scholarly journals Effects of alcohol extract from defatted soybean meal on bile acid level, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility of pompano (Trachinotus blochii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phuc Hung ◽  
Do Van Thinh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Bile Acid Level ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Trachinotus Blochii

Defatted soybean meal (SBM), which is produced by defatting soybean with solvents, has been considered as the most cost-effective substitute for fish meal (FM) in fish diets. However, SBM contains alcohol-soluble components which may interfere with growth performance and digestive physiology of fish. This study examined the effects of alcohol extract (Ext) containing alcohol-soluble components extracted from SBM on bile acid level, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility of pompano Trachinotus blochii. SBM was processed and separated into Ext and ethanol-extracted SBM (ESBM), thus, ESBM was SBM without alcohol-soluble components. Four experimental diets were formulated, denoted as FMD (FM-based diet), SBMD (SBM-based diet), ESBMD (ESBM-based diet), and ESBM+ExtD (ESBM-based diet plus Ext). Each diet was fed to two groups of fish (20 fish/group, 25 g/fish) for 4 weeks. Results showed that plasma lipid components, anterior intestinal bile acid level, anterior intestinal trypsin and lipase activities, and protein and lipid apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of SBMD -fed fish were similar to those of ESBM+ExtD-fed fish. These parameters were significantly lower in SBMD-fed and ESBM+ExtD-fed fish than in ESBMD-fed and FMD-fed fish (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma total cholesterol level, trypsin activity, and protein ADC between ESBMD and FMD groups, however, total bile acid level, lipase activity, and lipid ADC were significantly lower in ESBMD -fed fish than fish fed FMD (P < 0.05). These results indicated that alcohol extract containing alcohol-soluble components extracted from SBM inhibited the secretions of bile acids and pancreatic digestive enzymes in pompano fish, and these abnormalities might impair nutrient digestion and absorption. The findings of the present study suggested that removing alcohol extract and supplementation of taurine could be effective for improving nutritional quality of SBM and enhancing feed utilization and growth performance of pompano which were fed SBM-based diets.  

scholarly journals Biliary lipid composition and gallstone formation in rabbits fed on soy protein, cholesterol, casein and modified casein

1989 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Biliary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Bile Acid Concentration ◽  
Bile Acid Level ◽  
Lithogenic Index ◽  
Biliary Lipid Composition

In four experimental groups, rabbits were fed on diets containing soy beans, soy beans plus cholesterol (1%, w/w), casein and modified casein for 8 weeks. Biliary lipid levels, lithogenic-index values and the rate of gallstone formation were determined. The highest mean relative concentrations (mol%) of cholesterol and phospholipid were found in the soy bean + cholesterol group, and the highest mean relative bile acid concentration was in the soy bean group. The lowest mean relative cholesterol and phospholipid values were found in the soy bean and modified casein groups respectively. The lowest mean relative bile acid level was in the soy bean + cholesterol group. The highest lithogenic index and rate of gallstone formation were in the soy bean + cholesterol group, and the lowest values were in the soy bean group. The modification of casein used was effective in decreasing the lithogenic effect of casein on gallstone formation.

scholarly journals Effects of chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weaned pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
B. Shi ◽  
S. Yan ◽  
J. Li ◽  
T. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Weaned Pigs

The present experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities in weaned pigs. A total of 180 weaned pigs (35 days of age, 11.56 &plusmn; 1.61 kg of body weight (BW)) were selected and assigned randomly to 5 treatments containing 0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan per kg feed, respectively. Each treatment involved six replicate pens and six pigs per pen. On days 14 and 28, all pigs were weighed and six from each treatment (one from each replicate pen) were killed, and the contents of the stomach, jejunum, and rectum were collected and used for determining nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. The results showed that supplementation of chitosan improved quadratically average daily gain (ADG) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, dietary chitosan quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) increased apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) on days 14 and 28, and quadratically increased apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) on day 14 and of Ca and P on day 28, whereas decreased (P &lt; 0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract in comparison with the control diet. In addition, dietary chitosan quadratically increased (P = 0.062) amylase activity of proximal jejunum and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) lipase activity of distal jejunum compared with the control. These data indicated that diets supplemented with increasing levels of chitosan (0, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg chitosan per kg) quadratically improved ADG of weaned pigs. The growth-promoting action was achieved probably by improved digestibility of major nutrients (DM, CP, Ca, and&nbsp;P) and increased amylase activity of jejunum. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of Corn Particle Size on the Particle Size of Intestinal Digesta or Feces and Nutrient Digestibility of Corn–Soybean Meal Diets for Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Qingtao Gao ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Fangkun Dang ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Duodenal Fluid ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Corn Particle Size

