scholarly journals William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Reconsideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Mariwan Hasan ◽  
Diman Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Imaginative Literature ◽  
Lord Of The Flies ◽  
In The Beginning

This paper reconsiders William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Allegorical writings can illustrate ethical, social or psychological and moral issues using the manipulation of images that have stipulated meanings other than their meanings as imitations of the actual world. Allegory has been used widely throughout history in all forms of art, and comprehensible for the reader, conveys hidden meanings through symbolic figures. Lord of the Flies had been written in relation to historical circumstances of the twentieth-century and to the personal experience of William Golding. Also, it has provided a critical analysis of the novel that treated the prominent perspective and elements in it. The novel is a parallel of life in the late twentieth century, while it looks like society a stage of enhancement in technology whereas, human morality is not completely mature yet. “Lord of the Flies is an allegorical microcosm of the world. The destruction of World War II because of the dictators who initiated this war has a profound impact on William Golding himself”. In the beginning, the paper gives an introduction to Golding’s point of view on humanity with the title of how to draw attention to me through allegory and fable, two forms of imaginative literature that encouraged the reader and listener to look for hidden meanings. Then it deals with William Golding’s Lord of the Flies from the cultural approaches of that time, who is one of the most prominent literary men of postmodernism that was famous for utilizing symbolism within the novel; “he used different kinds of symbols, characters, objects, animals, colors and setting to convey his message about his main theme”, in the last section we analyzed the postmodern features in Lord of the Flies and how they are used to depict Golding’s view. The way Golding uses allegory strengthens the symbolism of his novel. Finally, it tackles the educational value through his experiences in teaching along with critical analysis of Golding’s technique.

scholarly journals Golding’s Narrowed Attempts at Defining Human Nature in Lord of the Flies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Rabia Khan ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Ali Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Political System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Single Character ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Lord Of The Flies

This paper is an attempt to prove the assumption that William Golding is a failure who claims to have written his novel Lord of the Flies on the idea of human nature. He considers that he wrote about human nature in general, but he is a Western and has those ideas of being superior to other people. He takes all his characters from among the English boys. Not a single character who is shown as civilized belongs to a marginalized race. This act of Golding reveals his ethnocentric attitude. He does not bother to include a female character in this novel. All his characters are male. It shows his androcentric nature. Though he tries to put the evil like every man whenever he wants to show the brutality or savagery of a human, in the form of his chosen English boys, he portrays them as the hunters of Africa or paints them with mud. In doing so, he is affiliating savagery with the blacks and Indians. Thus, he propagates the same stereotypical concept of “Orients” as uncivilized and savages. Golding relies solely on the biological factors of human nature. He ignores to consider any social problem for the conflict of the two groups of boys. These social factors may include political system, religion, or Marxism. This research work has proved that Golding’s self-critique of human nature in the novel is a failure on his part.

NEO-VICTORIAN STUDIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret D. Stetz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Victorian Novel ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Victorian Studies ◽  
Remarkable Effect

Long ago, Margery Williams'sThe Velveteen Rabbit(1922) taught us that toys become real when they are loved. Literary genres, however, become real when they are parodied. The neo-Victorian novel, therefore, must now be real, for its features have become so familiar and readily distinguishable that John Crace has been able to have naughty fun at their expense inBrideshead Abbreviated: The Digested Read of the Twentieth Century(2010), where John Fowles'sThe French Lieutenant's Woman(1969) stands as representative of the type. Crace's treatment of Fowles's first-person narrator results in a remarkable effect: the ironic commentary upon the nineteenth century from a twentieth-century vantage point that runs throughout the novel gets subjected, in turn, to ironic commentary from a twenty-first-century point-of-view:

scholarly journals Critical Analysis of Mulk Raj Anand’s Novel Untouchable

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Shashi Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Caste ◽  
The Impact

Problem of untouchabilty is still prevalent in the society and Mulk Raj Anand through his novel Untouchable brings to light the sorrows and sufferings that high caste Hindus inflicted on the untouchables. Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable, is more compact than his other novels. The novel Untouchable, published in 1935, centres around a sweeper boy, Bakha. The eighteen year boy Bakha, son of Lakha, the jamadar of sweepers is a child of the twentieth century, and the impact of new influences reverberates within him.

scholarly journals INTELLECTUALS IN THE FACE OF HISTORIC TURMOIL: “THE REVENGE OF THE PRINTER” BY STANISLAV ROSOVETSKYJ AS ACADEMIC FICTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (93) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
О.В. Блашків
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Biography ◽  
Academic Novel ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Times ◽  
Renaissance Man ◽  
Academic Fiction

