scholarly journals Performance testing and comparative study of natural radioactivity in soil samples using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector

MethodsX ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101397
Author(s):  
Christian BANGOU ◽  
Francis OTOO ◽  
Emmanuel Ofori DARKO
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Purity Germanium

An overview on radiometric assessment and excess lifetime cancer risk of soil in Pakistan by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-543
Author(s):  
Jalil ur Rehman ◽  
Iftikhar Alam ◽  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Aslam Hameed ◽  
Alia Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Purity Germanium

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare the natural radioactivity and excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) factor of soil in different regions of Pakistan during last decade. Soil contains various elements and compounds including naturally occurring radioactive elements (238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs). Human being, animals and plants are in health risk by contaminations of natural radioactivity in soil and environmental radiometric pollution. Transferring of large amount of the natural radioactive elements in human body by nutrients may cause carcinogenic effects in human body. Pakistani soil has six types as Indus Basin Soil, Bongar Soil, Khaddar Soil, Indus delta soil, Mountainous soil and Sandy Desert Soil. In some northern region of Pakistan, naturally occurring radioactive rocks like uranuium-238 and iridium concentrations present in Gharwandi, Aram, Kingri S, Vitakri Fort Munro, Dera Bugti, Kohlu and Sibbi districts.MethodsIn this reviewed data, gamma rays spectroscopy used to determine the concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K with the help of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Only the data of HPGe detector collected because of comparisons of different regions of Pakistan.Results and conclusionsMostly, different gamma rays energy peaks of relevant daughter radionuclides of radioactive element were used such as the energy peak lines of daughter radionuclides 214Pb (295.21 and 352 KeV) and 214Bi (609 and 1,120 KeV) used for calculating the 226Ra concentration in soil. In the recent study, it is concluded that average values of concentrations of natural radioactivity in soil in central and north regions of Pakistan are higher than permissible limit but found permissible range in south region of Pakistan. Mean values of ELCR factor were found higher, equal and lower in central, north and south regions than permissible limit, respectively. Generally, no serious health hazard due to natural radioactivity in soil were found.

scholarly journals Cross Sections for the \(^{nat}\)Zr\((p,xn)^{89,90}\)Nb Reactions Induced by 27.7 MeV Protons

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Duc Khue ◽  
Nguyen Van Do ◽  
Le Tuan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Mev Protons

The cross-sections for the formation of \(^{89}\)Nb and  \(^{90}\)Nb radionuclides in proton induced nuclear reactions on zirconium  were measured by using the well known activation method. The natural  zirconium (\(^{nat}\)Zr) target and copper (\(^{nat}\)Cu) monitor foils were  irradiated by 27.7 MeV proton beam at the MC50 Cyclotron of the Korea  Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Korea. The induced  gamma activities of the reaction products were measured by a coaxial high  purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a PC-based multichannel  analyzer. The obtained cross sections for each nuclide are compared with  those existing in literature and with the theoretical cross sections  calculated by the TALYS - 1.4 code.

scholarly journals Study the radioactive concentration for soil samples contaminated with depleted uranium in Al-Nahrawan site at Baghdad governorate using high purity germanium detector

2021 ◽  
Vol 2114 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
B. H. Essa ◽  
M.A. Siyah ◽  
A.H. Al-Mashhadani
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Gamma Analysis ◽  
Radioactive Concentration ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
K Concentration

Abstract This study is investigating the radioactivity in soil samples at the Al-Nahrawan site. The radiation survey appears there are 3000 square meters area are contaminated with DU in AL-Nahrawan site identified using Geiger–Müller (GM) for radiation survey and gamma spectrometry for 52 soil samples analysis taken from AL-Nahrawan site at different depths (0-70) cm and different locations. The results of gamma analysis using high-purity germanium show that the ratio between 235U/238U is less than 0.00720 (neutral ratio), and it has different values from 0.002-0.00588, and the average value of radioactive nuclides concentration for (238U, 235U and 40K) are (76019.61, 259.55 and 147.5) Bq/kg respectively, these values are higher than the (BG) radioactive concentration levels in Iraq for (238U and 235U) isotopes, and the analysis of 40K concentration appeared in the acceptable limits. The health effects of depleted uranium in the human body it is exposed to many health troubles through the entry of uranium oxide particles.

scholarly journals Ratio of spectral averaged cross sections measured in standard 252Cf(sf) and 235U(nth,f) neutron fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 19004
Author(s):  
Martin Schulc ◽  
Michal Kostal ◽  
Roberto Capote ◽  
Evzen Novak ◽  
Nicola Burianova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Fission Neutron ◽  
Neutron Field ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
High Purity Germanium

The results of systematic evaluations of spectrum averaged cross section (SACS) measurements in the fission neutron fields of 252Cf and 235U are presented. The data form a complete database of high-threshold experimental SACS measured in the same installation under the same conditions and using the same high purity germanium gamma spectrometer. This is crucial to reduce the uncertainty of the ratio and the data scattering and therefore, to minimize discrepancies compared to cross section measured under different conditions in different laboratories. This new dataset complements and extends earlier experimental evaluations. The total emission of the 252Cf neutron source during the experiments varied from 9.5E8 to 4.5E8 neutrons per second. The emission was derived in accordance to the data in the Certificate of Calibration involving absolute flux measurements in a manganese sulphate bath. Concerning 235U fission neutron field, the irradiations were carried out in a specifically designed core assembled in the zero power light water LR-0 reactor. This special core has a well described neutron field. After the irradiation, the low volume irradiated samples to be measured by gamma spectrometry were placed directly on the upper cap of a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector in a vertical configuration (ORTEC GEM35P4). High volume samples were homogenized and strewn into the Marinelli beaker. The HPGe detector is surrounded by the lead shielding box with a thin inner copper cladding and covered with rubber for suppression of background signal and bremsstrahlung. The experimental reaction rates were derived for irradiated samples from the Net Peak Areas (NPA) measured using the semiconductor HPGe detector. The measured reaction rates are used to derive the spectrum-averaged cross sections. Furthermore, measured reaction rates are also compared with MCNP6 calculations using various nuclear data libraries, in particular IRDFF evaluations.

Development of gamma spectrometric method for the determination of thorium in phosphoric acid solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Mirashi ◽  
Satyajeet Chaudhury ◽  
S. K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Solution ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
High Purity Germanium

AbstractGamma spectrometric determination of thorium in sintered thoria dissolved in strong phosphoric acid was studied using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector.

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