Prevalence and Length of the Anterior Loop of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in Iranians

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rastegar Moghddam ◽  
Zeinab Davoudmanesh ◽  
Nasim Azizi ◽  
Vahid Rakhshan ◽  
Mahsa Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean

The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve is a sensitive anatomical feature that should be taken into account during installation of dental implants anterior to the mental foramen. This study was conducted to explore the controversy regarding prevalence and length. A total of 452 mandible quadrants of 234 patients (age: 50.1 ± 13.3 years, 113 males, 121 females) were studied using cone-beam computerized tomography. After reconstructing axial, frontal, and sagittal slices, the region between the most anterior point on the mental foramen and the most anterior part of the mandibular nerve was inspected for signs of anterior loop presence. If positive, the length of the anterior loop was measured in mm as the distance between the anterior border of mental foramen and the anterior border of the loop. Prevalence and length of the anterior loop were compared statistically between sexes and age groups. The anterior loop was observed in 106 quadrants (23.5% of 451 quadrants) of 95 patients (40.6% of 234 patients), of whom 11 had bilateral anterior loops. Prevalences were similar in males (41%) and females (39%, chi-square P =.791). The mean anterior loop length was 2.77 ± 1.56 mm (95% CI: 2.5–3.1 mm), without significant sex (regression beta = −0.159, P = .134) or age (beta = −0.059, P = .578) differences. The anterior loop might exist in about 40% of patients, regardless of their gender. The mean safe anterior distance from the anterior loop is about 3 mm + (2.5–3.1 mm) = 5.5–6.1 mm, regardless of age.

Assessment of the Anterior Loop of the Mental Nerve Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography Scan

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-I Lu ◽  
John Won ◽  
Aladdin Al-Ardah ◽  
Ruben Santana ◽  
Dwight Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study is to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans with oblique-transverse reconstruction modality to measure and compare the anterior loop length (AnLL) of the mental nerve between gender and age groups and to compare the difference between the right and left sides. Sixty-one female and 61 male CBCT scans were randomly selected for each age group: 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years. Both right- and left-side AnLLs were measured in each subject using i-CATVision software to measure AnLLs on the oblique transverse plane using multiplanar reconstruction. The anterior loop was identified in 85.2% of cases, with the mean AnLL of the 366 subjects (732 hemimandibles) being 1.46 ± 1.25 mm with no statistically significant difference between right and left sides or between different gender groups. However, the mean AnLL in the 21–40 year group (1.89 ± 1.35 mm) was larger than the AnLL in the 41–60 year group (1.35 ± 1.19 mm) and the 61–80 year group (1.13 ± 1.08 mm). In conclusion, when placing implants in close proximity to mental foramina, caution is recommended to avoid injury to the inferior alveolar nerve. No fixed distance anteriorly from the mental foramen should be considered safe. Using CBCT scans with the oblique-transverse method to accurately identify and measure the AnLL is of utmost importance in avoiding and protecting its integrity.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Prevalence, Length And Position Of Anterior Loop Of Inferior Alveolar Nerve: A Study Using CBCT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haszelini Hassan ◽  
Hikmah Mohd Nor ◽  
Nur Athiah Shaberi ◽  
Nur Aqila Syaqina Zuber ◽  
Nur Hasnaa Hishamudin
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mandibular Surgery

Introduction: Adequate space is required in the interforaminal region for anterior mandibular surgery, where the anterior loop is located within this region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the anterior loop (AL) of the inferior alveolar nerve, and to measure its length and position in patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of mandibles from 70 patients (140 hemimandibles) were selected and evaluated in this retrospective study. A single detector, multiple slits CBCT machine was used for this purpose. The comparison was made based on gender, age and race. The prevalence, position and length of the AL were assessed using Romexis® software version 2.8.0.R. Results: An anterior loop was identified in 16.4% of the examined mandibles and mostly observed on the right side (21.4%). The prevalence of AL was significantly higher in males (69.6%) compared to females (30.4%). The mean anterior loop length recorded was 2.59 mm (± 1.63), ranged from 0.80 mm to 6.00 mm. Most of the loops were found located inferior to the apex of lower right second premolars (60%). Conclusion(s): In this study, the prevalence of AL found is significant and the length of AL was varied greatly. Although AL is an anatomical variation, findings of this study might be useful in determining the safe distance and to preserve the neurovascular bundle before an implant placement or osteotomy in the anterior region of mental foramen.

