scholarly journals Captive culture of two sea snake species Hydrophis curtus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4A) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Nguyen Trung Kien ◽  
Hua Thai An ◽  
Huynh Minh Sang ◽  
Do Huu Hoang ◽  
Cao Van Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sea Snake ◽  
Snake Species ◽  
Prey Capture Rate

Acclimation culture and trial culture of two sea snake species Hydrophis curtus and H. cyanocinctus in composite tanks were conducted to determine growth, survival rate, predation behavior and prey selection. The results showed that adults of H. curtus and H. cyanocinctus did not capture any prey such as anchovy, eel and shrimp in a period of 30 days of acclimation culture. The body weight of two these species reduced gradually from 783.3 ± 76.4 g and 360.0 ± 60.0 g to 660.0 ± 135.2 g and 315.0 ± 77.8 g, respectively. Survival rate was 100% in H. curtus and 80% in H. cyanocinctus. Meanwhile, the results of acclimation culture of sea snake juvenile revealed that frozen anchovy was preferred prey in both of two species. The body weight of H. curtus increased from 49.8 ± 0.5 g to 70.0 ± 8.2 g and that of H. cyanocinctus was 44.3 ± 3.1 g to 47.1 ± 5.2 g. The prey capture rate of H. curtus and H. cyanocinctus was 100% and 60%, respectively. Survival rate of the juvenile of two species was 100% after 30 days of acclimation culture. In 60 days of trial culture, similar results as acclimation culture were observed in adults of two sea snake species, they still did not capture any prey and the body weight reduced gradually. The result of 60-day culture of sea snake juvenile showed that the prey capture rate was 100% in both of two species. The body weight of H. curtus and H. cyanocinctus increased from 70.0 ± 8.2 g and 57.5 ± 5.8 g to 78.3 ± 15.3 g and 65.0 ± 14.1, respectively. SGR of H. curtus was 0.16 ± 0.32 %/day and that of H. cyanocinctus was 0.52 ± 0.36%/day. The survival rate of H. curtus and H. cyanocinctus was 60% and 40% in period of 60 day trial.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN LARVA DAN PRODUKSI BENIH IKAN KERAPU BEBEK Cromileptes altivelis Valenciennes, 1828 HASIL BUDIDAYA TURUNAN KE-3

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-600
Author(s):  
Regina Melianawati ◽  
Ni Wayan Widya Astuti ◽  
. Tridjoko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Length

ABSTRAKKetersediaan induk dalam suatu usaha pembenihan memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Namun demikian, ketersediaan induk yang berasal dari alam sangat terbatas jumlahnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan penyediaan calon induk yang berasal dari hasil budidaya. Ikan kerapu bebek Cromileptes altivelis Valenciennes, 1828 turunan pertama (F-1) dan turunan kedua (F-2) sudah dapat diproduksi dari hasil budidaya, namun benih turunan ketiga (F-3) belum dapat diperoleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik morfologis dan pertumbuhan larva ikan kerapu bebek F-3 sebagai calon induk F-3, serta tingkat keberhasilan produksi benihnya. Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan dalam hatchery hingga larva menjadi benih. Parameter yang diamati meliputi panjang total dan panjang duri sirip larva, berat tubuh larva serta sintasan dan jumlah produksi benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang total larva umur 5, 15, 25 dan 35 hari, masing-masing adalah 3,20±0,07; 4,42±1,11; 8,35±1,12 dan 12,51±3,23 mm. Duri sirip mulai terukur pada larva umur 15 hari. Berat larva umur 30 hari adalah 0,11±0,04 g. Pola pertumbuhan panjang total dan berat tubuh larva adalah eksponensial, sedangkan pola pertumbuhan duri siripnya adalah linier. Masa pemeliharaan larva hingga menjadi benih adalah ± 40 hari. Jumlah benih ikan kerapu bebek F-3 yang diproduksi dalam satu kali siklus pemeliharaan berkisar 440 hingga 2.300 ekor dari 50 ekor induk dan 3 kali siklus pemijahan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 1,30% hingga 8,80%. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa ikan kerapu bebek F-3 dapat diproduksi dari hasil budidaya seperti halnya pada F-1 dan F-2. ABSTRACTBroodstocks are the most important part of humpback grouper culture, but their availability in nature are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to produce broodstock candidates from culture. The first (F-1) and the second (F-2) generation of humpback grouper have already been produced but the third generation (F-3) production is still on the way. This study was conducted to find out morphological characteristic of the third generation (F-3) of humpback grouper larvae as the candidate of the third generation of broodstock, larval growth and the success rate of seed production. Larvae rearing was done in hatchery until larvae metamorphosed to be seeds. Observed variables including larval total length and spine length, larval body weight, survival rate and the juvenile productions. The study result showed the total length of 5, 15, 25 and 35 days old larvae were 3.20±0.07; 4.42±1.11; 8.35±1.12 and 12.51±3.23 mm, respectively. The spine began measured on 15 days old larvae. The body weight of 30 days old larvae was 0.11±0.04 g. The growth pattern of larval total length and body weight were exponential, while the growth of spine was linear. Rearing period from larvae to juveniles was 40 days. Number of F-3 seed production of humpback grouper produced from once rearing cycle range between 440 and 2,300 fish and the survival rate range from 1.30% up to 8.80%. Therefore, this study could indicate that seed of F-3 humpback grouper can be produced as those of F-1 and F-2.

