scholarly journals Study of Multiple Photoneutron Reactions on 197Au Induced by 2.5 GeV Bremsstrahlung

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hien ◽  
Pham Duc Khue ◽  
Kim Tien Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Van Do
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Neutron Multiplicity ◽  
Bremsstrahlung Energy ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Multichannel Analyzer

We identified eight radionuclides \(^{196}\)Au, \(^{195}\)Au, \(^{194}\)Au, \(^{193}\)Au, \(^{192}\)Au, \(^{191}\)Au, \(^{190}\)Au, \(^{189}\)Au formed via the multiple photoneutron reactions \(^{197}\)Au\((\gamma ,kn)^{197 - k}\)Au with 2.5 GeV\break bremsstrahlung. The yields of radionuclides that decay by emitting \(\gamma \)-ray were measured using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a PC-based multichannel analyzer. In order to improve the accuracy of the experimental results the necessary corrections were made. The obtained results are compared with reference data and the variations of the \(^{197}\)Au(\(\gamma \),kn)\(^{197 - k}\)Au reaction yields according to incident bremsstrahlung energy and neutron multiplicity are also discussed.

Using a clinical linac to determine the energies of gamma-ray transitions and half-lives of barium nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Abdullah Engin Çalık ◽  
Kaan Manisa ◽  
Ahmet Biçer ◽  
Mehmet Erdoğan ◽  
Mürsel Şen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photonuclear Reactions ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
First Time

Photonuclear reactions have great importance in understanding the structure of the nuclei. These reactions, performed using the gamma rays obtained by way of bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched barium sample was activated for the first time by using a clinical linear accelerator (cLINACs). The spectrum of barium radioisotopes was obtained by using a gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The obtained spectroscopic data were analyzed and energy levels and half-life values together with their uncertainties were obtained. Some energy levels and half-lives of [Formula: see text]Ba were determined with more precision than those of literature values.

High-Purity Germanium Technology for Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Darken ◽  
C. E. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Ground State ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hole Capture ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Energy Gamma

ABSTRACTHigh-purity germanium (HPGe) for gamma-ray spectroscopy is a mature technology that continues to evolve. Detector size is continually increasing, allowing efficient detection of higher energy gamma rays and improving the count rate and minimum detectable activity for lower energy gamma rays. For low-energy X rays, entrance window thicknesses have been reduced to where they are comparable to those in Si(Li) detectors. While some limits to HPGe technology are set by intrinsic properties, the frontiers have historically been determined by the level of control over extrinsic properties. The point defects responsible for hole trapping are considered in terms of the “standard level” model for hole capture. This model originates in the observation that the magnitude and temperature dependence of the cross section for hole capture at many acceptors in germanium is exactly that obtained if all incident s-wave holes were captured. That is, the capture rate is apparently limited by the arrival rate of holes that can make an angular-momentum-conserving transition to a s ground state. This model can also be generalized to other materials, where it may serve as an upper limit for direct capture into the ground state for either electrons or holes. The capture cross section for standard levels σS.L. is given bywhere g is the degeneracy of the ground state of the center after capture, divided by the degeneracy before capture. Mc is the number of equivalent extrema in the band structure for the carrier being captured, mo is the electronic mass, m* is the effective mass, and T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin.

scholarly journals Cross Sections for the \(^{nat}\)Zr\((p,xn)^{89,90}\)Nb Reactions Induced by 27.7 MeV Protons

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Duc Khue ◽  
Nguyen Van Do ◽  
Le Tuan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Mev Protons

The cross-sections for the formation of \(^{89}\)Nb and  \(^{90}\)Nb radionuclides in proton induced nuclear reactions on zirconium  were measured by using the well known activation method. The natural  zirconium (\(^{nat}\)Zr) target and copper (\(^{nat}\)Cu) monitor foils were  irradiated by 27.7 MeV proton beam at the MC50 Cyclotron of the Korea  Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Korea. The induced  gamma activities of the reaction products were measured by a coaxial high  purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a PC-based multichannel  analyzer. The obtained cross sections for each nuclide are compared with  those existing in literature and with the theoretical cross sections  calculated by the TALYS - 1.4 code.

High-purity germanium Gamma-Ray Spectrometer with stirling cycle cryocooler

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1927-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Kobayashi ◽  
N. Hasebe ◽  
T. Miyachi ◽  
T. Doke ◽  
J. Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Stirling Cycle ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
High Purity Germanium

An overview on radiometric assessment and excess lifetime cancer risk of soil in Pakistan by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-543
Author(s):  
Jalil ur Rehman ◽  
Iftikhar Alam ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Aslam Hameed ◽  
Alia Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare the natural radioactivity and excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) factor of soil in different regions of Pakistan during last decade. Soil contains various elements and compounds including naturally occurring radioactive elements (238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs). Human being, animals and plants are in health risk by contaminations of natural radioactivity in soil and environmental radiometric pollution. Transferring of large amount of the natural radioactive elements in human body by nutrients may cause carcinogenic effects in human body. Pakistani soil has six types as Indus Basin Soil, Bongar Soil, Khaddar Soil, Indus delta soil, Mountainous soil and Sandy Desert Soil. In some northern region of Pakistan, naturally occurring radioactive rocks like uranuium-238 and iridium concentrations present in Gharwandi, Aram, Kingri S, Vitakri Fort Munro, Dera Bugti, Kohlu and Sibbi districts.MethodsIn this reviewed data, gamma rays spectroscopy used to determine the concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K with the help of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Only the data of HPGe detector collected because of comparisons of different regions of Pakistan.Results and conclusionsMostly, different gamma rays energy peaks of relevant daughter radionuclides of radioactive element were used such as the energy peak lines of daughter radionuclides 214Pb (295.21 and 352 KeV) and 214Bi (609 and 1,120 KeV) used for calculating the 226Ra concentration in soil. In the recent study, it is concluded that average values of concentrations of natural radioactivity in soil in central and north regions of Pakistan are higher than permissible limit but found permissible range in south region of Pakistan. Mean values of ELCR factor were found higher, equal and lower in central, north and south regions than permissible limit, respectively. Generally, no serious health hazard due to natural radioactivity in soil were found.

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