Experimental Analysis of the Adhesion of Copper and Chromium Films Deposited on a Polymer

1992 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ignat ◽  
L. Fayette ◽  
P. Normandon ◽  
F. Templier ◽  
J. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Polymer Substrate ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Interfacial Damage ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
Chromium Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractAn analysis of bulk and interfacial damage of film/substrate systems consisting of copper or chromium films deposited on a single polymer substrate, is presented here. For these systems (metal/single polymer substrate) the failure analysis is based on the experimental results obtained from deformation experiments performed in a scanning electron microscope. Critical parameters deduced from the experiments, and microstructural observations allow us to discuss the mechanical behaviour of these systems, and their interfacial adhesion properties.

scholarly journals Features of formation of colonial settlements of marine benthic diatoms on the surface of synthetic polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Ph. V. Sapozhnikov ◽  
A. I. Salimon ◽  
A. M. Korsunsky ◽  
O. Yu. Kalinina ◽  
F. S. Senatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Substrate ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Surface Colonization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Communities ◽  
Scanning Electron

The topic of interactions between plastic and natural communities is now more relevant than ever before. Gradual accumulation of artificial polymer products and their fragments in the natural environment has reached a level at which it is already impossible to ignore the affect of these materials on living organisms. First and foremost, microorganism colonies inhabiting different biotopes, both aquatic and terrestrial, have been affected. These species are at the front-end of interaction with plastic, including those present in marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, in order to understand these processes, it is necessary to take into account several aspects of such interactions: the impact of different types of plastic on microbial community through the release of their decomposed products into the environment, the forms of plastic usage by microorganisms themselves, including mechanisms for surface colonization, as well as possible biodegradation processes of polymers due to the actions of microorganisms. At the same time, types of plastic may differ not only in mechanical strength, but also in their resistance to biodegradation caused by microorganisms. Experiments with surface colonization of types of plastic, which are different in composition and mechanical strength, provide a wide range of results that are not just relevant for understanding modern natural processes involving plastic: these results are also important for application in certain areas of technology development (for example, when creating composite materials). In particular, researches into the forms and mechanisms of sustainable colonization of particularly strong polymers by diatoms from natural communities are of great interest. Due to the fouling of surface of particularly strong synthetic polymers by diatoms, it is possible to form a single diatom-polymeric composite with general properties being already substantially different from those of the polymer itself. For example, when a polymer is fouled with diatoms that are firmly held on its surface due to physiological mechanisms that ensure their reliable fixation, total surface area of the composite increases by 2–3 orders of magnitude compared with this of bare polymer. Such composites and their properties are formed due to mechanisms of substrate colonization used by diatoms from natural marine cenoses – during the transfer of these mechanisms to a new material being prospective for diatom settlement. The practical applications of these composites lie in the sphere of heat and sound insulation, as well as in the field of creating prosthetic tissues for bone operations. In our experiments, we tracked the sequence of development of a stable composite when diatoms colonized the surface of samples of a particularly strong synthetic polymer being resistant to corrosion. In this case, the sample population process took place on the basis of colonies formed in accumulative cultures from the natural marine environment. Samples of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a smooth and porous surface structure (with an open cell, bulk porosity up to 80 %) were colonized by diatoms Karayevia amoena (Hust.) Bukht., 2006, Halamphora coffeaeformis (C. Agardh) Levkov, 2009, and Halamphora cymbifera (W. Greg.) Levkov, 2009. These laboratory experiments lasted for three weeks. Accumulative microphyte cultures, on the basis of which the experiments were conducted, were obtained from the Baltic Sea (Baltiysk area, Russia) and the Arabian Sea (Mumbai area, India). The types and stages of development of colonial settlements on various elements of the frontal surface microrelief and in the underlying caverns were studied using a scanning electron microscope on samples subjected to stepwise thermal drying. Individual cells of K. amoena, H. coffeaeformis, and H. cymbifera, their chain-like aggregates, and outstretched colonial settlements occupied varying in degree non-homogeneous microrelief surface elements, forming structures with a thickness of 1–2 layers with an average settlement height of 1–1.3 single specimen height. K. amoena cells were tightly fixed to the polymer substrate using the pore apparatus of the flap of the frustule. Observations using scanning electron microscope revealed shell imprints on the substrate, which were signs of a polymer substrate introduction into hypotheca areoles. The spread mechanisms of diatoms of three mentioned species on various elements of UHMWPE surface were explored, as well as the formation of the characteristic elements of colonial settlements, including for K. amoena – consecutively in the form of “pots” and spheres, by means of interaction with polymer surface and its extension with the increase in the number of tightly attached cells in the colonial settlement.

