Saxs Characterization of Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks

ABSTRACTThe surface fractal dimension (Ds) of pyrolytic carbon blacks (CBp) was determined using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The CBp were produced by vacuum pyrolysis of used tires at different temperatures and pressures. For the CBp a dependence of the pyrolysis conditions on the fractal dimension was observed. The fractal dimension decreases, suggesting a smother surface, with increasing pyrolysis pressure and to a lesser intent with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Earlier SIMS and ESCA investigations have indicated that an evident correlation exists between the surface morphology and the surface chemistry of the CBp. According to these investigations, the smoothing of the CBp surface is due to the formation of carbonaceous deposits from adsorbed hydrocarbons on the CBp.

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Fractal Analysis of Commercial and Pyrolytic Carbon Blacks Using Nitrogen Adsorption Data

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538746 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 330-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

H. Darmstadt ◽

C. Roy ◽

S. Kaliaguine ◽

B. Sahouli ◽

S. Blacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fractal Dimension ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Pyrolytic Carbon ◽

Sorption Data ◽

Carbon Blacks ◽

Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Commercial Carbon ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption Data

Abstract The surface fractal dimension of commercial rubber-grade carbon blacks and of pyrolytic carbon blacks (CBp) was determined using nitrogen sorption data. The CBp were produced by vacuum pyrolysis of used tires at different temperatures and pressures. Commercial carbon blacks and CBp obtained at low pyrolysis pressures have a similar fractal dimension of the surface (Ds) or roughness. CBp produced at higher pyrolysis pressures have a smaller fractal dimension than commercial grades, suggesting a smoother surface. Complementary SIMS and ESCA investigations showed that the decreasing fractal dimension with increasing pyrolysis pressure is due to the formation of carbonaceous deposits on the CBp from the pyrolyzed organic material.

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Small angle X-ray scattering study of porosity variation in a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19811675 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1675-1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Josef Baldrian ◽

Božena N. Kolarz ◽

Henrik Galina

Keyword(s):

Small Angle ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Two Phase ◽

X Ray ◽

Porosity Variation ◽

Swelling Agent ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Styrene Divinylbenzene ◽

Ray Scattering

Porosity variations induced by swelling agent exchange were studied in a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. Standard methods were used in the characterization of copolymer porosity in the dry state and the results were compared with related structural parameters derived from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements as developed for the characterization of two-phase systems. The SAXS method was also used for porosity determination in swollen samples. The differences in the porosity of dry samples were found to be an effect of the drying process, while in the swollen state the sample swells and deswells isotropically.

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First characterization of chemical environments using energy dispersive inelastic x-ray scattering induced by an x-ray tube

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/5.0026061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 013102

Author(s):

Roberto Daniel Pérez ◽

Juan José Leani ◽

José Ignacio Robledo ◽

Héctor Jorge Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Energy Dispersive ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Nanostructural Characterization of Oleyl Acid Phosphate in Poly-α-olefin Using Small-angle X-ray Scattering

Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1246/cl.200204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 823-825

Author(s):

Yojiro Oba ◽

Ryuhei Motokawa ◽

Masahiro Hino ◽

Nozomu Adachi ◽

Yoshikazu Todaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Angle ◽

Acid Phosphate ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Characterization of Carbonaceous Deposits on an End-of-Life Engines for Effective Cleaning for Remanufacturing

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 950

Author(s):

Xing Wang ◽

Jianfeng Li ◽

Xiujie Jia ◽

Mingliang Ma ◽

Yuan Ren

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

Hybrid Structure ◽

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study ◽

Carbonaceous Deposit ◽

X Ray ◽

Cleaning Method ◽

Carbonaceous Deposits ◽

Strong Adhesion

Remanufacturing is one of the most effective strategies to achieve sustainable manufacturing and restore the performance of end-of-life products. However, the lack of an effective cleaning method to clean carbonaceous deposits severely hampers the remanufacturing of end-of-life engines. To explore an appropriate cleaning method, it is necessary to first study the characterization of the carbonaceous deposits. A broad range of analyses including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance study, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to conduct an in-depth characterization of the carbonaceous deposits. The results showed that a hybrid structure composed of organics and inorganics is the most distinguishing feature of the carbonaceous deposit in end-of-life engines. The inorganics form the skeleton on which organics get attached, thereby resulting in a strong adhesion of the deposit and increasing the difficulty of cleaning. Therefore, a method in which several cleaning forces can be simultaneously applied is more suitable for the present purpose. Molten salt cleaning was chosen to verify the feasibility of this proposal. This method was shown to have the potential to effectively clean the carbonaceous deposit. This finding could contribute towards promoting the effective remanufacturing of end-of-life engines.

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X-ray scattering characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles Langmuir film on water surface and on a solid substrate

Thin Solid Films ◽

10.1016/j.tsf.2016.07.060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 616 ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. Ukleev ◽

A. Khassanov ◽

I. Snigireva ◽

O. Konovalov ◽

A. Vorobiev

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Water Surface ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Langmuir Film ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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Precise and nondestructive characterization of a ‘buried’ nanostructure in a polymer thin film using synchrotron radiation ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

Polymer Journal ◽

10.1038/pj.2012.133 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 307-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Takamichi Shinohara ◽

Tomoko Shirahase ◽

Daiki Murakami ◽

Taiki Hoshino ◽

Moriya Kikuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Small Angle ◽

Polymer Thin Film ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Nondestructive Characterization ◽

Ray Scattering

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In situsmall-angle X-ray scattering characterization of X-ray-induced local heating

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576714020159 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 2078-2080 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monika Witala ◽

Jun Han ◽

Andreas Menzel ◽

Kim Nygård

Keyword(s):

Local Heating ◽

Liquid Mixtures ◽

Glass Capillary ◽

Sample Container ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Synchrotron Light ◽

Ray Scattering

It is shown that small-angle X-ray scattering from binary liquid mixtures close to the critical point of demixing can be used forin situcharacterization of beam-induced heating of liquid samples. For demonstration purposes, the proposed approach is applied on a well studied critical mixture of water and 2,6-lutidine. Given a typical incident X-ray flux at a third-generation synchrotron light source and using a 1.5 mm-diameter glass capillary as sample container, a beam-induced local temperature increase of 0.45 ± 0.10 K is observed.

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