The Nagra/Pnc Grimsel test site Radionuclide Migration Experiment: Rigorous Field Testing of Transport Models

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Umeki ◽  
K. Hatanaka ◽  
W.R. Alexander ◽  
I.G. Mckinley ◽  
U. Frick
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Radionuclide Migration ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Geochemical Behaviour ◽  
Migration Experiment ◽  
Rigorous Model

AbstractThe long-term programme of in-situ radionuclide migration experiments in the underground test site at Grimsel (GTS) involves the development and testing of radionuclide transport models with their associated databases. The field experiments are carried out in a water-bearing shear zone in crystalline rock utilising a suite of tracers of differing geochemical behaviour. A rigorous model testing procedure has been developed for the GTS radionuclide migration experiment. This paper describes application of this testing procedure to a solute transport code developed by PNC.

scholarly journals Improving the design of piles driven in chalk through the ALPACA research project

2019 ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard James Jardine ◽  
Róisín Marie Buckley ◽  
Byron Walter Byrne ◽  
Stavroula Kontoe ◽  
Ross Alexander McAdam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Driven Piles ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Set Up

Chalk is present under large areas of NW Europe as a low-density, porous, weak carbonate rock. Large numbers of offshore wind turbines, bridges and port facilities rely on piles driven in chalk. Current European practice assumes ultimate shaft resistances that appear low in comparison with the Chalk’s unconfined compression strength and CPT cone resistance ranges and can impact very significantly on project economics. Little guidance is available on pile driveability, set-up or lateral resistance in chalk, or on how piles driven in chalk can sustain axial or lateral cyclic loading. This paper describes the ALPACA (Axial-Lateral Pile Analysis for Chalk Applying multi-scale field and laboratory testing) project funded by EPSRC and Industry that is developing new design guidance through comprehensive field testing at a well-characterised low-to-medium density test site, supported by analysis of other tests. Field experiments on 36 driven piles, sixteen of which employ high resolution fibre-optic strain gauges, is supported by advanced laboratory and in situ testing, as well as theoretical analysis. The field work commenced in October 2017 and was largely complete in May 2019.

The Radlonuclide Migration Experiment at the Grimsel Rock Laboratory, Switzerland

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian G. McKinley ◽  
W. Russell Alexander ◽  
Claudine Bajo ◽  
Urs Frick ◽  
Jörg Hadermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Radionuclide Migration ◽  
Support Programme ◽  
Rock Laboratory ◽  
First Results ◽  
Migration Experiment ◽  
Site Characterisation

AbstractThis paper describes the programme for an in-situ radionuclide migration experiment in fractured crystalline rock and presents the first results of site characterisation work. This study is particularly notable for its extensive hydrologic/geochemical support programme and the use of radiotracers identified as important in safety assessment studies.

Nuclide Migration Field Experiments in Tuff, G Tunnel, Nevada Test Site

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Erdal ◽  
R. S. Rundberg ◽  
W. R. Daniels ◽  
K. Wolfsberg ◽  
A. M. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Single Fracture ◽  
Radionuclide Migration ◽  
Porous Rock

ABSTRACTA project to begin to address the phenomena of flow and element migration in fractured porous rock has recently been started by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and Argonne National Laboratory. The work has three objectives: 1) to develop the experimental, instrumental, and safety techniques necessary to conduct controlled, small-scale, radionuclide migration, field experiments; 2) to use these techniques to define radionuclide migration through rock by performing generic, at-depth experiments under closely controlled conditions in a single fracture in porous rock; and 3) to determine whether available lithologic, geochemical, and hydraulic properties together with existing or developed transport models are sufficient and appropriate to describe real field conditions (i.e., to scale from small-scale laboratory studies to bench-size studies to field studies). The detailed scope of this project and its current status are described.