scholarly journals Assessment of Location of Mental Foramen in Mandible Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Shoaib Rahim ◽  
Maria Shakoor ◽  
Ali Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferior Border

Objective: To determine the mean distance of mental foramen from the base of the mandible and mandibular symphysis in patients reporting to tertiary care center using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT). Study design and setting: Cross-Sectional Study was carried out in the Prosthodontics Department, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from March 2019 to August 2019. Methodology: Total 100 patients between the age of 20-45 years were participated. CBCT investigation was carried out and measurements of mental foramen from the base of the mandible and mandibular symphysis in patients were recorded with the help of measuring tools in the software and noted down on the performa. SPSS version 20 was used analyze the data. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. . Frequency and percentages were calculated for variable gender (qualitative). For quantitative variables like age, distance mental foramen from the mandibular Symphysis and inferior border of mandible, mean + SD were calculated. Independent samples t-test was used to compare quantitative variables like distance MF from the mandibular symphysis/midline and inferior border of mandible. P values < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The Mean+SD distance of anterior border of mental foramen from symphysis on left and right side were 24.12+2.835 and 24.88+2.637 and from the lower border of mandible were 11.97+1.359 and 12.00+1.764 respectively. Conclusion: The mean vertical and horizontal distances calculated in this study can provide a useful guide to dentist to safely place dental implants within the inter-foraminal region in our population

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF MEAN DISTANCE OF MANDIBULAR INCISIVE CANAL USING CONE BEAM COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801-05
Author(s):  
Mubashir Sharif ◽  
Nighat Haroon ◽  
Muhammad Anwaar Alam ◽  
Adil Umar Durrani ◽  
Talib Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incisive Canal ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine the mean distance of mandibular incisive canal from the mental foramen in patients reporting to a tertiary care centre using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography for placement of dental implants in the anterior/interforaminal region. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Foundation University College of Dentistry Rawalpindi, Jun to Nov 2019. Methodology: A total of 70 patients participated between the age of 20-45 years. Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (the investigation was carried out and measurements of the mandibular incisive canal from mental foramen were recorded with the help of measuring tools in the software and noted down on the proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results: The number of patients selected for this study was 70. Out of these 70 patients, 33 (47.1%) were males and 37 (52.9%) were females. The mean age of patients in this study was 36.31 ± 6.38 years. The mean distance/extension of the mandibular incisive canal from left mental foramen and right mental foramen in all patients was recorded to be 14.49 ± 6.31 mm and 14.97 ± 7.10 mm respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that a maximum distance of 22mm of the incisive canal from the mental foramen was observed using cone-beam computerized tomography.

Accuracy of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography and a Three-Dimensional Stereolithographic Model in Identifying the Anterior Loop of the Mental Nerve: A Study on Cadavers

