assessed. This investigation has been carried out on a typical composite with carbon fiber reinforcements, manufactured by IPCL Baroda (India) with trade name INDCARF-30. Experimental studies were conducted on undamaged and damaged specimens to simulate normal continuous loading and discontinuous loading-and-unloading states in actual systems. Based on the experimental results, material characterization inputs are taken and analytical studies were carried out using ANSYS to assess the response under linear and nonlinear material behavior to find the stiffness decay. Using stiffness decay RLA was computed and curves are given to bring the influence of type of damage and load at which damage had occurred.

Experimental Study on the Lubrication Behaviors of Seawater-Lubricated Thordon Bearings

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
You Qiang Wang ◽  
Wen Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bearing Clearance ◽  
Increasing Load

Seawater lubricated thordon bearing is one of the most appropriate bearings widely used in submerged pump for drainage. The apparatus for studying the lubrication behaviors of the seawater lubricated thordon bearings has been devised and established in the paper. The experimental studies on the tribological properties of the thordon bearings have been conducted under different load and velocity using the apparatus. Effects of load and velocity on friction coefficient of the thordon bearings have been estimated. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient decreases with increasing velocity; the friction coefficient decreases gradually at first and then decreases sharpy with increasing load; the friction coefficient increases sharply with the rising temperature. The experimental results also indicate that there is an appropriate bearing clearance for which the friction coefficient is up to minimum.

Experimental Study of Ejectors’ Effect on the Performance of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Dong Bai ◽  
Chun Sheng Weng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Pulse Detonation ◽  
Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine ◽  
Maximum Thrust

Experimental studies were performed to investigate the ejector’s effect on the performance of a pulse detonation rocket engine (PDRE). The PDRE employed in the experiments utilizes gasoline as fuel and air as oxidizer. The operating frequency of the PDRE is 10 and 20 Hz respectively. Performance is quantified by thrust measurements, and the average thrust of the PDRE is obtained by integration of the thrust measured in the experiment. The experimental results show that the PDRE can increase thrust augmentation with an ejector, a maximum thrust augmentation is measured by 18.7% at 10 Hz operating frequency. In the experiment, axial placement (X/DPDRE) of the ejector is varied downstream the PDRE tube of 0.5,1 and 2 respectively. It is found that the thrust augmentation obviously increases when the relative position at 1 and 2, and also the thrust augmentation increases at higher operating frequency. The experiment result is useful for the development of a PDRE producing higher thrust.

Experimental Study on the Tribological Properties of Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearings

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1454-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Qiang Wang ◽  
Mei Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bearing Clearance ◽  
Tribological Behaviors ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Rubber Bearings ◽  
Increasing Load

Water lubricated rubber bearing is one of the most appropriate bearings widely used in submerged pump for drainage. The apparatus for studying the tribological behaviors of the water lubricated rubber bearings has been devised and established in the paper. The experimental studies on the tribological properties of the rubber bearings have been conducted under different load and velocity using the apparatus. Effects of load and velocity on friction coefficient of the rubber bearings have been estimated. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient decreases with increasing velocity; the friction coefficient increases at first and then decreases with increasing load; the friction coefficient increases sharply with the rising temperature. The experimental results also indicate that there is an appropriate bearing clearance which the friction coefficient is minimum.

scholarly journals Experimental Archaeology Study on the Drilling Techniques of Neolithic Stone Bracelet from Purbalingga

KALPATARU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Priyatno Hadi Sulistyarto ◽  
Lilin Kumala Pratiwi ◽  
Aldhi Wahyu Pratama ◽  
Salma Fitri Kusumastuti ◽  
Indah Asikin Nurani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
River Sand ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Drill Bits ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract. The stone bracelet is a neolithic artifact crafted by drilling techniques. Traces of stone bracelet workshop activities in Central Java were found in Purbalingga, which is spread across the North Serayu Mountains between Kali Tungtunggunung and Kali Laban. This study is based on the previous research hypothesis, which states that the manufacture of stone bracelets is carried out by drilling techniques using bamboo wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea). This study aims to prove this hypothesis. An experimental archaeological approach by conducting drilling experiments using several drill bits: iron drills, masonry/concrete iron drills, iron drills for natural stone, and bamboo drills. Meanwhile, the abrasive materials used are water, river sand, and quartz sand. The analysis was carried out by comparing the morphological and morphometric traces of the workings between artifacts and experimental results, based on microscopic observations with a magnification of 20x to 200x. Compared to the other drilling bits and abrasive materials, the experimental study revealed that bamboo drill bits, with quartz-sand and water as additional gritty material, showed the closest similarity.

