scholarly journals COVID-19 Contact Tracing in Two Counties — North Carolina, June–July 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (38) ◽  
pp. 1360-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ryan Lash ◽  
Catherine V. Donovan ◽  
Aaron T. Fleischauer ◽  
Zack S. Moore ◽  
Gibbie Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
June July

Sea Turtle Bycatch in the Large-Mesh Gillnet Flounder Fishery in Carteret County, North Carolina, USA, June-November 2009

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbie L. Byrd ◽  
Lisa R. Goshe ◽  
Trip Kolkmeyer ◽  
Aleta A. Hohn
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
String Length ◽  
Lepidochelys Kempii ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
June July

Abstract Sea turtle bycatch has been documented in the large-mesh gillnet fishery that targets flounder in estuarine waters of North Carolina (NC). However, only portions of the fishery operated under Endangered Species Act Incidental Take Permits and had regular observer coverage to determine the occurrence and extent of sea turtle bycatch. From June through November 2009, an Alternative Platform Observer Program (APOP) was initiated in southeastern Carteret County, NC, to document turtle entanglements. Observers covered 1.6% of the total number of large-mesh gillnet trips reported (1.1% of landings) and documented turtle bycatch (n = 22) on 36% of the observed trips (12 of 33). Most turtles were recovered alive (n = 15), and all interactions occurred in June, July, and August. Bycaught sea turtle species included 12 greens (Chelonia mydas), 5 Kemp’s ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii), and 5 loggerheads (Caretta caretta). Hauls with bycaught turtles in June had a significantly greater mean string length than those without bycatch (P = 0.02), but despite the institution of regulations limiting string length, no difference was found in mean string length overall before (June) and after (July-November) regulations went into effect. Documented turtle bycatch in this area supports the need for observer coverage across the entire spatio-temporal scope of the fishery at levels necessary for robust bycatch estimates. Representative observer data across longer time series can inform managers where and when bycatch risks are greatest and help in developing mitigation measures that decrease bycatch risk while reducing negative economic impacts on the fishers.

scholarly journals Notes from the Field: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli Outbreak Associated with a Potluck Party — North Carolina, June–July 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 183-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn T.A. Herzig ◽  
Aaron T. Fleischauer ◽  
Brian Lackey ◽  
Nicole Lee ◽  
Thomas Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
June July

scholarly journals COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing in Central Washington State, June–July 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Miller ◽  
Robert A. Bonacci ◽  
R. Ryan Lash ◽  
Patrick K. Moonan ◽  
Peter Houck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Case Investigation ◽  
June July

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Delta vaccine breakthrough transmissibility in Alachua, Florida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Rife Magalis ◽  
Shannan Rich ◽  
Massimiliano S Tagliamonte ◽  
Carla Mavian ◽  
Melanie N. Cash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Alachua County ◽  
Delta Infection ◽  
June July ◽  
Sterilizing Immunity ◽  
Ongoing Evaluation

Background SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has caused a dramatic resurgence in infections in the United Sates, raising questions regarding potential transmissibility among vaccinated individuals. Methods Between October 2020 and July 2021, we sequenced 4,439 SARS-CoV-2 full genomes, 23% of all known infections in Alachua County, Florida, including 109 vaccine breakthrough cases. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between viral load (VL) level and patient characteristics. Contact tracing and phylogenetic analysis were used to investigate direct transmissions involving vaccinated individuals. Results The majority of breakthrough sequences with lineage assignment were classified as Delta variants (74.6%) and occurred, on average, about three months (104 +- 57.5 days) after full vaccination, at the same time (June-July 2021) of Delta variant exponential spread within the county. Six Delta variant transmission pairs between fully vaccinated individuals were identified through contact tracing, three of which were confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. Delta breakthroughs exhibited broad VL values during acute infection (IQR 1.2-8.64 Log copies/ml), on average 38% lower than matched unvaccinated patients (3.29-10.81 Log copies/ml, p<0.00001). Nevertheless, 49-50% of all breakthroughs, and 56-60% of Delta-infected breakthroughs exhibited VL above the transmissibility threshold (4 Log copies/ml) irrespective of time post vaccination. Conclusions Delta infection transmissibility and general VL patterns in vaccinated individuals suggest limited levels of sterilizing immunity that need to be considered by public health policies. In particular, ongoing evaluation of vaccine boosters should address whether extra vaccine doses might curb breakthrough contribution to epidemic spread.

