scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURE OF KOI HERPESVIRUS (KHV) INFECTED CULTURED KOI FIN (KF-1) CELLS

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ketut Mahardika ◽  
Masahiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Change ◽  
Ultrastructural Feature ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Koi Herpesvirus ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Electron Dense Core

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), may cause significant morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In the present study, an electron microscopic (EM) was performed on KHV-infected cultured koi fin (KF-1) to document the ultrastructure of the lesions. Viral particles were firstly evident in the nucleus. These viral particles observed as immature capsids and nucleocapsids. Many non-enveloped nucleocapsids have moved from the nucleus into the cell cytoplasm. The formation of subviral particles and virions, which comprised, in turn, an electron dense core, capsids with a hexagonal outline, the tegument was evident in the cytoplasm. And then, the virions with the enveloped tegument budded through the intracytoplasmic membrane. Based on EM results, the definitive pathological change was similar as those in the Family Herpesviridae.

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato Infecting Viruses That Co-Isolate with Nanovesicles Using a Combined Proteomics and Electron-Microscopic Approach

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Ramila Mammadova ◽  
Immacolata Fiume ◽  
Ramesh Bokka ◽  
Veronika Kralj-Iglič ◽  
Darja Božič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Viral Particles

Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted interest due to their anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidative properties and their efficient uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells. Previously we showed that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is one of the interesting plant resources from which NVs can be obtained at a high yield. In the course of the isolation of NVs from different batches of tomatoes, using the established differential ultracentrifugation or size-exclusion chromatography methods, we occasionally observed the co-isolation of viral particles. Density gradient ultracentrifugation (gUC), using sucrose or iodixanol gradient materials, turned out to be efficient in the separation of NVs from the viral particles. We applied cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphological assessment and LC–MS/MS-based proteomics for the protein identification of the gradient fractions. Cryo-TEM showed that a low-density gUC fraction was enriched in membrane-enclosed NVs, while the high-density fractions were rich in rod-shaped objects. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis identified capsid proteins of tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tomato mosaic virus and tomato mottle mosaic virus. In another batch of tomatoes, we isolated tomato spotted wilt virus, potato virus Y and southern tomato virus in the vesicle sample. Our results show the frequent co-isolation of plant viruses with NVs and the utility of the combination of cryo-TEM, SEM and proteomics in the detection of possible viral contamination.

The accumulation of noradrenaline in constricted sympathetic nerves as studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1008) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hypogastric Nerve ◽  
Fluorescent Material ◽  
Dense Cores ◽  
Fluorescence And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Granular Vesicles ◽  
Electron Dense Core ◽  
Microscopic Findings

The effects of constricting post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves have been studied in the cat splenic nerve and guinea-pig hypogastric nerve. The results obtained using a fluorescence method for the histochemical localization of noradrenaline have been compared with electron microscopic findings. A close correlation was found between the accumulation of fluorescent material, attributable to noradrenaline, and of vesicles with an electron dense core (granular vesicles) believed to contain noradrenaline, proximal to the constriction in these nerves. This accumulation of noradrenaline was visible by 1 h after operation and increased rapidly in amount during the succeeding hours. It apparently reached a maximum after approximately 2 days and was found in what appeared to be newly formed axons 3 to 4 days after operation. Reserpine reduces the fluorescence and the number of vesicles with electron dense cores which accumulate proximal to the constriction. It is suggested, (1) that the fluorescent material is due, at least in part, to the presence of the granular vesicles, and (2) that the constriction has blocked the normal proximo-distal movement of noradrenaline which is believed to occur in post-ganglionic sympathetic axons.