Experimental Study on the Nozzle of High-Pressure Fog Cooling Systems in Greenhouses

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
De Ling Zhao ◽  
Xiao Hou Shao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Pump Pressure

This paper describes a designed new nozzle and provides experimental studies on the nozzle used in high-pressure fog cooling system in Greenhouses. Fogging droplet sizes of the nozzle is measured by MPA Malvern Particle Analyzer. The diameter of droplet sizes (VMD, Dv10, Dv50, Dv90) which is 500 mm far from the nozzle is measured and analyzed when the pump pressure is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7MPa.The experimental results shows: the nozzle has fine fogging performance, and its droplet sizes (VMD) are small and less than 30 microns when operating pressure is more than 5MPa.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a virtual reality program to treat children with fear of darkness with nonexpert therapists

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateu Servera ◽  
Belén Sáez ◽  
Joan Miquel Gelabert Mir
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Reliable Change ◽  
Clinically Significant Change ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Clinically Significant

Fear of darkness is highly prevalent and stable in children and often ends up becoming a specific situational phobia. The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility of adapting and applying it through a Virtual Reality (VR) tool by nonexpert therapists. A pre-experimental study was carried out with six participants between the ages of 8 and 12 years old using pre- and posttreatment scales for assessing the fear of darkness. Statistically significant differences with large effects were found in all posttreatment measures: EMO (Roshenthal’s r = 0.64), WCDAN (r = 0.52), and Global item of current fear of darkness (r = 0.59). Using the Reliable Change Index (RCI) as a measure of clinically significant change, four participants improved satisfactorily, one acceptably, and the other did not improve. The results support the feasibility of using an adapted VR program to treat fear of darkness without being an expert therapist. However, more detailed experimental studies need to be carried out in order to analyze its efficacy.

scholarly journals Self-focused attention and safety behaviours maintain social anxiety in adolescents: An experimental study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247703
Author(s):  
Eleanor Leigh ◽  
Kenny Chiu ◽  
David M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Conversation Partner

Background Self-focused attention and safety behaviours are both associated with adolescent social anxiety. In adults, experimental studies have indicated that the processes are causally implicated in social anxiety, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested in a youth sample. Methods This experiment explored this possibility by asking high and low socially anxious adolescents (N = 57) to undertake conversations under different conditions. During one conversation they were instructed to focus on themselves and use safety behaviours, and in the other they focused externally and did not use safety behaviours. Self-report, conversation partner report and independent assessor ratings were taken. Results Self-focus and safety behaviours increased feelings and appearance of anxiety and undermined performance for all participants, but only high socially anxious participants reported habitually using self-focus and safety behaviours. Conclusions The findings provide support for the causal role of self-focus and safety behaviours in adolescent social anxiety and point to the potential clinical value of techniques reversing them to treat the disorder.

Logical Connectives

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Goro
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Logical Connective ◽  
Theoretical Linguistics ◽  
Logical Connectives ◽  
Semantic Interaction

This chapter reviews results from recent experimental studies on the acquisition of logical connectives. Developmental psychologists have long been interested in the development of logic in children, and recent research in this field has made great advancement by incorporating insights from theoretical linguistics. There are two important theoretical grounds that were crucial to such advancement. One is dissociation between pragmatic implicature and lexical semantics. The other is a model of semantic interaction between a logical connective and another logical word in the same sentence. Experimental results from recent studies that incorporated these insights strongly suggest that preschool children have sophisticated semantic knowledge of logical connectives, even though their behavior may sometimes deviate from adults’ behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document