scholarly journals The simplification of computationals in error correction coding

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(59)) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Vasyl Semerenko ◽  
Oleksandr Voinalovich
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Polynomial Complexity ◽  
Linear Codes ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Error Correction Coding

The object of research is the processes of error correction transformation of information in automated systems. The research is aimed at reducing the complexity of decoding cyclic codes by combining modern mathematical models and practical tools. The main prerequisite for the complication of computations in deterministic linear error-correcting codes is the use of the algebraic representation as the main mathematical apparatus for these types of codes. Despite the universalism of the algebraic approach, its main drawback is the impossibility of taking into account the characteristic features of all subclasses of linear codes. In particular, the cyclic property is not taken into account at all for cyclic codes. Taking this property into account, one can go to a fundamentally different mathematical representation of cyclic codes – the theory of linear automata in Galois fields (linear finite-state machine). For the automaton representation of cyclic codes, it is proved that the problem of syndromic decoding of these codes in the general case is an NP-complete problem. However, if to use the proposed hierarchical approach to problems of complexity, then on its basis it is possible to carry out a more accurate analysis of the growth of computational complexity. Correction of single errors during one time interval (one iteration) of decoding has a linear decoding complexity on the length of the codeword, and error correction during m iterations of permutations of codeword bits has a polynomial complexity. According to three subclasses of cyclic codes, depending on the complexity of their decoding: easy decoding (linear complexity), iteratively decoded (polynomial complexity), complicate decoding (exponential complexity). Practical ways to reduce the complexity of computations are considered: alternate use of probabilistic and deterministic linear codes, simplification of software and hardware implementation by increasing the decoding time, use of interleaving. A method of interleaving is proposed, which makes it possible to simultaneously generate the burst errors and replace them with single errors. The mathematical apparatus of linear automata allows solving together the indicated problems of error correction coding.

scholarly journals Projection Decoding of Some Binary Optimal Linear Codes of Lengths 36 and 40

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucky Galvez ◽  
Jon-Lark Kim
Keyword(s):  
Linear Codes ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Decoding Algorithm ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Syndrome Decoding ◽  
Optimal Linear ◽  
Optimal Linear Codes ◽  
Efficient Decoding

Practically good error-correcting codes should have good parameters and efficient decoding algorithms. Some algebraically defined good codes, such as cyclic codes, Reed–Solomon codes, and Reed–Muller codes, have nice decoding algorithms. However, many optimal linear codes do not have an efficient decoding algorithm except for the general syndrome decoding which requires a lot of memory. Therefore, a natural question to ask is which optimal linear codes have an efficient decoding. We show that two binary optimal [ 36 , 19 , 8 ] linear codes and two binary optimal [ 40 , 22 , 8 ] codes have an efficient decoding algorithm. There was no known efficient decoding algorithm for the binary optimal [ 36 , 19 , 8 ] and [ 40 , 22 , 8 ] codes. We project them onto the much shorter length linear [ 9 , 5 , 4 ] and [ 10 , 6 , 4 ] codes over G F ( 4 ) , respectively. This decoding algorithm, called projection decoding, can correct errors of weight up to 3. These [ 36 , 19 , 8 ] and [ 40 , 22 , 8 ] codes respectively have more codewords than any optimal self-dual [ 36 , 18 , 8 ] and [ 40 , 20 , 8 ] codes for given length and minimum weight, implying that these codes are more practical.

scholarly journals The properties and parameters of generic Bose – Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem codes

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
A. V. Kushnerov ◽  
V. A. Lipinski ◽  
M. N. Koroliova
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Error Correcting Code ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Bch Codes ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Polynomial Invariants ◽  
Accurate Evaluation

The Bose – Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem type of linear cyclic codes (BCH codes) is one of the most popular and widespread error-correcting codes. Their close connection with the theory of Galois fields gave an opportunity to create a theory of the norms of syndromes for BCH codes, namely, syndrome invariants of the G-orbits of errors, and to develop a theory of polynomial invariants of the G-orbits of errors. This theory as a whole served as the basis for the development of effective permutation polynomial-norm methods and error correction algorithms that significantly reduce the influence of the selector problem. To date, these methods represent the only approach to error correction with non-primitive BCH codes, the multiplicity of which goes beyond design boundaries. This work is dedicated to a special error-correcting code class – generic Bose – Chaudhuri – Hocquenghem codes or simply GBCH-codes. Sufficiently accurate evaluation of the quantity of such codes in each length was produced during our work. We have investigated some properties and connections between different GBCH-codes. Special attention was devoted to codes with constructive distances of 3 and 5, as those codes are usual for practical use. Their almost complete description is given in the range of lengths from 7 to 107. The paper contains a fairly clear theoretical classification of GBCH-codes. Special attention is paid to the corrective capabilities of the codes of this class, namely, to the calculation of the minimal distances of these codes with various parameters. The codes are found whose corrective capabilities significantly exceed those of the well-known GBCH-codes with the same design parameters.