scholarly journals Hatchability, Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Survival of Normal Feathered Local, Sasso-rir and Their F1-cross Chickens Under on-station Management Condition in Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
shewangizaw woltamo wolde ◽  
Tadele Mirkena ◽  
Aberra Melesse ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
Solomon Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
F1 Cross

Abstract The Normal Feathered local chicken (LL), Sasso-RIR (SRSR) and their F1-cross (LSR) chickens were hatched to evaluated for egg hatchability, growth performance, feed efficiency and survival rate. After 14-days of brooding, 150 chicks of each genotype were randomly selected and further replicated in to five pens in a deep litter grower house consisting of 30 chicks each in a completely randomized design, and evaluated for a period of 16-weeks. Hatchability of fertile eggs was highest for LL (80.0 %), intermediate for LSR (68.6%) and lowest for SRSR (55.9%) chickens. The body weight (BW) of chicks at 2-weeks of age was 80.0, 76.3 and 61.5 g/bird for SRSR, LSR, and LL, respectively, the latter being the lowest (p<0.05). The respective BW at 8-weeks of age was 732, 587 and 451 g while at 18-weeks it was 1877, 1379 and 1070 g/bird and different from each other (p<0.05). During 3- to 8-weeks and 9- to 18-weeks growth periods, the LL chickens were inferior (p< 0.05) in feed intake (29.7 and 66.9 g/d/bird) whereas the SRSR chickens were superior (p< 0.05) in body weight gain (15.5 and 16.3 g/d/bird) and feed conversion ratio (2.67 and 5.35 g feed/ g gain), respectively. The mortality rate of chicken was not affected by genotypes. It can be concluded that the exotic blood of Sasso-RIR chicken had played a significant role in upgrading the growth rate and market weight of the local Normal Feathered chicken without adverse effect on hatchability, feed efficiency, and survival rate.

An experimental analysis of prey availability for sanderlings (Aves: Scolopacidae) feeding on sandy beach crustaceans

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1564-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Myers ◽  
S. L. Williams ◽  
F. A. Pitelka
Keyword(s):  
Prey Density ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Prey Capture Rate ◽  
Bodega Bay

We investigated the role of prey size, prey depth, prey microdistribution, and substrate penetrability in affecting prey availability to sanderlings (Calidris alba Pallas). Five experiments were performed in the laboratory manipulating these availability factors and prey density in beach sand. The effects on prey risk and sanderling prey capture rate were measured.Prey risk increased linearly with prey size. Prey within 10 mm of the surface were vulnerable to predation but their risk decreased sharply below that depth. Substrate penetrability affected prey risk by controlling how deeply a sanderling could probe beneath the sand surface while searching for prey.Prey capture rates varied between 0.01 and 0.84 captures per second of search time over a range of prey density between 60 and 1200 prey per square metre. Prey size and substrate penetrability affected capture rate through their effect on prey risk, and substrate penetrability also influenced capture rate directly. Prey density had the strongest effect on prey capture rate. Measurements in the field around Bodega Bay, California, indicate that prey density, prey size, prey depth, and substrate penetrability can have significant impact on sanderling foraging under field conditions.

