scholarly journals Genetic study of a family with affected members with Waardenburg syndrome type 4 without Hirschsprung disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Mitra Sabetghadam Moghadam ◽  
◽  
Sima Rayat ◽  
Saeid Morovvati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Pathogenic Mutation ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Waardenburg Syndrome ◽  
Single Family

Introduction. Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an autosomally inherited disorder with the most common state compounding pigmentary abnormality and sensorineural deafness. The rarest type of the disease is WS4 with the general characteristic discriminated from other types by the attendance of Hirschsprung disease (HD). Among the several genes, one of the causative genes in WS4 is endothelin 3 (EDN3) with both autosomal recessive and dominant inheritance. Aim. The intention of the present study is to report a pathogenic mutation as the genetic cause of WS in an Iranian family with four patients without any segregation criteria for the type of the disease. Material and methods. In order to detect of causing gene or genes related to the disease, Whole exome sequencing (WES) technique in proband’s sample was done. To confirm the detected mutation in proband and some family members with or without the disease direct sequencing of END3 gene was performed using Sanger method. Results. Pedigree analysis suggested segregation of WS as an autosomal recessive trait in the family. WES analysis suggested a gene (EDN3) related to WS type 4B. DNA sequencing confirmed a pathogenic missense mutation c.293C>T, p.T98M in EDN3 gene in all of the four patients. Conclusion. Determination of WS can usually be missed owing to the lack of some attributes in every sufferer and also conventional clinical variance, in spite of several affected members in a single family. So, Genetic counseling is pivotal for families with multiple members influenced. We detected c.293C>T, p.T98K mutation in EDN3 gene as a pathogenic variant which has been known as a likely pathogenic state in the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines, despite one prior report. It will be helpful in genetic diagnosis of affected persons and increases the mutation spectrum of EDN3 gene.

Homozygosity for a Novel Missense Mutation in the Prothrombin Gene Causing a Severe Bleeding Disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Poort ◽  
J J Michiels ◽  
P H Reitsma ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Prothrombin Gene ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
Antigen 5

SummaryA patient with a severe bleeding tendency and hypoprothrombin-emia (Factor II activity 2%, Factor II antigen 5%) was screened for the presence of alterations in his prothrombin gene. Direct sequencing of PCR fragments derived from the coding and flanking regions of the prothrombin gene, revealed that the patient was homozygous for an A ⟶ G substitution in exon 3. This substitution predicts the replacement of Tyr 44 (TAC) by Cys (TGC) in the prothrombin molecule. Both parents were found to be heterozygous for the same mutation. Further family studies revealed complete cosegregation of the mutation with the prothrombin deficiency. Only the five homozygous brothers and sisters of the propositus were clinically affected (severe hemorrhages including epistaxis, soft tissue, muscle and joint bleedings in all, and severe hemorrhages in the two women). The bleeding tendency therefore seems to inherit as an autosomal recessive trait.

scholarly journals Scott syndrome, characterized by impaired transmembrane migration of procoagulant phosphatidylserine and hemorrhagic complications, is an inherited disorder

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1409-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Toti ◽  
N Satta ◽  
E Fressinaud ◽  
D Meyer ◽  
JM Freyssinet
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Bleeding History ◽  
Membrane Physiology

An as yet single family with a bleeding history is shown to present the characteristic lack of membrane expression of procoagulant phospholipids observed in Scott syndrome. Low prothrombin consumption in the serum of the propositus, a 71-year-old woman, and two of her children was the sole abnormal hemostasis parameter. The degree of exposure of procoagulant phospholipids, chiefly phosphatidylserine, was reduced in stimulated platelets, erythrocytes and Epstein-Barr virus- infected B lymphocytes. The data are compatible with homozygous status of the propositus and heterozygous status of her children. Scott syndrome appears to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait reflecting the deletion or mutation of a putative outward phosphatidylserine translocase. The detailed knowledge of this transporter could have an impact in membrane physiology.

scholarly journals Congenital Sensorineural Deafness in Australian Stumpy-Tail Cattle Dogs Is an Autosomal Recessive Trait That Maps to CFA10

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e13364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sommerlad ◽  
Allan F. McRae ◽  
Brenda McDonald ◽  
Isobel Johnstone ◽  
Leigh Cuttell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait

scholarly journals Evidence that autosomal recessive spastic cerebral palsy-1 (CPSQ1) is caused by a missense variant in HPDL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil V Morgan ◽  
Bryndis Yngvadottir ◽  
Mary O’Driscoll ◽  
Graeme R Clark ◽  
Diana Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Candidate Mutation