scholarly journals Lost and found: applying network analysis to public health contact tracing for HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana K. Pasquale ◽  
Irene A. Doherty ◽  
Peter A. Leone ◽  
Ann M. Dennis ◽  
Erika Samoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Infectious Disease Surveillance ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Lost And Found ◽  
Network Component

AbstractInfectious disease surveillance is often case-based, focused on people diagnosed and their contacts in a predefined time window, and treated as independent across infections. Network analysis of partners and contacts joining multiple investigations and infections can reveal social or temporal trends, providing opportunities for epidemic control within broader networks. We constructed a sociosexual network of all HIV and early syphilis cases and contacts investigated among residents of 11 contiguous counties in North Carolina over a two-year period (2012–2013). We anchored the analysis on new HIV diagnoses (“indexes”), but also included nodes and edges from syphilis investigations that were within the same network component as any new HIV index. After adding syphilis investigations and deduplicating people included in multiple investigations (entity resolution), the final network comprised 1470 people: 569 HIV indexes, 700 contacts to HIV indexes who were not also new cases themselves, and 201 people who were either indexes or contacts in eligible syphilis investigations. Among HIV indexes, nearly half (48%; n = 273) had no located contacts during single-investigation contact tracing, though 25 (9%) of these were identified by other network members and thus not isolated in the final multiple investigation network. Constructing a sociosexual network from cases and contacts across multiple investigations mitigated some effects of unobserved partnerships underlying the HIV epidemic and demonstrated the HIV and syphilis overlap in these networks.

scholarly journals Association Between Staff Experience and Effective Tuberculosis Contact Tracing in North Carolina, 2008-2009

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
K. E. Bryant ◽  
M. G. Allen ◽  
E. R. Fortenberry ◽  
J. Luffman ◽  
E. Zeringue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Contact Tracing

scholarly journals COVID-19 Data Utilization in North Carolina: A Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Rees Patterson ◽  
Sharita R Thomas ◽  
Donna Shaw ◽  
Julie A Hayes ◽  
Christopher R Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Data Governance

BACKGROUND As the world faced the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, medical professionals, technologists, community leaders, and policymakers sought to understand how best to leverage data for public health surveillance, as well as community education. With this complex public health problem, North Carolinians relied on data from state, federal, and global health organizations to increase their understanding of the pandemic and guide decision making. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the role that stakeholders involved in COVID-19-related data played in managing the pandemic in North Carolina. The study investigated the processes used by organizations throughout the state in using, collecting, and reporting COVID-19 data. METHODS The authors used an exploratory qualitative study design to investigate North Carolina’s COVID-19 data collection efforts. To better understand these processes, key informant interviews were conducted with employees from organizations that collected COVID-19 data across the state. The study team developed an interview guide, and interviews were conducted in an open-ended, semi-structured format. Interviews lasted between 30 and 45 minutes and were conducted by data scientists over the online video conferencing platform, Zoom. Data were subsequently analyzed using qualitative data analysis software. RESULTS Results indicated that electronic health records were primary sources of COVID-19 data. Often, data were also used to create dashboards to inform the public or other health professionals, to aid in decision making, or for reporting purposes. Cross-sector collaboration was cited as a major success in the study. Consistency among metrics and data definitions, data collection processes, and contact tracing were cited as challenges. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that, during future outbreaks, organizations across regions could benefit from data centralization and data governance. Data should be publicly accessible and in a user-friendly format. Additionally, established cross-sector collaboration networks are demonstrably beneficial for public health professionals across the state as these established relationships facilitate a rapid response to evolving public health challenges.

Between ‘Savage Man’ and ‘Most Faithful Englishman’ Manteo and the Early Anglo-Indian Exchange, 1584–1590

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leroy Oberg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anglo Indian

In August of 1587 Manteo, an Indian from Croatoan Island, joined a group of English settlers in an attack on the native village of Dasemunkepeuc, located on the coast of present-day North Carolina. These colonists, amongst whom Manteo lived, had landed on Roanoke Island less than a month before, dumped there by a pilot more interested in hunting Spanish prize ships than in carrying colonists to their intended place of settlement along the Chesapeake Bay. The colonists had hoped to re-establish peaceful relations with area natives, and for that reason they relied upon Manteo to act as an interpreter, broker, and intercultural diplomat. The legacy of Anglo-Indian bitterness remaining from Ralph Lane's military settlement, however, which had hastily abandoned the island one year before, was too great for Manteo to overcome. The settlers found themselves that summer in the midst of hostile Indians.

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