Behavioral Energetics of Overwintering in the Rifleman, Acanthisitta-Chloris

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lill
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Prey Capture Rate ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The role of behavioural adjustments in meeting increased daily energy requirements in winter was investigated in rifleman, Acanthisitta chloris, inhabiting lowland forest in South I., New Zealand, by comparing their population density, time-activity budget and foraging behaviour in autumn and winter. Rifleman foraged for 83% of daytime in both seasons. The combined effects on the birds' winter energy budget of increased thermoregulation costs and the shorter daylength for foraging were at least partly offset by an estimated 23-29% decrease in the amount of energy expended daily on activity and a 78% increment in prey caught per day. The reduced energy expenditure on activity resulted from rifleman spending less time on expensive flying and more time roosting. The increase in prey capture rate may have stemmed from a 35% seasonal reduction in the birds' population density and reduced prey mobility at lower ambient temperatures. Marked sexual size dimorphism was not reflected in gender differences in activity budgeting or prey capture rate, but the sexes differed in their relative use of foraging substrates. Rifleman showed few seasonal changes in daily activity rhythm or microhabitat use. The behavioural energetic overwintering tactics of rifleman are compared with those of other Australasian and north temperate zone land-birds.

Growth of lambs receiving a supplementary milk replacer or reared traditionally in a flock of Polish Heath sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Witold Rant ◽  
Marta Luisa Augustin ◽  
Aurelia Radzik-Rant ◽  
Emil Orłowski ◽  
Magdalena Bednarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Supplementary Feed

The aim of the study was to compare the body weight gain and survival rate of lambs receiving a milk replacer as supplementary feed with lambs reared traditionally. The research was conducted in a flock of Polish Heath sheep. Of 244 lambs born, 42 lambs from multiple births were given supplementary feed. The lambs received the milk replacer until the 35th day of rearing. Body weight was monitored at birth and on days 28, 56 and 100 of life. Reproductive parameters and survival rate of lambs were derived from breeding documentation. There were no significant differences in the survival rate of lambs in the two groups, which was above 80%. The average birth weight of lambs reared traditionally and of those receiving the milk replacer was similar. During the entire rearing period, the lambs that required supplementary feeding grew more slowly. Twin lambs receiving the supplement and twin lambs reared traditionally had similar body weight and daily gains up to the 56th day of life, but the twin lambs receiving supplementary feed had a significantly lower body weight at day 100 and growth rate during the entire rearing period. The growth rate of triplets fed supplementary milk replacer was not significantly different from that of triplets reared traditionally in any period of the study.

scholarly journals RADE-OFFS DAN COST OF PLASTICITY SIFAT PERTUMBUHAN DAN REPRODUKSI PADA PERSILANGAN UDANG GALAH (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) DALAM SALINITAS BERBEDA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Wartono Hadie ◽  
Irin Iriana Kusmini ◽  
Lies Emmawati Hadie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh salinitas pada karakter pertumbuhan dan reproduksi dalam bentuk trade-offs dan cost of plasticity. Benih udang galah dengan bobot 0,01 ± 0,012 g dipelihara pada tiga level salinitas 0‰, 10‰, dan 15‰ dengan tiga ulangan. Sembilan persilangan diperoleh dari perkawinan antar dan dalam strain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada salinitas 10‰, udang memperlambat pertumbuhan sebesar 16,4% dan pada salinitas 15‰ memperlambat pertumbuhan 34,5%. Trade-offs terjadi dengan menurunkan fekunditas sebesar 0,47% pada salinitas 10‰, dan sebesar 18,73% pada salinitas 15‰. Sintasan udang mengalami penurunan sebesar 33,04% pada salainitas 10‰, dan 41,99% pada salinitas 15‰. Pertumbuhan udang terbaik terjadi pada salinitas 0‰ dengan rataan bobot mencapai 25,16 g, sintasan sebesar 63,17%, dan fekunditas berjumlah 23.384 butir telur.Research aimed to evaluated the effects of growth and reproduction trait in salinity expressed on the trade-offs and cost of plasticity. Giant prawn juvenile 0.01 ± 0.012 g of body weight were reared at three different salinities level i.e. 0‰, 10‰, and 15‰ with three replications. Nine crosses strain were obtained from cross breeding between and within strain. Result of research indicated that salinity of 10‰, prawn slower the growth equal to 16.4% and at salinity of 15‰ slower the growth up to 34.5%. Trade-offs happened by decreasing fecundity equal to 0.47% and 18.73% at salinity 10‰ and 15‰ respectively. Decreased of survival rate were 33.04% and 41.99% at salinity 10‰ and 15‰ respectively. The best performance is that salinity of 0‰ are 25.16 g, 63.17%, and 23,384 eggs for the body weight, survival rate, and fecundity respectively.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL AND RESPONSE MOLTING OF MUD CRAB (Scylla olivacea) INJECTED WITH MURBEY (Morus spp.) LEAVE EXTRACT

