MULTILAYER X-RAY MIRRORS, A FIRST STEP TOWARDS THE CUSTOM DESIGN OF NEW MATERIAL PROPERTIES

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
EBERHARD SPILLER
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Thickness Control ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Custom Design ◽  
Boundary Definition ◽  
Homogeneous Materials ◽  
New Material

AbstractSoft x-ray reflectivities up to a factor 104 larger than those of the best homogeneous materials have been obtained with multilayers coatings. Thickness control and boundary definition has been achieved on an atomic scale with amorphous films. We will review design, fabrication, performance and characterization of the coatings and discuss possibilities to extent these methods to the improvement of other material properties.

Atomic scale characterization of organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth using in-situ grazing incidence X-ray scattering

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Kisker ◽  
G.B. Stephenson ◽  
P.H. Fuoss ◽  
F.J. Lamelas ◽  
S. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Multi-scale characterization of glaucophane from Chiavolino (Biella, Italy): implications for international regulations on elongate mineral particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-112
Author(s):  
Ruggero Vigliaturo ◽  
Sabrina M. Elkassas ◽  
Giancarlo Della Ventura ◽  
Günther J. Redhammer ◽  
Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Particle Population ◽  
Investigation Methods

Abstract. In this paper, we present the results of a multi-analytical characterization of a glaucophane sample collected in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy. Investigation methods included optical microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, µ-Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning/transmission electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. In addition to the crystal–chemical characterization of the sample from the mesoscale to the near-atomic scale, we have also conducted an extended study on the morphology and dimensions of the mineral particles. The main finding is that studying the same particle population at different magnifications yields different results for mineral habit, dimensions, and dimensional distributions. As glaucophane may occur as an elongate mineral particle (e.g., asbestiform glaucophane occurrences in California and Nevada), the observed discrepancies therefore need to be considered when assessing potential breathability of such particles, with implications for future regulations on elongate mineral particles. While the sample preparation and particle counting methods are not directly investigated in this work, our findings suggest that different magnifications should be used when characterizing an elongate mineral particle population, irrespective of whether or not it contains asbestiform material. These results further reveal the need for developing improved regulation for elongate mineral particles. We thus propose a simple methodology to merge the datasets collected at different magnifications to provide a more complete description and a better risk evaluation of the studied particle population.

scholarly journals Atomic-Scale Structural and Chemical Characterization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers Synthesized at the Wafer-Scale with Monolayer Thickness Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 4700-4707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Victor W. Brar ◽  
Deep Jariwala ◽  
Michelle C. Sherrott ◽  
Wei-Shiuan Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Thickness Control ◽  
Wafer Scale ◽  
Nitride Layers

scholarly journals Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Studies at Mineral-Water Interfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Chiarello ◽  
Neil C. Sturchio
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
Cleavage Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractSynchrotron X-ray scattering techniques provide a powerful tool for the in situ study of atomic scale processes occurring at solid-liquid interfaces. We have applied these techniques to characterize and study reactions at mineral-water interfaces. Here we present two examples. The first is the characterization of the calcite (CaCO3) (1014) cleavage surface, in equilibrium with deionized water, by crystal truncation rod measurements. The second is the in situ study of the heteroepitaxial growth of otavite (CdCO3) on the calcite (1014) cleavage surface. The results of such studies will lead to significant progress in understanding mineral-water interface geochemistry.

Combinatorial Synthesis and Evaluation on Thermoelectric Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 591-595
Author(s):  
Qun Jiao Wang ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Combinatorial Synthesis ◽  
Laser Deposition ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Material

Combinatorial technology is a powerful tool for new material exploration. Some new combinatorial technologies, such as combinatorial laser molecular beam epitaxy (CLMBE) and combinatorial pulsed laser deposition (CPLD), were introduced in the paper. La1-xCexVO3 (0≤x≤1) composition-spread films were fabricated successfully by CPLD, while their thermoelectric properties and structures were evaluated by the multi-channel thermoelectric measurement system and concurrent X-ray analysis respectively. Combinatorial technologies are proving to be an efficient, low-cost tool in synthesis and characterization of thermoelectric composition-spread films.

Chemical and Structural Characterization of γ/γ′ Interfaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Atom Probe Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Nickel Base

More attention has been paid to the interfaces since mechanical properties of nickel-base superalloys are determined to some degree by them. The compositional transition across γ/γ′ interfaces and atomic structure of the interfaces was investigated using three-dimensional atom probe tomography and scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with high-resolution Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry. Results show that no obvious segregation to the interfaces or ledges of the precipitates in the present experimental alloys has been observed. Also, adsorption of a solute to the interface was not observed. The interfaces are not flat as usually thought at an atomic scale. The interfacial thickness is about two atomic layers, i.e. 0.7 nm.

Preparation and Structural Characterization of CMC/MMT Nanocomposite

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 606-609
Author(s):  
Chuan Xin Zhai ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiang Dong Ma ◽  
Shi Zhong Wei ◽  
Liu Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Solution Intercalation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After

Using montmorillonite (MMT) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as raw materials, CMC/MMT nanocomposites were prepared by the solution intercalation technique. The microstructures of MMT before and after being intercalated were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results of XRD showed that when the adding amount of CMC increased from naught to 70wt%, the structures of MMT have no change basically; when the adding amount of CMC increased to 80wt%, the decrease of MMT (001) was significant; when the adding amount of CMC reached to 90wt%, the diffraction peak of (001) disappeared, which indicated that the layers of MMT have been exfoliated along (001) and the CMC/MMT intercalated structure has been obtained. The observations by HRTEM showed that the shapes of MMT are layer aggregation or agglomerated particles. The MMT added with 90wt% CMC has changed into intercalated structure with alternating MMT and CMC order mainly, and the intercalated structure was characterized at the atomic scale.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

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