Disposal of Aluminum Based Spent Fuels in a Repository

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Louthan ◽  
N. C. Iyer ◽  
R. L. Sindelar ◽  
H. B. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Rock Temperature ◽  
Moist Environment

AbstractAluminum clad fuel and target elements represent approximately 10% of the DOE owned spent nuclear fuels. The uranium in a large fraction of these fuels is highly enriched and is present as uraniumaluminides which are distributed relatively uniformly within an Al-U alloy core. Emerging acceptance criteria are expected to limit the dry storage temperature for aluminum based fuels to approximately 200°C. The rock temperature near the center of a repository may exceed 200°C if the thermal loading approaches 110 kW/acre. This combination may force the placement of canisters containing aluminum based fuels near the repository periphery. The warm, moist environment anticipated at the periphery may provide aggressive conditions for corrosion of the canister and the highly enriched, aluminum based fuels. Peripheral locations may also be the most vulnerable to covert fuel removal operations. Possible consequences of mixing aluminum based fuels with other fuels in a repository are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DRY STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE RESPONSE OF BROMUS STERILIS L. SEEDS TO LIGHT

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET R. HILTON
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dry Storage

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DOMESTIC SPENT NUCLEAR FUELS FOR LONG TERM DRY STORAGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUSEONG KIM ◽  
HAKKYU YOON ◽  
DONGHAK KOOK ◽  
YONGSOO KIM
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Dry Storage

scholarly journals Storage Temperature and Duration Affect Flower Bud Development, Shoot Emergence, and Flowering of Leucocoryne coquimbensis F. Phil.

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Ohkawa ◽  
Hyeon-Hye Kim ◽  
Emiko Nitta ◽  
Yukinori Fukazawa
Keyword(s):  
No Reduction ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Shoot Emergence ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Leucocoryne, a native to Chile, has violet, blue, or white flowers and is increasing in popularity as a cut flower. The effects of storage temperature and duration on flower bud development, shoot emergence, and anthesis were investigated. Bulbs stored at 20 to 30 °C for 22 weeks produced 3.4 flower stems per bulb between March and April. Bulbs stored at 20 °C flowered earliest, followed by those stored at 25 °C. Bulbs stored at 30 °C flowered last. After 16 weeks of storage at 20 °C, a further 2 weeks dry storage at 15 °C before planting resulted in 1 month earlier flowering with no reduction of the number of flowering stems. As dry storage at 20 °C increased to 11 months, the time to emergence and flowering decreased. After dry storage at 20 °C for 12 months, the primary flower stems aborted and secondary stems then developed. Secondary and tertiary flower stems tend to commence flower bud development after the flower bud on the primary flower stem has reached the gynoecium or anther and ovule stage of initiation.

scholarly journals Storage Temperature Affects Sexual Potato Seed Dormancy

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noël Pallais ◽  
José Santos-Rojas ◽  
Rosario Falcón
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seeds require many months of afterripening in dry storage to completely lose dormancy and germinate readily at >25C. We examined the relationship between storage temperature and seed dormancy, as assessed by the percentage of germination after 4 days. Two F1 hybrid lots of `Desiree' × 7XY.1 were used; one seed lot was produced by carefully removing half of the developing tubers from the mother plant during seed development, and the control remained undisturbed. Seeds were stored with 3.4% moisture (dry-weight basis) at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50C and were tested eight times during 29 months for daily germination at 27/40C (21/3 h) for the first 8 days, followed by 6 days at 17C. After 29 months of storage, final germination was <97% only when control seeds were stored at 50C, in which germination was 72%. Germination after 4 days increased curvilinearly with increasing storage temperature, and both seed lots similarly lost dormancy (germination >90%) after 10 months at 40C. Optimum germination levels were maintained after 29 months at 40C. Seeds stored at 50C never completely lost dormancy, and after 7 months of storage, germination at 4 days gradually decreased to zero. Dormancy was eventually lost after 29 months in most seeds stored at <40C, and differences between seed lots suggest that removing tubers from the mother plant increased dormancy. We conclude that dry potato seeds can be safely afterripened at temperatures up to 40C; lower temperatures slow the rate of dormancy loss, and higher ones are detrimental to seed quality.

scholarly journals Storage Temperature Affects the Quality of Cut Flowers from the Asteraceae

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fisun G. Çelikel ◽  
Michael S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Stem Bending

The respiration of cut flowers of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook.f. `Vesuvio') and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) increased exponentially with increasing storage temperature. Poststorage vase life and negatively gravitropic bending of the neck of the flowers were both strongly affected by simulated transport at higher temperatures. Vase life and stem bending after dry storage showed highly significant linear relationships (negative and positive, respectively) with the rate of respiration during storage. The data indicate the importance of maintaining temperatures close to the freezing point during commercial handling and transport of these important commercial cut-flower crops for maximum vase life.