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Herlinah ◽  
Andi Tenriulo ◽  
Early Septiningsih ◽  
Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Soft Shell ◽  
Morus Spp

The soft shell crab productivity has been hampered due to the long rearing time and unsimultaneous molting of the crab. This study aimed to determine the effect of murbey (Morus spp.) leave extract as molting stimulant on Scylla olivacea and its best extract dosage to be applied in soft shell crabs production technology. Application of murbey extract was conducted by using injection method with 5 treatments such as (a) 0 ppm (as control); (b) 100 ppm; (c) 125 ppm; and (d) 150 ppm for 12 individual per treatment. The results showed that the highest molting percentage (50%) was obtained at the concentration of 100 ppm. Meanwhile, the control (0 ppm), 125 ppm, and 150 ppm treatments displayed the same molting response (33.3%). The fastest latent molting time (29 days) was found at the treatment of  125 ppm and the slowest one of 44 days at  100 and 150 ppm treatments. The best growth of crabs injected with murbey leaves extract was at the concentration of 100 ppm with the carapace width of 6.0 mm and the body weight of 32.98 g, while the lowest was obtained at the concentration of 150 ppm with the carapace width of 3.8 mm and the body weight of 25.43 g. Crabs treated with murbey extract at the concentrations of 100, 125, and 150 ppm exhibited survival rate of 91.7 % vs. the control of 83.3%. Murbey leaves extract have been proven to be effective in stimulating molting mud crab (Scylla olivacea). The 100 ppm exhibited the best response for growth and molting percentage, while the 125 ppm showed the best performance for latent period molting of the crab. Keywords: molting response, survival rate, Scylla olivacea, murbei leaves, Morus spp.

scholarly journals The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Arum orientale on CLP-Induced Sepsis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Setare Soleimanipour ◽  
Mehdi Kian ◽  
Sanaz Hamedeyazdan ◽  
Nasrin Movahhedin ◽  
Faranak Ghaderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Double Edge Sword

Background: Sepsis is a lethal clinical syndrome that results from dysregulated systemic inflammatory response of the body due to the invasion of pathogens, especially bacteria. Despite advances in medical care and therapy, sepsis is still one of the major causes of death in intensive care units and no decisive medical treatment is available against that. Studies have suggested that some Arum species have anti-bacterial properties. The present study investigated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Arum orientale, on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis in rats. Methods: CLP method was used for induction of sepsis in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract of A. orientale was injected intraperitoneally with doses of 80 and 640 mg/Kg body weight at times of 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after the surgery. Antibacterial activity, hemodynamic parameters, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and survival rate were measured after 72 h. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of A. orientale showed antibacterial activities as potent as gentamycin against Escherichia coli. Administration of the extract with a dose of 80 mg/Kg body weight increased significantly hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure (p<0.05)and decreased optical density (OD) (p<0.05) of blood. The extract also increased serum MPO activity (p<0.01) and reduced survival rate to 20%. Conclusion: This study for the first time showed that hydroalcoholic extract of A. oriental acts as a double edge sword in the treatment of CLP-induced sepsis. This extract showed antibacterial properties and also improved hemodynamic parameters but decreased survival rate, that might be through pro-inflammatory effects.

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