Abstract A subset of individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy will have an underlying genetic diagnosis. Previously, a missense variant in GAD1 was described as a candidate mutation in a single family diagnosed with autosomal recessive spastic cerebral palsy-1 (CPSQ1; OMIM 603513). Following the ascertainment of a further branch of the CPSQ1 kindred, we found that the previously reported GAD1 variant did not segregate with the neurological disease phenotype in the recently ascertained branch of the kindred. Following genetic linkage studies to map autozygous regions and whole-exome sequencing, a missense variant (c.527 T > C; p. Leu176Pro, rs773333490) in the HPDL gene was detected and found to segregate with disease status in both branches of the kindred. HPDL encodes a 371-amino acid protein (4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Like) that localizes to mitochondria but whose function is uncertain. Recently, biallelic loss of function variants and missense substitution-causing variants in HPDL were reported to cause a childhood onset progressive spastic movement disorder with a variable presentation. These findings suggest that HPDL-related neurological disease may mimic spastic cerebral palsy and that GAD1 should not be included in diagnostic gene panels for inherited cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Biallelic Pathogenic GFRA1 Variants Cause Autosomal Recessive Bilateral Renal Agenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Veronica Arora ◽  
Suliman Khan ◽  
Ayman W. El-Hattab ◽  
Ratna Dua Puri ◽  
Maria Eugenia Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Renal Agenesis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Fatal Form

BackgroundCongenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are one of the most common malformations identified in the fetal stage. Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) represents the most severe and fatal form of CAKUT. Only three genes have been confirmed to have a causal role in humans (ITGA8, GREB1L, and FGF20).MethodsGenome sequencing within a diagnostic setting and combined data repository analysis identified a novel gene.ResultsTwo patients presented with BRA, detected during the prenatal period, without additional recognizable malformations. They had parental consanguinity and similarly affected, deceased siblings, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Evaluation of homozygous regions in patient 1 identified a novel, nonsense variant in GFRA1 (NM_001348097.1:c.676C>T, p.[Arg226*]). We identified 184 patients in our repository with renal agenesis and analyzed their exome/genome data. Of these 184 samples, 36 were from patients who presented with isolated renal agenesis. Two of them had loss-of-function variants in GFRA1. The second patient was homozygous for a frameshift variant (NM_001348097.1:c.1294delA, p.[Thr432Profs*13]). The GFRA1 gene encodes a receptor on the Wolffian duct that regulates ureteric bud outgrowth in the development of a functional renal system, and has a putative role in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease.ConclusionsThese findings strongly support the causal role of GFRA1-inactivating variants for an autosomal recessive, nonsyndromic form of BRA. This knowledge will enable early genetic diagnosis and better genetic counseling for families with BRA.

Clinical, Endocrine, and Molecular Genetic Analysis of a Large Cohort of Saudi Arabian Patients with Laron Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Al-Ashwal ◽  
Afaf Al-Sagheir ◽  
Khushnooda Ramzan ◽  
Mohammed Al-Owain ◽  
Rabab Allam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Laron Syndrome ◽  
Phenotype Correlation ◽  
Genotype Phenotype Correlation

Background/Aims: Laron syndrome (LS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by marked short stature and very low serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. This study assessed the clinical and endocrine features alongside determining the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) mutation in Saudi Arabian patients with LS in order to establish whether or not a genotype/phenotype correlation is evident in this large cohort. Subjects and Methods: A total of 40 Saudi Arabian patients with a suspected diagnosis of LS were recruited and subjected to a full clinical and endocrine investigation together with direct sequencing of the coding regions of the GHR gene. Results: GHR mutations were identified in 34 patients from 22 separate nuclear families. All 34 molecularly confirmed patients had the typical clinical and endocrinological manifestations of LS. Eleven different mutations (9 previously unreported) were detected in this cohort of patients, all inherited in an autosomal recessive homozygous form. No genotype/phenotype correlation was apparent. Conclusion: The identification of pathogenic mutations causing LS will be of tremendous use for the molecular diagnosis of patients in Saudi Arabia and the region in general, with respect to prevention of this disease in the forms of future carrier testing, prenatal testing, premarital screening and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

scholarly journals A CASE REPORT: PKP2 GENE C.1592T>G VARIATION IN HOMOZYGOUS FORM IDENTIFIED IN ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSPLASIA PATIENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 631-633
Author(s):  
Luize Bidina ◽  
Kaspars Kupics ◽  
Emma Sokolova ◽  
Mihails Pavlovic ◽  
Zane Dobele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Past History ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia ◽  
Pathogenic Mutation ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Right Ventricular Dysplasia ◽  
Inherited Cardiomyopathy ◽  
History Of