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben R. Santana ◽  
Jaime Lozada ◽  
Alejandro Kleinman ◽  
Aladdin Al-Ardah ◽  
Alan Herford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Stl Model ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this ex vivo cadaver study was to determine the accuracy of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and a 3-dimensional stereolithographic (STL) model in identifying and measuring the anterior loop length (ANLL) of the mental nerve. A total of 12 cadavers (24 mental nerve plexus) were used for this study. Standardized CBCT scans of each mandible were obtained both with and without radiographic contrast tracer injected into the mental nerve plexus, and STL models of the two acquired CBCT images were made. The ANLL were measured using CBCT, STL model, and anatomy. The measurements obtained from the CBCT images and STL models were then analyzed and compared with the direct anatomic measurements. A paired sample t test was used, and P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. The mean difference between CBCT and anatomic measurement was 0.04 mm and was not statistically significant (P = .332), whereas the mean difference between STL models and anatomic measurement was 0.4 mm and was statistically significant (P = .042). There was also a statistical significant difference between CBCT and the STL model (P = .048) with the mean difference of 0.35 mm. Therefore, CBCT is an accurate and reliable method in determining and measuring the ANLL but the STL model over- or underestimated the ANLL by as much as 1.51 mm and 1.83 mm, respectively.

scholarly journals Frequency of accessory mental foramen and anatomical variability of mental nerve anterior loop in a Peruvian population: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
José Heberth Tofiño-Medina ◽  
◽  
Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén ◽  
Yalil Augusto Rodríguez-Cárdenas ◽  
Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Mental Nerve ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Accessory Mental Foramen ◽  
Anterior Loop

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of accessory mental foramen (AMF) and anatomical variants of the mental nerve anterior loop using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a Peruvian population. Material and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 80 hemi-mandibles from 40 subjects using CBCT. The sample included 38 females and 42 males, with an average age of 25±4.45 years. A 3D multi-planar reconstruction was performed to identify the location and presence of accessory mental foramina, their morphological characteristics (oval or circular), their position with respect to the mental foramen (MF), anterior loop (AL) path and other anatomical landmarks including lengths and angles. Statistical analyses included chi square and t-tests. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: The frequency of AMF was 17% and the average distance AL-MF was 4.76±1.97mm. The measurements of the anterior border of AL and MF to the inferior mandibular border showed significant differences according to the sex (p<0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Conclusion: The AMF prevalence was approximately 17%. There is no association between the AMF position and its morphology, sex or side evaluated. The distances from the anterior border of the AL and from the inferior border of the MF to the inferior mandibular border were greater in males. These findings should be considered when planning implant or mini-implant placement in this region.

Location of the Mandibular Incisive Canal Related to the Placement of Dental Implants: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Choi ◽  
Kee-Deog Kim ◽  
Bock-Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Incisive Canal ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
Mental Canal

Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) can show an uncommon mandibular incisive canal that cannot be detected by panoramic radiography, which is used preoperatively to form the initial plan of the size and length of an implant fixture for surgical placement in the mandibular interforaminal area. Determination of the position and anatomical configuration of the mandibular incisive canal is challenging. The purpose of this case report is to discuss anatomical variations in the mandibular incisive canal and the mental canal by reviewing previous studies. Furthermore, we propose that the anterior loop length of the mental canal near the mental foramen, as well as the diameter of the mandibular incisive canal, should be verified by CBCT prior to performing implant surgery in the anterior mandibular area to prevent possible nerve damage.

Anterior Loop of the Inferior Alveolar Canal: A Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography Study of 494 Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Sahman ◽  
Yildiray Sisman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Cbct Image ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

The aim of this study was to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images of patients to assess the prevalence of different types, especially anterior loop, of the mental portion of the inferior alveolar canal and to evaluate the anterior loop lengths. CBCT images of 494 patients providing inclusion criteria were examined by 2 oral radiologists. Sagittal, axial, and multiplanar reformatted images were used to detect the type of mental portion of the inferior alveolar canal. The anterior loop length was measured in the respective sections of each CBCT image. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v. 15, and t tests were used for statistical analysis. Of the 494 patients, 217 anterior loops were detected in 141 (28.5%) patients. The mean anterior loop lengths for the right side and the left side were 2.19 ± 1 mm and 2.08 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. The difference between males and females in the mean anterior loop length was statistically significant for both sides (Right: P &lt; .05; Left: P &lt; .05). A presurgical CBCT image examination is necessary prior to implant insertion to reveal the presence of anterior loop and to detect actual anterior loop length.

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