Curing, Tensile and Morphological Properties of Treated Bentonite Filled EPDM Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Mathialagan Muniyadi ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of in-situ addition of Bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphide (TESPT) on the curing, tensile and morphological properties of bentonite filled ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) composite were investigated. EPDM/Bt compounds, with and without TESPT were prepared using laboratory scale two-roll mill, containing various Bt loading. In the presence of TESPT, the curing time (t90) and scorch time (tS2) of EPDM/Bt composites were decreased whereas, the maximum (MH) and minimum (ML) torques were increased. Tensile properties of EPDM/TESPT/Bt composites were also improved as compared to EPDM/Bt composites. Morphological observation through scanning electron microscope (SEM) proves the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between EPDM and Bt in the presence of TESPT.

Compatibility of Polyethersulfone/Polycarbonate Blends

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1601-1605
Author(s):  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Xiao Ran Zhang ◽  
Yan Mei Ma ◽  
Cheng You Ma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimeter ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

polycarbonate (PC), polyethersulfone (PES) and a multi-block random copolymer of PES and PC were blended. It was found that the interfacial adhesion was enhanced, the size of the dispersed phase was reduced and PES and PC formed an interlocking structure with the copolymer, which suggest the addition of the compatibizer may improved the miscibility between PES and PC, and result in the improvement of the mechanical properties of the blends. The compatibility behavior of PES with PC was examined using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and SAXS.

Influence of Tin-Chloride Pretreatment on Mirror Coating Adhesion

2005 ◽  
Vol 473-474 ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nagy ◽  
Norbert Hegman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Tin Chloride ◽  
Scratch Track ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our research focused on the adhesion properties of mirror coating on silica float glass due to applying different quantity of tin-chloride sensitizing agent. Investigation was carried out to detect the distribution and quantity of tin containing clusters deposited on the glass surface working as crystallization centre. The adhesion properties of coatings were tested by scratch test where critical peeling forces were evaluated. The morphology of the formed scratch track was measured with scanning electron microscope. The surface topography was scanned by AFM technique.

scholarly journals Adaptability of different canal sealers to the root canal dentin - scanning electron microscopy analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Sonja Apostolska ◽  
Elizabeta Gjorgievska ◽  
Vasilka Rendzova ◽  
Marina Eftimoska ◽  
Rade Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Scanning Electron

Introduction. The aim of this in vitro study was to test and analyze the sealing ability of three endodontic materials used for permanent obturation, in between the dentin walls and the gutta-percha points, using a scanning electron microscope. Material and Methods. Forty-five recently extracted single-root teeth, treated by a step-back technique, were divided into three groups (15 teeth in each); the canals were filled with three different permanent obturation materi?als: N2 - zinc oxide root canal cement, Gutta Flow (Coltene), and Endomethasone N (Septodont). Their sealing ability and adhesive properties were analyzed using field emission gun scanning electron microscope, at the time when they were applied between the dentin walls of the canal and the gutta-percha. Results. The results of the scanning electron microscope analysis have shown that all the three sealers have good adhesion properties when used over the root canal walls in the apical third. Good adaptation of the filling used for the root canal walls in the middle and the cervical third was found only in teeth obturated using Gutta Flow, while samples obturated by N2 - zinc oxide root canal cement and Endomethasone showed the weak?est adhesion, and greatest number of cracks between the sealer and the canal wall. Conclusion. When using a single-cone obturation technique, compared to other obturation materials, Gutta Flow shows considerably better adaptation to the root canal wall and the gutta-percha points in the apical, middle, and the cervical third of the root.

The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Depositional Fabric ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

The Broad Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
C. T. Nightingale ◽  
S. E. Summers ◽  
T. P. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ease of operation of the scanning electron microscope has insured its wide application in medicine and industry. The micrographs are pictorial representations of surface topography obtained directly from the specimen. The need to replicate is eliminated. The great depth of field and the high resolving power provide far more information than light microscopy.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

Resolution of a Transmitted Electron Image Formed by A Scanning Electron Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
S. Takashima ◽  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
S. Kimoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron

The resolution of a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) deteriorates as the specimen thickness increases, because chromatic aberration of the objective lens is caused by the energy loss of electrons). In the case of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), chromatic aberration does not exist as the restrictive factor for the resolution of the transmitted electron image, for the SEM has no imageforming lens. It is not sure, however, that the equal resolution to the probe diameter can be obtained in the case of a thick specimen. To study the relation between the specimen thickness and the resolution of the trans-mitted electron image obtained by the SEM, the following experiment was carried out.

Characterization of Sputtered Films using the Scanning Electron Microscope

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
R. F. Schneidmiller ◽  
W. F. Thrower ◽  
C. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Sputtered Films ◽  
Plasma Sputtering ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Scanning Electron

Solid state materials in the form of thin films have found increasing structural and electronic applications. Among the multitude of thin film deposition techniques, the radio frequency induced plasma sputtering has gained considerable utilization in recent years through advances in equipment design and process improvement, as well as the discovery of the versatility of the process to control film properties. In our laboratory we have used the scanning electron microscope extensively in the direct and indirect characterization of sputtered films for correlation with their physical and electrical properties.Scanning electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the examination of surfaces of solids and for the failure analysis of structural components and microelectronic devices.

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