New Approaches to Chemical Bath Deposition of Chalcogenides

1999 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O’brien ◽  
Markus R. Heinrich ◽  
David J. Otway ◽  
Odile Robbe ◽  
Alexander Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Heated Substrate ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
Cds Films

AbstractWe have been studying new approaches to conventional Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) of chalcogenide containing materials, using continuous circulation and replenishment of CBD solution over a heated substrate. Crystalline thin films produced by this method offer potential for use in solar cell devices or other optoelectronic applications. Films of CdS, ZnS and the ternary material CdxZn1−xS have been deposited on TO-glass substrates. In this paper we demonstrate our approach for the deposition of CdS films. These have been characterized by XPS, SEM, XRD and UV/vis spectroscopy and shown to be good quality. The films have been used to fabricate Au/CdTe/CdS/TO-glass solar cells of efficiency 10.1% under AMl.5 illumination.

Synthesis and Characterisation of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films for Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells using Natural Fruit Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Ramyashree ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
S. Shanmuga Priya ◽  
K. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Nanocrystalline Phase ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ito Films

The study focuses on the application of natural fruit extract of blackberry in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) as a photosensitiser. The widespread availability of the fruits and juices, high concentration of anthocyanins in them ease of extraction of anthocyanin dyes from these commonly available fruits, enable them as a novel and inexpensive candidates for solar cell fabrication. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring biodegradable and non-toxic compounds that can be extracted with minimal environmental impact and provide environmentally benign alternatives for manufacturing dyes in DSSC synthesis. Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are synthesised using sol-gel and spin-coating techniques. ITO characteristics are determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FTIR) measurements. To find the transmittance percentage in the visible region of thin films, atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyses were done. The nanocrystalline phase of the synthesised ITO films was confirmed through XRD. SEM was used to analyse the morphology of the synthesised ITO films. Cubic, columnar (edge length ~ 35-45 nm) and rod-shaped (~110 x 14) particles were observed. Narrow size distribution was observed for spherical particles in the range of ~13-15 nm. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxide functional groups. The AFM analysis revealed the uniform spread of the synthesised dye, while the visible region absorbance and transmittance of the synthesised ITO films were confirmed through UV-vis spectroscopy. The thin films showed 83-86% of average transmittance. Finally, we fabricated a dye-sensitised solar cell with desired properties. The characterisation results confirmed that the synthesised material could be used in the DSSC application.

scholarly journals Deposition time and annealing effects on morphological and optical properties of ZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chabou ◽  
B. Birouk ◽  
M.S. Aida ◽  
J.P. Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Annealing Effects

AbstractNanocrystalline zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films are prepared on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using aqueous solutions of zinc chloride, thiourea ammonium hydroxide along with non-toxic complexing agent tri-sodium citrate in alkaline medium at 80 °C. The deposition time and annealing effects on the optical and morphological properties are studied. The morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the films are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM micrographs exhibit uniform surface coverage. UV-Vis (300 nm to 800 nm) spectrophotometric measurements show transparency of the films (transmittance ranging from 69 % to 81 %), with a direct allowed energy band gap in the range of 3.87 eV to 4.03 eV. After thermal annealing at 500 °C for 120 min, the transmittance increases up to 87 %.

Optical and Structural Properties of Nanocrystalline CdS Thin Films Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Ayush Khare ◽  
R. B. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cds Thin Films ◽  
Cds Films

Nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide thin films are prepared using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique in aqueous alkaline bath at 60 °C and their subsequent condensation on glass substrates. Effects of annealing on structural, morphological and optical properties are presented and discussed. The best annealing temperature for CBD grown CdS films is found to be 350 °C from optical properties. The optical and structural properties of CdS films are found to be sensitive to annealing temperature and are described in terms of XRD, SEM, transmission spectra and optical studies. The structural parameters such as crystallite size have been evaluated through XRD while SEM micrographs exhibit ordering of grains upon annealing. The transmission spectra shift towards higher wavelength upon annealing indicating increase in crystallinity. Annealing over 350 °C is found to degrade the external structure and optical properties of the film.