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size on the particle size of intestinal digesta or feces and nutrient digestibility of corn–soybean meal diets. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 21.9 ± 1.62 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 pigs. A T-cannula was surgically placed in the anterior duodenum (about 50 cm from pylorus) of pigs in Groups 1 and 2 or in the distal ileum of pigs in Groups 3 and 4. Corn used to formulate diets had mean particle size (MPS) of 365 µm (Corn 1) or 682 µm (Corn 2), resulting in diets with MPS of 390 µm (Diet 1) or 511 μm (Diet 2). Diet 1 or 2 were randomly assigned within pig Groups 1 or 2 and 3 or 4. The digestive enzyme activities of duodenal fluid, particle size of intestinal digesta and feces, as well as nutrient digestibility, were determined for each pig as the experiment unit. The MPS of duodenal digesta (181 vs. 287 µm, p < 0.01), ileal digesta (253 vs. 331 µm, p < 0.01), and feces (195 vs. 293 µm, p < 0.01) was significantly reduced for pigs fed Diet 1 vs. Diet 2, respectively. Compared with Diet 2, Diet 1 significantly reduced the proportion of particles above 0.5 mm, but significantly increased the proportion of particles between 0.072 and 0.5 mm (p < 0.01) in digesta and feces (p < 0.01). Diet 1 significantly increased solubles percentage (<0.072 mm) in duodenal digesta (p < 0.05) but did not affect solubles percentage in ileal digesta and feces. The MPS of diet did not affect the activities of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the duodenal fluid and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in pigs offered Diet 1 compared to Diet 2. The in vitro digestible energy (IVDE) (3706 vs. 3641 kcal/kg; p = 0.03) was greater for Corn 1 vs. Corn 2. However, no significant difference was observed in IVDE (3574 vs. 3561 kcal/kg; p = 0.47) for Diet 1 vs. Diet 2. In conclusion, the particle size of digesta and feces was dependent on the dietary particle size. However, the digestive enzyme activities of duodenal fluid and ATTD of energy and nutrients were not affected by reducing dietary MPS from 511 to 390 µm.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Clinical Analysis of the Serum Bile Acid Alteration Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanrun Zhu ◽  
Zijian Chen ◽  
Wendong You ◽  
Yadong Wang ◽  
Mengdi Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acid Level ◽  
Group Regression

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause damage to peripheral organ systems, such as digestive organ system, and alterations of gut microbiota in addition to brain injury. Our previous study found that TBI induced gastrointestinal dysfunction accompanied by alterations of bile acid metabolism. Bile acid and its receptors have been reported to play important roles in various neurological diseases. To further examine the changes of bile acid metabolism in TBI patients, we performed a retrospective clinical analysis. In this study, 177 patients were included, and the results showed that TBI patients had more frequent antibiotic use compared with a control group. Regression analysis identified TBI as an independent factor for reduction of serum bile acid level (B = −1.762, p = 0.006), even with antibiotic use taken into a regression model. Sub-group regression analysis of TBI patients showed that antibiotic use was negatively associated with bile acid level, while creatinine and triglyceride were positively associated with bile acid level. In conclusion, these data indicated that TBI could greatly reduce serum bile acid. This study provided preliminary but novel clinical evidence of TBI interfering with bile acid metabolism, and further studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate these findings in the future.

The determination of serum bile acid level of patients with hepatobiliary diseases (II)

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
S. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Ishiya ◽  
T. Hironaka ◽  
I. Marino ◽  
H. Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Serum Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acid Level ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases
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