Colloid Properties in Granitic Groundwater Systems, with Emphasis on the Impact on Safety Assessment of a Radioactive Waste Repository

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Degueldre
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Crystalline Rock ◽  
Radionuclide Migration ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
Irreversible Sorption ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTSince colloids are present in all groundwaters, they are studied because of their potential role in the migration of relevant radionuclides in the geosphere. Colloid sampling and characterization campaigns have been carried out in the Grimsel area, Switzerland (Transitgas tunnel, Grimsel Test Site) and in the North Switzerland/Black Forest area (Menzenschwand, Bad Sickingen, Zurzach, Leuggem). On the basis of results obtained for 25 groundwaters a consistent picture is emerging. Colloids in granitic systems are basically composed of components of the aquifer materials (clay, silica). Under the hydrogeochemical conditions existing at depth in crystalline rock systems, colloid concentrations are not expected to exceed 100 ppb. However, under transient conditions when physical and/or chemical changes are occuring (e.g., hydrothermal activity), colloid generation may be enhanced. Colloid concentration of 10 ppm may be observed when the calcium concentration is low enough (<5 ppm).Whereas reversible sorption on the host rock leads to conservative predictions for radionuclide migration rates, the reverse is true for sorption onto colloids. The most conservative assumptions are therefore reversible nuclide sorption and colloid attachment on the rock and irreversible sorption on colloids.For calcium concentrations larger than 5 ppm, and sorption capacities at the nM level, their presence in granitic aquifer can be neglected in safety analyses when reversible sorption onto colloids is considered. This situation could change when sorption is followed by aggregation or incrustation processes. This study shows that for the colloid conservative size distributions found and for the granitic water conducting fissures considered, sorption-agglomeration reactions are unlikely to take place. Therefore, irreversible sorption by this mecanism is improbable.

scholarly journals Photogrammetric avalanche volume measurements at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juauien Vallet ◽  
Urs Gruber ◽  
François Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Deposition Zone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Snow Distribution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

AbstractDuring winter 1999 three large avalanche events were triggered by explosives at SLF’s avalanche test site, Vallée de la Sionne, canton Valais, Switzerland. One important goal of these large-scale field experiments was to measure the release and deposition volumes of avalanches by photogrammetric methods. In this paper, the photogrammetric measurements of all three avalanches are summarized. For one avalanche event it was possible to realize the whole measuring procedure as planned, and to obtain volume measurements before and after the avalanche triggering In the other two avalanche events, the photographs before the triggering of the avalanche failed. Nevertheless the photographs taken after the avalanche provide valuable information on the fracture depth at the fracture line. The mean fracture depth of the largest avalanche was about 2.10 m, varying between 1 and 3.5 m over a width of > 1000 m. The total volume of the deposition of all three avalanche events was about 1300 000 m3. The deposits are distributed over a length of > 1000 m with depths up to 30 m. The difference between the released and deposited volumes proved that avalanches entrain a large amount of snow along the avalanche track. Furthermore, the snow distribution in the deposition zone provides important information about the behaviour of a dense flowing avalanche in the runout zone.

scholarly journals Hydrology and Radionuclide Migration at the Nevada Test Site

1991 ◽  
Vol 52-53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Buddemeier ◽  
R. C. Finkel ◽  
Κ. V. Marsh ◽  
M. R. Ruggieri ◽  
J. H. Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Radionuclide Migration

The Dutch Version of the Nottingham Health Profile: Investigations of Psychometric Aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph A. M. Erdman ◽  
Jan Passchier ◽  
Marleen Kooijman ◽  
Dick L. Stronks
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Nottingham Health Profile ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
Medical Group Practice

Data on the adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Dutch version of the Nottingham Health Profile are discussed. The linguistic adaptation of the English version into Dutch is described, followed by the field-testing procedure and the analyses of data from 276 selected subjects from an average general medical group practice in a village nearby Rotterdam. The internal consistency, Cronbach alphas, of the subscales varied from .70 to .85. Test-retest measures for 51 patients with cardiac problems gave Spearman correlations from .69 to .92, while the interscale relationships yielded six relatively independent areas of discomfort and stress. By means of logistic regression analysis on differences between old versus young, male versus female, and healthy versus ill individuals, discriminant validity was satisfactory. Findings suggest that the psychometric aspects of the Dutch version, also seen from a cross-cultural point of view, are sufficient. Nevertheless, further research on reliability and validity of the Dutch version is required to establish its usefulness with different patient groups.

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