Some results on the linear codes over the finite ring F2+v1F2+⋯+vrF2

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Dertli ◽  
Yasemin Cengellenmis ◽  
Senol Eren
Keyword(s):  
Linear Codes ◽  
Cyclic Code ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Finite Ring ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Quasi Cyclic Codes

In this paper, we study the structure of cyclic, quasi-cyclic codes and their skew codes over the finite ring [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The Gray images of cyclic, quasi-cyclic, skew cyclic, skew quasi-cyclic codes over [Formula: see text] are obtained. A necessary and sufficient condition for cyclic code over [Formula: see text] that contains its dual has been given. The parameters of quantum error correcting codes are obtained from cyclic codes over [Formula: see text].

On the linear codes over the ring Rp

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Dertli ◽  
Yasemin Cengellenmis ◽  
Senol Eren
Keyword(s):  
Prime Number ◽  
Linear Codes ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Constacyclic Codes ◽  
Nontrivial Automorphism ◽  
Macwilliams Identities ◽  
Skew Cyclic Codes ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Quasi Cyclic Codes

Some results are generalized on linear codes over [Formula: see text] in [15] to the ring [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an odd prime number. The Gray images of cyclic and quasi-cyclic codes over [Formula: see text] are obtained. The parameters of quantum error correcting codes are obtained from negacyclic codes over [Formula: see text]. A nontrivial automorphism [Formula: see text] on the ring [Formula: see text] is determined. By using this, the skew cyclic, skew quasi-cyclic, skew constacyclic codes over [Formula: see text] are introduced. The number of distinct skew cyclic codes over [Formula: see text] is given. The Gray images of skew codes over [Formula: see text] are obtained. The quasi-constacyclic and skew quasi-constacyclic codes over [Formula: see text] are introduced. MacWilliams identities of linear codes over [Formula: see text] are given.

scholarly journals Iterative Soft-Decision Decoding of Binary Cyclic Codes

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Baldi ◽  
Giovanni Cancellieri ◽  
Franco Chiaraluce
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Parity Check ◽  
Soft Decision ◽  
Coding Gain ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Soft Decision Decoding ◽  
Hard Decision

Binary cyclic codes achieve good error correction performance and allow the implementation of very simpleencoder and decoder circuits. Among them, BCH codesrepresent a very important class of t-error correcting codes, with known structural properties and error correction capability. Decoding of binary cyclic codes is often accomplished through hard-decision decoders, although it is recognized that softdecision decoding algorithms can produce significant coding gain with respect to hard-decision techniques. Several approaches have been proposed to implement iterative soft-decision decoding of binary cyclic codes. We study the technique based on “extended parity-check matrices”, and show that such method is not suitable for high rates or long codes. We propose a new approach, based on “reduced parity-check matrices” and “spread parity-check matrices”, that can achieve better correction performance in many practical cases, without increasing the complexity.

CYCLIC CODES THROUGH B[X], $B[X;\frac{1}{kp}Z_{0}]$ AND $B[X;\frac{1}{p^{k}}Z_{0}]$: A COMPARISON

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250078 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARIQ SHAH ◽  
ANTONIO APARECIDO DE ANDRADE
Keyword(s):  
Linear Codes ◽  
Cyclic Codes ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Semigroup Ring ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Generalized Polynomial ◽  
Finite Local Ring ◽  
Polynomial Codes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Appl Math

It is very well known that algebraic structures have valuable applications in the theory of error-correcting codes. Blake [Codes over certain rings, Inform. and Control 20 (1972) 396–404] has constructed cyclic codes over ℤm and in [Codes over integer residue rings, Inform. and Control 29 (1975), 295–300] derived parity check-matrices for these codes. In [Linear codes over finite rings, Tend. Math. Appl. Comput. 6(2) (2005) 207–217]. Andrade and Palazzo present a construction technique of cyclic, BCH, alternant, Goppa and Srivastava codes over a local finite ring B. However, in [Encoding through generalized polynomial codes, Comput. Appl. Math.  30(2) (2011) 1–18] and [Constructions of codes through semigroup ring [Formula: see text] and encoding, Comput. Math. Appl. 62 (2011) 1645–1654], Shah et al. extend this technique of constructing linear codes over a finite local ring B via monoid rings [Formula: see text], where p = 2 and k = 1, 2, respectively, instead of the polynomial ring B[X]. In this paper, we construct these codes through the monoid ring [Formula: see text], where p = 2 and k = 1, 2, 3. Moreover, we also strengthen and generalize the results of [Encoding through generalized polynomial codes, Comput. Appl. Math.30(2) (2011) 1–18] and [Constructions of codes through semigroup ring [Formula: see text]] and [Encoding, Comput. Math. Appl.62 (2011) 1645–1654] to the case of k = 3.

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