Palpebral Amelanotic Melanomas in F344 Rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshitomi ◽  
G. A. Boorman
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Feature ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
The Right ◽  
F344 Rats ◽  
Left Eyelid

Spontaneous amelanotic melanomas in the eyelids of F344 rats were found in one of 1/926 (0.11 %) male and 5/925 (0.54%) female F344 rats that were used as control and treated animals in five different carcinogenicity studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (Research Triangle Park, NC). These melanomas were grossly recognized as single, tan or white, well-circumscribed masses of the right or left eyelid. These melanomas primarily occurred in the dermis of the skin of the eyelids and consisted of poorly differentiated spindle cells characteristically arranged in interlacing fascicles. Rarely, epithelioid tumor cells were also observed, and these tumor cells showed a negative histochemical reaction for melanin. The epidermis and dermal–epidermal junction were usually uninvolved. The diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma could only be established by electron microscopic examination. The most striking ultrastructural feature of the tumor cells was a large number of intracytoplasmic premelanosomes (stage II melanosomes without melanin), which nearly filled the cytoplasm of most tumor cells. Giant premelanosomes and melanophagosomes were also seen. The tumor cells did not possess the ultrastructural features characteristic of Schwann cells (thin, long cell processes and pericytoplasmic basal laminae). The histologic and ultrastructural features of these palpebral tumors were similar to those of cutaneous amelanotic melanomas of the pinna in F344 rats.

scholarly journals An Electron Microscope Study of the Source and Distribution of Ferritin in Hepatic Parenchymal Cells of the Newborn Rabbit

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES C. HAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Newborn Rabbit ◽  
Blue Reaction ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Abstract Evidence that erythrocytes are phagocytized and dismantled by hepatic parenchymal cells in the newborn rabbit is presented. It is concluded that in these cells iron is recovered from disintegrating erythrocytes, synthesized into ferritin and released into the hepatic cell cytoplasm and into the biliary passages. These conclusions are based upon observations on the distribution of material giving the Prussian blue reaction in sections of liver as revealed by the light microscope and upon electron microscopic images of particles displaying the size, density and configuration of the ferritin molecule.

Electron microscopic observations on the development and cytochemistry of the large granule complexes in chicken erythrocyte nuclei

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-187
Author(s):  
E.C. Pearson ◽  
H.G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Ultrastructural Feature ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Chicken Erythrocyte ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Large Granule ◽  
Erythrocyte Nucleus ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes

Large granule complexes are structures found in a small percentage of chicken erythrocyte nuclei when observed in ultra-thin sections in the electron microscope. They consist of an amorphous region associated with a number of large (approximately 30 min) granules. We have shown, by a novel use of phenylhydrazine to synchronize populations of chicken erythrocytes in vivo, that large granule complexes do not occur in the nuclei until the cells have reached one-third to one-half of their normal intravascular lifespan. The mature large granule complexes are formed by aggregation of pre-existing fibrillar, granular and amorphous material, and their presence is correlated with the presence of another ultrastructural feature of the nucleus, the so-called “filled cavities' in the chromatin. Digestion of ultra-thin sections of erythrocytes embedded in the hydrophilic resin glycol methacrylate (GMA) has shown that the major component of the amorphous region is a rather acidic protein that is not haemoglobin, the most abundant protein in the erythrocyte. The large granules also contain protein and, almost certainly, RNA. The problems encountered in reaching this conclusion have emphasized the lack of unambiguous cytochemical tests for use on ultra-thin sections. We have shown that the large granule complex differs in many respects from the nucleolus in the erythrocyte series, even though the two organelles have certain superficial similarities such as their overall dimensions and the presence of granular and fibrillar regions. The most likely function of the large granule complex is as a repository for material, including RNA, the processing of which has ceased in the inactivated erythrocyte nucleus.

