The Determination of the Quality of a-Si:H Films for Application in Solar Cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grunow ◽  
D. Herm ◽  
R. Könenkamp ◽  
U. Küppers ◽  
M. Kunst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Dark Conductivity ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Transient Techniques ◽  
Transient Photoconductivity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Production Conditions

ABSTRACTSeveral stationary and transient techniques are used to characterize a large number of intrinsic a-Si:H films prepared in a narrow range of production conditions. Correlation between stationary photoconductivity, the activation energy of the dark conductivity and the long-time range decay of the transient photoconductivity and photoinduced absorption is observed. The applicability of a-Si:H films for solar cells in view of these properties is discussed.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

Development and research of a genetic method for the analysis and determination of the location of power grid objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-42
Author(s):  
Fedorchenko I. ◽  
◽  
Oliinyk A. ◽  
Korniienko S. ◽  
Kharchenko A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Stable Convergence ◽  
Genetic Method

The problem of combinatorial optimization is considered in relation to the choice of the location of the location of power supplies when solving the problem of the development of urban distribution networks of power supply. Two methods have been developed for placing power supplies and assigning consumers to them to solve this problem. The first developed method consists in placing power supplies of the same standard sizes, and the second - of different standard sizes. The fundamental difference between the created methods and the existing ones is that the proposed methods take into account all the material of the problem and have specialized methods for coding possible solutions, modified operators of crossing and selection. The proposed methods effectively solve the problem of low inheritance, topological unfeasibility of the found solutions, as a result of which the execution time is significantly reduced and the accuracy of calculations is increased. In the developed methods, the lack of taking into account the restrictions on the placement of new power supplies is realized, which made it possible to solve the problem of applying the methods for a narrow range of problems. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by placing power supplies of the same standard sizes and known methods was carried out, and it was found that the developed method works faster than the known methods. It is shown that the proposed approach ensures stable convergence of the search process by an acceptable number of steps without artificial limitation of the search space and the use of additional expert information on the feasibility of possible solutions. The results obtained allow us to propose effective methods to improve the quality of decisions made on the choice of the location of power supply facilities in the design of urban electrical.

scholarly journals EXPERT RESEARCH ON QUALITY DETERMINATION OF ENTRANCE METAL DOORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
N. A. Matsak ◽  
S. A. Kirilenko ◽  
O. O. Posashkov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
And Storage

The article outlines the mandatory quality requirements for manufactured and installed metal entrance shockproof doors, which should ensure the safety of life, health and property of citizens. The main technical features of these designs and their characteristics are presented. The problem of quality control is considered, since quality is a guarantee of reliability and a guarantee that doors will serve for a long time and reliably. The installation of high-quality "armored" doors will not only protect housing from unauthorized penetration, but also help to isolate the premise from the external environment; therefore in the problem of selecting entrance metal doors, an important place is occupied by the issue of heat and sound insulation. While choosing a good metal door, every detail should be taken into account. The quality of the goods and safety of the premise directly depend on all design components. The article raises such a topical issue as the establishment of quality works on manufacture, storage, transportation and mounting of entrance metal shockproof doors while performing forensic construction and technical examination. The technical characteristics of building materials that can be used in this case are presented. The authors also pointed out that it is very important to resolve disputes on this type of researches, so this is the availability of technical documentation. All data about the product should be included in this documentation up to the information on transportation and storage, since this information will much facilitate the work of experts in the future. After all, the establishment of the quality of this type of products is a fairly complex and time-consuming process. While determining the quality, all details are important, starting from the quality of the used building materials, the works on manufacturing of the door blocks, their storage and transportation conditions, and finishing the placing (mounting).

scholarly journals К 125-летию со дня рождения лауреата Нобелевской премии академика Николая Николаевича Семенова Архитектура мезы и эффективность InGaP/Ga(In)As/Ge солнечных элементов

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
В.С. Калиновский ◽  
Е.В. Контрош ◽  
Е.А. Гребенщикова ◽  
В.М. Андреев
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Diffusion Region ◽  
Mesa Structure ◽  
Photoresist Mask ◽  
Multijunction Solar Cells ◽  
Mechanical Separation

It has been shown that the mesa architecture and achieved quality of the mesa sidewall of concentrator multijunction solar cells ensured increasing their efficiency up to 36.7% at the sunlight concentration before 100 (AMO; 0.136W/cm²). Creation of the mesa structure architecture with following separation of epitaxial plates of monolithic InGaP/GaAs/Ge nanoheterostructure into chips was carried out by single step chemical wet etching in the HBr:H2O2:H2O (8:1:100) through a photoresist mask to the depth of 12-18µm. Conditions of single step etching, which ensure formation of a smooth and even side surface of the InGaP/Ga(In)As/Ge nanoheterostructure mesa containing different in composition and thickness layers have been determined. Determination of the activation energy has shown that etching occurs in the diffusion region of the heterogeneous process. In raising etchant temperature from 2 to 36˚C, a change of the tilt angle in the Ge substrate region from 4.5 to 25 angular degrees is observed, what allows optimizing the amount of concentrator solar cells and their quality at final mechanical separation of the epitaxial plate into chips.

scholarly journals KLASIFIKASI LEVEL KEMATANGAN BUAH TOMAT BERDASARKAN FITUR WARNA MENGGUNAKAN MULTI-SVM

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suastika Yulia Riska ◽  
Puji Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Adaptive Histogram Equalization ◽  
A Value ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Long Time

Grouping of tomato maturity level is one way to pay attention to the quality of the tomatoes. The traditional way takes a long time and low accuracy, since the determination of the level of subjectively assessed. In addition, the importance of the classification of the level of maturity of tomatoes due to a period of tomato maturation process is relatively quick, so it can reduce the risk of rotting tomatoes. The dataset used in this study was 108 tomato image taken using three types of smartphones. The dataset is divided into 66 training data and testing the data 42. Improvements to the image preprocessing stage is done with adaptive histogram equalization and compared with the histogram equalization. In the feature extraction using color features of the R, G, and A *. The classification of the level of maturity of tomato is done by comparing the accuracy of using multi-SVM and KNN. In the Multi-SVM method using the highest percentage of kernel functions RBG is equal to 77.84%. While the method kNN highest percentage was 77.79% using a value of k = 3.

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

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