Electrical Properties of Au/Polymer Interfaces

1997 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ioannidis ◽  
J. S. Facci ◽  
M. Abkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Polymer Interfaces ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Evolution Control ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Deposition Conditions

AbstractA trap-free Molecularly Doped hole-transport Polymer (MDP) provides a model system for the study of metal/polymer interfaces by enabling the use of a recently developed technique that supplies a quantitative measure of contact injection efficiency. The technique combines fielddependent injection current measurements from a contact under test with time-of-flighl (TOF) mobility measurements on the same sample. In the present case, MDP films were prepared with two top vapor-deposited contacts, one of Au (test contact) and one of AI (for TOF), and a bottom carbon-loaded polyimide electriode. An unusual phenomenon is investigated whereby injection from Au is initially blocking, evolving to ohmic over time. This contrasts with the behavior expected according to the relative work-functions of Au and of the polymer whereby Au should inject holes efficiently. The samples were aged at various temperatures below the glass transition of the polymer (85°C) and the evolution of current-field measurements and of capacitance is followed in detail over time and analyzed. All Au contacts eventually achieved ohmic injection. Rapid sequence data acquisition enabled the separation of two main processes in the injection evolution. Control measurements ensure that the evolution of the electrical properties is due to the Au/polymer interface behavior and not the bulk. The behavior of Au contacts evaporated under various deposition conditions was compared. Transmission electron microscopy results at the Au/MDP interface were obtained as both a function of time and of deposition conditions. Mechanisms operating at the interface of the evaporated Au films on the polymer are discussed.

Influence of deposition conditions of La-doped YbBa2Cu3Oy upper layers on electrical properties of interface-modified ramp-edge junction

2002 ◽  
Vol 378-381 ◽  
pp. 1353-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wakana ◽  
S Adachi ◽  
M Horibe ◽  
Y Ishimaru ◽  
O Horibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
La Doped ◽  
Deposition Conditions

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Physical and Electrical Properties of Knitted Electrodes When Subjected to Multi-Axial Compression and Abrasion

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Arash M. Shahidi ◽  
Theodore Hughes-Riley ◽  
Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Tilak Dias
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time

Knitted electrodes are a key component to many electronic textiles including sensing devices, such as pressure sensors and heart rate monitors; therefore, it is essential to assess the electrical performance of these knitted electrodes under different mechanical loads to understand their performance during use. The electrical properties of the electrodes could change while deforming, due to an applied load, which could occur in the uniaxial direction (while stretched) or multiaxial direction (while compressed). The properties and performance of the electrodes could also change over time when rubbed against another surface due to the frictional force and generated heat. This work investigates the behavior of a knitted electrode under different loading conditions and after multiple abrasion cycles.

scholarly journals Effect of various deposition conditions on the electrical properties of LAO/STO hetero interfaces

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 082039 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kalabukhov ◽  
R Gunnarsson ◽  
J Börjesson ◽  
E Olsson ◽  
D Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Deposition Conditions

scholarly journals Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Alm ◽  
Eeva K Broberg ◽  
Thomas Connor ◽  
Emma B Hodcroft ◽  
Andrey B Komissarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

We show the distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three genomic nomenclature systems to all sequence data from the World Health Organization European Region available until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation, compare the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.

Variability of Peak Hour Factor at Intersections

2005 ◽  
Vol 1920 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Tarko ◽  
Rafael I. Perez-Cartagena
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Over Time

A peak hour factor (PHF) is used to convert hourly traffic volume into the flow rate that represents the busiest 15 min of the rush hour. Past research indicated that PHF had a strong impact on traffic analysis results. The common practice is to use a default value recommended by national or local guidelines or to use limited field observations. This paper investigates the variability of PHF over time and across locations. The day-to-day variability of PHF was found to be as strong as the site-to-site variability. This finding prompts estimation of the PHF on the basis of multiple field measurements or, when it is not possible to obtain measurements, for the use of a model that returns the average value of PHF. This paper presents such a model, which links PHF with the hourly volume, population, and time of day. The paper demonstrates that a large portion of the variability in the sample of observations either can be explained with the model or can be attributed to the day-to-day fluctuation.

scholarly journals Enhanced charge collection and stability in planar perovskite solar cells based on a cobalt(iii)-complex additive

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (60) ◽  
pp. 37654-37658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunping Ma ◽  
Jiandong Fan ◽  
Cuiling Zhang ◽  
Hongliang Li ◽  
Wenzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Complex Additive

Chemical doping has emerged as a favourable method for tuning the electrical properties of the hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells.

Determining the impact of air-side cleaning for heat exchangers in ventilation systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Abdul Hamid ◽  
Dennis Johansson ◽  
Michael Lempart
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Cleaning coils can be an efficient way to reduce the need for reparations and maintain the functionality of a ventilation system. This study builds upon existing knowledge concerning the contamination of heat exchangers. Through field measurements on coils and heat-recovery units, a laboratory experiment on a coil, and a generic calculation example, this study determines the impact of sustained contamination on heat-recovery units with regards to energy use. Field measurements made before and after cleaning of heat exchangers show an average increase in the pressure drop by 12% and decrease in the thermal exchange efficiency by 8.1% due to mass deposited on the surface of the heat exchangers. Results from a laboratory test show a correlation between the mass deposited on a coil and (1) the increase in pressure drop over the coil, as well as (2) a diminishing heat exchange. Accumulating contamination on heat-recovery units in residential and commercial buildings (over time) is then linked to increasing pressure drop and diminishing thermal efficiency. With models based on these links, energy loss over time is calculated based on a generic calculation example in a realistic scenario. Practical application: The results from this study emphasize the need for maintenance of buildings with ventilation systems with coils, but more so those with heat-recovery units. The presented field measurements and laboratory study correlate energy loss with sustained accumulation of contaminants on coils and heat-recovery units. These results should serve as a recommendation to property owners considering maintenance of such units in their buildings.

Effect of Growth Conditions on Structural and Electrical Properties of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 layers grown by peroxide MBE

2007 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Izyumskaya ◽  
V. Avrutin ◽  
X. Gu ◽  
B. Xiao ◽  
S. Chevtchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Pzt Films

AbstractPb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy using hydrogen peroxide as a source of reactive oxygen. Phase composition as well as structural and electrical properties of the films were studied by x-ray diffractometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, and electrical (I-V and polarization-field) measurements. The hydrogen peroxide pressure was found to control the phase composition of the films. Excess peroxide leads to PbO inclusions in PZT layers, whereas deficiency results in the TiO2 or the ZrO2 phase. The second-phase inclusions can be responsible for high leakage current in the films. Precise control over the peroxide pressure is imperative for single-phase PZT films with good ferroelectric properties.

Degradation Studies Of Polypyrrole Coated Fibers For Microwave And Millimeterwave Obscurants

1995 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard. J. Buckley ◽  
Mark Eashoo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Coated Fiber ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
Deposition Conditions

ABSTRACTMicrowave and millimeterwave obscurants based on typical millimeterwave materials do not environmentally degrade with respect to their physical and electrical properties. The use of conductive polymer coated films and fibers with inherent environmental instabilities are being investigated as possible alternatives. Achieving the optimum electrical performance is highly dependent upon the polymer/dopant combination, deposition conditions, morphology, and volume of the coating that is used. Several conductive polymer coated fiber systems were investigated via thermal analysis. The effects of processing conditions on performance and stability were studied.

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