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is an inherited cardiomyopathy. Early recognition and follow up of this disease can reduce sudden cardiac death burden. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We report a case of a young woman aged 26 years with a past history of chest pain and palpitations. During examination, abnormalities were found in results of an electrocardiogram and echocardiography. Genetic testing of the plakophilin 2 (PKP2) gene was done by direct sequencing and genetic variation “NG_009000.1: c.1592T>G” was found in a homozygote form. In family member screening in patients, parents’ variation is found in a heterozygote form, where both are healthy. In all reports, “c.1592T>G” is reported only in a heterozygous state, with no known pathogenicity. We consider that this is possibly a pathogenic mutation, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

Dwarfism in Tibetan Terrier dogs with an LHX3 mutation

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110075
Author(s):  
Tuddow Thaiwong ◽  
Sarah Corner ◽  
Stacey La Forge ◽  
Matti Kiupel
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Deletion Mutation ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Pituitary Dwarfism ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Manner

Canine pituitary dwarfism in German Shepherd and related dog breeds has been reported to be associated with a 7-bp deletion mutation in intron 5 of the LHX3 gene. This mutation is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait that results in dwarf dogs with significantly smaller stature and abnormal haircoat, and potentially early death. Phenotypically, affected adult dogs are proportionally dwarfs. These dwarfs also have a soft, woolly puppy coat that fails to transition into the typical adult hair coat, and marked hair loss occurs in some dogs. We report a similar manifestation of dwarfism in Tibetan Terriers with the same LHX3 mutation. Dwarf Tibetan Terrier puppies were born physically normal but failed to gain weight or to grow at the same rate as their normal littermates. The 7-bp deletion mutation of the LHX3 gene was identified in both alleles of 3 Tibetan Terrier dwarfs from 3 litters, which were biologically related. All parents of these dogs are carriers, confirming transmission of dwarfism in an autosomal recessive manner. Recognition and detection of this mutation will help in guiding future breeding plans to eventually eliminate this trait from Tibetan Terriers.

Trimethylaminuria (‘fish-odour syndrome’): A study of an affected family

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makram Al-Waiz ◽  
Riad Ayesh ◽  
Stephen C. Mitchell ◽  
Jeffrey R. Idle ◽  
Robert L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Inborn Error ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Body Odour

1. Beginning with a single propositus, who had been previously diagnosed at the age of 10 as suffering from trimethylaminuria (fish-odour syndrome), both her parents and two sisters were investigated biochemically with respect to their ability to N-oxidize trimethylamine (TMA), both when derived from the diet and when administered exogenously. 2. Both the propositus and a second sister were markedly deficient in their ability to N-oxidize TMA, both when derived from the diet and when given as such; furthermore, both siblings readily developed the symptoms of fish-odour syndrome as characterized by a strong objectionable breath and body odour shortly after the oral administration of TMA (300 mg). 3. At this dose level of TMA, neither of the parents nor the third sister showed any evidence of impaired N-oxidation ability nor did they experience any ‘fish-odour’ symptoms. 4. With an oral challenge of 600 mg of TMA, both the parents showed a clear impairment of N-oxidation capacity which was not seen in six healthy unrelated volunteers. Both parents experienced a fish-odour syndrome at this level of TMA challenge. 5. The family data support the hypothesis that trimethylaminuria is an inborn error in the ability to N-oxidize TMA which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Furthermore, experience with this family suggests that an oral challenge dose with 600 mg of TMA may be used to identify carriers of the condition.

Characterising the phenotype and mode of inheritance of patients with inherited peripheral neuropathies carrying MME mutations

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 814-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Lupo ◽  
Marina Frasquet ◽  
Ana Sánchez-Monteagudo ◽  
Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro ◽  
Tania García-Sobrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Hereditary Neuropathy ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease ◽  
Hereditary Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

BackgroundMutations in the metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene were initially identified as a cause of autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2). Subsequently, variants in MME were linked to other late-onset autosomal dominant polyneuropathies. Thus, our goal was to define the phenotype and mode of inheritance of patients carrying changes in MME.MethodsWe screened 197 index cases with a hereditary neuropathy of the CMT type or distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) and 10 probands with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) using a custom panel of 119 genes. In addition to the index case subjects, we also studied other clinically and/or genetically affected and unaffected family members.ResultsWe found 17 variants in MME in a total of 20 index cases, with biallelic MME mutations detected in 13 cases from nine families (three in homozygosis and six in compound heterozygosis) and heterozygous variants found in 11 families. All patients with biallelic variants had a similar phenotype, consistent with late-onset axonal neuropathy. Conversely, the phenotype of patients carrying heterozygous mutations was highly variable [CMT type 1 (CMT1), CMT2, dHMN and fALS] and mutations did not segregate with the disease.ConclusionMME mutations that segregate in an autosomal recessive pattern are associated with a late-onset CMT2 phenotype, yet we could not demonstrate that MME variants in heterozygosis cause neuropathy. Our data highlight the importance of establishing an accurate genetic diagnosis in patients carrying MME mutations, especially with a view to genetic counselling.

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