Seed Dormancy in Red Rice (Oryza sativa) I. Effect of Temperature on Dry-Afterripening

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Cohn ◽  
J. A. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Seed Moisture

The effect of postharvest storage temperature (–15, 5, 20, and 30 C) on seed dormancy of red rice [Oryza sativa L. ‘strawhulled (SH)’], an annual species, was studied. Intact and dehulled (by hand) seeds were dormant at harvest. Intact seeds were nondormant (greater than 90% germination at 30 C) after dry storage at 20 or 30 C for 4 weeks after harvest. In intact seeds stored dry at 5 C, the degree of dormancy was dependent upon postharvest exposure time at 20 C prior to storage. Dormancy of intact seeds decreased at 5 C as this initial postharvest exposure to 20 C was increased from 2 to 7 days. This effect of initial 20 C exposure was independent of seed moisture content (11 to 12%). After dry storage of intact seeds at 5 C, dehulling promoted germination. Germination of such dehulled seeds increased with increasing storage time at 5 C up to 11 months when complete germination occurred. The response of seeds dehulled immediately after dry storage at 5 C was independent of prior exposure time (2 to 7 days) at 20 C. Storage at −15 C prevented all forms of dry-afterripening for 1 yr.

scholarly journals Analysis of Dry Storage Temperature Limits for Zircaloy-Clad Spent Nuclear Fuel

1999 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Hayes ◽  
R.S. Rosen ◽  
M.E. Kassner ◽  
K.S. Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Dry Storage

Effect of storage temperature on dormancy release of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) achenes

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Verónica Rodríguez ◽  
María Paula Bodrone ◽  
María Paula Castellari ◽  
Diego Batlla
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractPublished information regarding the effect of storage temperature on dormancy alleviation of sunflower achenes is contradictory and ambiguous. In the present study we explored the effect of temperature during dry storage on dormancy release in two sunflower genotypes, including a commercial hybrid and an inbred line. Dry storage at 25°C consistently accelerated dormancy release of achenes compared with 5°C. This response fits the general pattern reported for dry after-ripening in seeds of many other species. Depending on the genotype and the dormancy factor prevailing, higher temperature alleviated embryo dormancy and coat-imposed dormancy. Hormonal pathways involved in these changes were investigated at the physiological level. In both genotypes, sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) was reduced by storage at 25°C. Also, but only in one genotype, storage at 25°C reduced ABA levels upon imbibition and increased the response to a gibberellin (GA) synthesis inhibitor and to applied GA3, compared with storage at 5°C; these results support the idea that temperature affects both ABA and GA metabolism and signalling pathways during after-ripening. This information will be useful to define storage conditions for commercial sunflower achenes, and will also help focus future research on the underlying mechanisms of dormancy release during dry after-ripening in sunflower.

A New Criterion for the Degradation of a Defective Spent Fuel Rod under Dry Storage Conditions Based on Nuclear Ceramic Cracking

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Desgranges ◽  
François Charollais ◽  
Isabelle Felines ◽  
Cécile Ferry ◽  
Jean Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Coated Particles ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Fuel Particles ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Environmental Sem

AbstractExperimental results using environmental SEM on intentionally defected fuel particles showed that oxidation induced cracking could lead to the degradation of HTR coated particles. The interpretation proposed for the swelling resulting from cracking can be extended to irradiated nuclear fuels. That is why a new criterion was proposed to defined safe handling of defective fuel in dry storage condition. This criterion defines the time needed to create an oxidized layer thickness leading to significant cracking.

scholarly journals Radiolytic and Thermal Processes Relevant to Dry Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuels

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C Marschman ◽  
Theodore E Madey ◽  
Peter E Haustein ◽  
Thomas M Orlando ◽  
James P Cowin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Dry Storage
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