Since mid-twentieth century the academic novel has been treated in English literary criticism as a separate literary genre centered on the life of professors. Often the action takes place on and outside of campus, revealing the professors’ private concerns. Satire is a characteristic feature of academic novels, which usually drives the action. In these novels university appears as a “microcosm of society at large.” Even though the academic novel is an emerging genre in Ukrainian literature, there are texts which fall into this category. In the article the author analyzes “The Revenge of the Printer” by Stanislav Rosovetskyj as academic fiction. The novel has two plot lines, one of which is set in late 1580s in the times of Ivan Fedorov, another is set in the summer of 1991. The plot lines are joined by the setting, which is St. Onuphrius Monastery in Lviv, which in the twentieth century was turned into the museum of book-printing. The novel has the following features of the academic fiction: the main setting and the object of satire is theIvanFedorovMuseum, a cloistered institution like the university campus; the protagonist Shalva Bukviani is an academic and a professor of history facing the choice to leave the institution or to conform to the changing ideology. Collectively, these characteristics allow to define the main theme as the role of individual in the times of historical turmoil. Special attention is paid to the image of Fedorov, whose life in the novel is portrayed as a literary biography, based on research of contemporary Ukrainian historians alternative to the Soviet narrative. Due to the image of Fedorov as “Renaissance man” in the novel, the image of contemporary scholar appears as Sick Soul (M. Andryczyk), “a small Soviet man” unable to engage in protection of cultural heritage in the time of sociopolitical change.

scholarly journals The void and the memory. Ludovico Quaroni’s competition project for the Tobacco Manufacturing and the Navile Park in Bologna (1984). An urban figurative regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Matteo Sintini
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The City ◽  
New System

<p>The Ludovico Quaroni's competition winner project for the urban park of the Tobacco Manufacturing and the Navile dockyard, although unrealised, still represents a sort of conclusive point of the search path (he died in 1987) of one of the most prominent characters of the Italian architectural scene – and not only - of the 20th century. Furthermore, the high number of contenders to the competition’s first stage (139) made the contest itself an extraordinary occasion of rethinking an important part of the city of Bologna, a somewhat hybrid part located on the verge of town historic centre and its first expansion and offered the chance of challenge for the mostly Italian architects. The Quaroni’s group was composed by many others architects including important authors of the reconstruction projects of Bologna in the years following World War II; their proposal aimed at bringing order in a non-connected urban context filled with many fragments of historical memories of the site. The process of spaces redefinition, as in the beginning projects of the architect’s career, is conducted with the tools of the “design” (as used by Manfredo Tafuri, 1964), as an instrument of territorial and urban areas re-composition, undertook through the conservation of trails, overlapped by a new system of episodes, keeping the idea of fragments, responding to the competition requirements. In fact, the project balances the new parts in strict relation with the pre-existing elements of the historic town centre, considering the tangible and material dimensions of the city. Such a new system is governed by a clear scheme of structured elements based on the project of void, provided with a clear formal image, whose final outcome is a figurative regeneration. In this idea and formal organism Quaroni developing many of his design principles, gives a personal interpretation to the contemporary issue of regeneration empowered by those reflections that had just entered in the much wider debate in the mid-eighties, about conservation and sustainability of historic centres and the natural environment. Notably, this issue is dealt with in a cultural environment such as the one of Bologna, a city that gave much to the debate on conservation of old towns (see the Cervellati plan); a discussion founding the Italian experience of the 20th century and particularly of its second half. From this point of view, the contribution of architects from Bologna at Quaroni’s project has therefore probably accounted for the special sensibility shown by the project on those matters. After giving up on Quaroni’s plan Aldo Rossi was chosen by the Municipality to develop the project; his ideas confirm, although with different outcomes, an approach based on the value of the conservation of memory and the use of clear forms as means of urban regeneration.</p>

scholarly journals Nihilisme identitaire dans Lord of the Flies de William Golding et A Slight Ache de Harold Pinter

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (32) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Maurice Gning
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Literature ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Harold Pinter ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Poststructuralist Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lord Of The Flies ◽  
The Individual

Two works of the mid-twentieth-century British literature form the corpus of this study, namely Lord of the Flies (1954) by the English William Golding and A Slight Ache (1961) by his contemporary and compatriot Harold Pinter. Based on the issue of nihilism as defined by Nietzsche and on the poststructuralist theory of the death of the subject, it aims to analyze how the two postmodern writers, Golding and Pinter, stress the emptiness of the human identity resulting from the collapse of the Western culture. The analysis shows that, in order to reveal this identity vacuity, the two authors make use of strategies at first sight different, but that prove to be basically similar. This identity emptiness is beforehand expressed by the emptiness of the fiction space, the isolation of characters and the justified absence of traditional points of reference that could constitute the base of the societies they attempt to form. The predictable collapse of these societies discloses the strange face of the individual behind it, and unveils the kingdom of nothingness foregrounded, in both works, by the image of darkness and chaos.