Analysis of non-morphometric morphological characters used in the taxonomy of the genus Pseudechiniscus (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V Tumanov
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Claw Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Pseudechiniscus, the second-largest genus of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), is notoriously difficult for taxonomic studies. In this study, I performed a morphological analysis of a new species from Croatia, based on a light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination of 45 specimens from the same sample. Furthermore, I have summarized all available data on Pseudechiniscus species, including their original descriptions, and have analysed the following complexes of morphological characters: (1) arrangement and morphology of dorsal cuticular plates, (2) ventral sculpture, (3) morphology of cephalic, trunk and leg sensory organs and (4) claw morphology. The applicability of these characters in the taxonomy and their distribution in the genus are discussed. Some of the characters traditionally used for species delimitation were shown to be unsuitable and others in need of a thorough reinvestigation. The meaning of the old term ‘faceted’, commonly used but often misapplied, has been clarified, based on the initial definition. Several characters of the claw structure were suggested as potentially useful for species delimitation. The taxonomic status of several old forms and species was discussed.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIRUSES AS OBSERVED IN THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

1962 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Councilman Morgan ◽  
Konrad C. Hsu ◽  
Harry M. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Third ◽  
Magnus Effect ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

Chicken embryos were infected by the chorioallantoic route with influenza virus, PR8 strain, in the form of undiluted chorioallantoic fluid. Electron microscopic examination 24 hours after infection revealed that membrane-bound fragments of cytoplasm appeared to be in process of release from entodermal cells of the chorioallantois. The number of such fragments was greatly increased in proportion to the number of typical viral particles after the third serial passage, which was accompanied by a reduction of the infectivity-hemagglutinin ratio (von Magnus effect). The lack of recognizable internal components, together with the presence of surface structure which closely resembled that of the virus and frequently contained viral antigen, suggested that many of these fragments were incomplete viral particles. It is proposed that concentrated inocula damage the cells and interfere with differentiation of the virus, but do not inhibit formation and detachment of cytoplasmic processes. Under these circumstances the accumulation of viral antigen at the surface of the cell will result in the predominant formation of incomplete virus.

New Ordovician marine macroalgae from North America, with observations onButhograptus,Callithamnopsis, andChaetocladus

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. LoDuca
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Occurrences ◽  
Northern Michigan

AbstractOrdovician material from the Platteville Formation (Sandbian) of southern Wisconsin and Big Hill Formation (Katian) of northern Michigan is described that provides novel information about the phylogenetic affinity, taxonomic diversity, and stratigraphic range of the nonbiomineralized taxaButhograptus,Callithamnopsis, andChaetocladus. Two new species ofButhograptus, a previously monotypic genus, are erected on the basis of the Platteville Formation material,Buthograptus gundersonin. sp. andB.meyerin. sp., and new occurrences ofB.laxusare recorded from several localities and two distinct stratigraphic levels within this unit. On the basis of scanning electron microscopic investigation of the material and the fact that each of the threeButhograptusspecies has a close counterpart in the frond morphology of an extant species ofCaulerpa,Buthograptusis interpreted as a member of the green algal order Bryopsidales. New specimens from the Platteville Formation assigned toCallithamnopsisreveal new morphological details for the type species,C.fruticosa(Hall, 1865), aspects of which indicate that the genus belongs to the family Triploporellaceae rather than Seletonellaceae within the green algal order Dasycladales, andChaetocladusmaterial from the Big Hill Formation includes specimens that are formally assigned toChaetocladus dubius(Spencer, 1884), a species of dasycladalean alga known previously only from the mid-Silurian of Ontario.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY TO ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN INFECTED CELLS

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Councilman Morgan ◽  
Konrad C. Hsu ◽  
Richard A. Rifkind ◽  
Alice W. Knox ◽  
Harry M. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Infected Cells

Immersion of chorioallantoic membranes infected by influenza virus in ferritin-conjugated antibody globulin prior to fixation permits recognition of viral antigen at the cellular surface. In some cases the antigen is confined to sites at which viral particles appear to be in process of release, whereas in others it is present along the entire cellular surface. During infection part or all of the cellular membrane presumably is transformed so that it contains the antigenic and structural components which coat the virus during emergence. It is suggested that detached fragments of cytoplasm possessing surface hemagglutinin but incapable of initiating infection constitute at least one form of "incomplete virus."

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