SnS Thin Films in Chemically Deposited Solar Cell Structures

2007 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Avellaneda ◽  
M. T. S. Nair ◽  
P. K. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Tin Sulfide ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Sns Thin Films ◽  
Photovoltaic Characteristics

AbstractWe report photovoltaic cell structures on SnO2:F (TCO) coated glass substrates. Thin films of CdS, SnS, and CuS or PbS were deposited sequentially from chemical baths to produce the solar cell structures: SnO2:F-CdS- SnS (A)-CuS-Ag; SnO2:F-CdS- SnS (A)-PbS-Ag; and SnO2:F-CdS- SnS (B)-PbS-Ag. Heating SnS-CuS films results in the formation of Cu2SnS3, and sequential depositions of SnS and PbS to obtain solar cells produce stratified layers as required for solar cells. The photovoltaic characteristics, Voc 340 mV and Jsc 6 mA/cm2 in these structures suggest that absorber thin films based on tin sulfide are worth investigating as a relatively abundant and non-toxic material for solar cells.

scholarly journals Improving Performance of CIGS Solar Cells by Annealing ITO Thin Films Electrodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Lung Chuang ◽  
Ming Wei Chang ◽  
Nien Po Chen ◽  
Chung Chiang Pan ◽  
Chung Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ito Film ◽  
Ito Thin Films ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells ◽  
Ito Films

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown on glass substrates by direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Annealing at the optimal temperature can considerably improve the composition, structure, optical properties, and electrical properties of the ITO film. An ITO sample with a favorable crystalline structure was obtained by annealing in fixed oxygen/argon ratio of 0.03 at 400°C for 30 min. The carrier concentration, mobility, resistivity, band gap, transmission in the visible-light region, and transmission in the near-IR regions of the ITO sample were-1.6E+20 cm−3,2.7E+01 cm2/Vs,1.4E-03 Ohm-cm, 3.2 eV, 89.1%, and 94.7%, respectively. Thus, annealing improved the average transmissions (400–1200 nm) of the ITO film by 16.36%. Moreover, annealing a copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) solar cell at 400°C for 30 min in air improved its efficiency by 18.75%. The characteristics of annealing ITO films importantly affect the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of ITO films that are used in solar cells.

STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Al-DOPED ZnO TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CHER ◽  
S. YICK ◽  
S. XU ◽  
Z. J. HAN ◽  
K. OSTRIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Optimal Annealing Temperature ◽  
Post Synthesis

Al -doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films are deposited onto glass substrates using radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and the improvements in their physical properties by post-synthesis thermal treatment are reported. X-ray diffraction spectra show that the structure of films can be controlled by adjusting the annealing temperatures, with the best crystallinity obtained at 400°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. These films exhibit improved quality and better optical transmittance as indicated by the UV-Vis spectra. Furthermore, the sheet resistivity is found to decrease from 1.87 × 10-3 to 5.63 × 10-4Ω⋅cm and the carrier mobility increases from 6.47 to 13.43 cm2 ⋅ V-1 ⋅ s-1 at the optimal annealing temperature. Our results demonstrate a simple yet effective way in controlling the structural, optical and electrical properties of AZO thin films, which is important for solar cell applications.

Growth of CdS thin films on indium coated glass substrates via chemical bath deposition and subsequent air annealing

2014 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Ghosh ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar ◽  
Balwant Kr Singh ◽  
Pushan Banerjee ◽  
Subrata Das
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cds Thin Films

scholarly journals Description of a Naphthoquinonic Crystal Produced by the Fungus Scytalidium cuboideum

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarath Gutierrez ◽  
Kenya Hazell ◽  
John Simonsen ◽  
Seri Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Pink Pigment

Intarsia was an art form popular between the 15th–18th centuries that used wood pigmented by spalting fungi to create detailed landscapes, portraits, and other imagery. These fungi are still used today in art but are also finding relevance in material science as elements of solar cells, textile dyes, and paint colorants. Here we show that the spalting fungus Scytalidium cuboideum (Sacc. and Ellis) Sigler and Kang produces a red/pink pigment that forms two distinct colors of crystals (red and orange)—a very rare occurrence. In addition, a second structure of the crystal is proved through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This is only the second instance of a stable, naphthoquinone crystal produced by a fungus. Its discovery is particularly valuable for solar cell development, as crystalline materials have a higher electrical conductivity. Other fungi in this order have shown strong potential as thin films for solar cells.

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