Polyphony and the Atomic Age: Bakhtin's Assimilation of an Einsteinian Universe

PMLA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stone
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mikhail Bakhtin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Central Position ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Relativistic Model ◽  
Atomic Age ◽  
Mind Set

Mikhail Bakhtin described a novelistic world bound to the reader's point of view and perception of reality. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity justified Bakhtin's elevation of the reader to a central position in his theory of the novel. This essay examines Bakhtin's engagement with Einsteinian relativity in the context of two of his most influential contributions to critical discourse—polyphony and the chronotope. Originating in the 1920s, Bakhtin's notion of polyphony was initially an expression of his Kantian mind-set. When Bakhtin reworked his formulation of polyphony in 1963 (having already broached the topic of literary spaciotemporality with the chronotope), Einstein had replaced Kant as Bakhtin's guiding intellectual paradigm. In advocating a relativistic model to explicate the literary world, Bakhtin aligned centuries of novelistic tradition with a distinctly modern worldview. His use of the epistemological possibilities inaugurated by twentieth-century physics allowed him to interpret centuries-old texts with an insightfulness available only to a post-Einsteinian reader.

scholarly journals The Point of View (in Four Ways)

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Zofia Mitosek
Keyword(s):  
Henry James ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Claude Simon ◽  
Starting Point

The article aims to analyse four important point of view novels, namely Henry James’ The Ambassadors, Zasypie wszystko, zawieje [Everything Will Be Covered by the Snow] by Włodzimierz Odojewski, The Flanders Road by Claude Simon, and Morfina [Morphine] by Szczepan Twardoch. The notion of point of view serves as a starting point for considering the epistemological aspects of the novel and for tracing its evolution. James, both in his theory and novelistic practice, uses the point of view to make the character’s consciousness the main theme of his novels. Odojewski employs internal monologue to render the characters’ perspective, while Simon combines internal monologue with other voices. Finally, Twardoch’s novel can be interpreted as a parody of the point of view technique.

scholarly journals LITERARY RECEPTION OF FLORIAN CHARNYSHEVYCH’S CREATIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Oleksandr YANISHEVSKYY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Witold Gombrowicz ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Social Associations

Background. The Argentine polonium was formed by several waves of migrants from different, albeit neighboring, historical eras: the end of the nineteenth and first quarters of the twentieth century. and before World War II – after it. The society was diversified both personally and by class, so, of course, there were various social associations, members of which sometimes became prominent activists, writers, local politicians. Purpose. The flagship of Polish literary life in Argentina in the mid-twentieth century. we can rightly consider Florian Chernyshevich (1900–1964). He is primarily known as the author of an epic work about the dramatic fate of residents of Polish villages in the Berezina and Dnipro rivers in the period 1911–1920 – the novel “Priberezyntsi”. MK Pavlikovsky and Ch. Milos – well-known writers – described it as the "War and Peace" of the Polish Cres and 577 pages of large-format drugs. According to them, it is one of the most important and best Polish works. On this basis, Florian Chernyshevich should be considered in the context of a single Polish word-cultural process. After all, the vision of the world, certain historical events, artistic and aesthetic analysis of the latter, represented by a national-linguistic polyphony in the environment of constant aggressive influence on it by a foreign ethnic linguistic environment with necessity is objectified through the individualism of a particular individual or through the collective conscious. Results. In his public and writing activities, F. Chernyshevich implicated related, at first glance, unrelated realities of the surrounding reality. All of his actions were determined primarily by his own national consciousness, which was inevitably influenced by factors such as isolation from his homeland, unfriendly local environment, and disconnection in the environment of the Polish community itself. Moreover, his activity was peculiar: it was not some narrowly specific matter, the purpose of which was to do something tangible, which lies in the paradigm of personal hedonistic discourse, or even immaterial, but, again, dictated by a deep egocentric principle, but rather an immanent engagement. social polonical work in the above conditions, to which must be added the constant implicit surveillance of the ubiquitous red Moscow. Public work also included current literary and journalistic activities on the pages of Głos Polski magazine, which was published in Buenos Aires. Finally, Florian Chernyshevich drew attention to the diasporic critics living in Argentina at the time, Witold Gombrowicz and Jozef Radzyminska Key words: literature, polonium, epic, juxtaposition, narration, creativity, discourse, biography, information.

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