scholarly journals The void and the memory. Ludovico Quaroni’s competition project for the Tobacco Manufacturing and the Navile Park in Bologna (1984). An urban figurative regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Matteo Sintini
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The City ◽  
New System

<p>The Ludovico Quaroni's competition winner project for the urban park of the Tobacco Manufacturing and the Navile dockyard, although unrealised, still represents a sort of conclusive point of the search path (he died in 1987) of one of the most prominent characters of the Italian architectural scene – and not only - of the 20th century. Furthermore, the high number of contenders to the competition’s first stage (139) made the contest itself an extraordinary occasion of rethinking an important part of the city of Bologna, a somewhat hybrid part located on the verge of town historic centre and its first expansion and offered the chance of challenge for the mostly Italian architects. The Quaroni’s group was composed by many others architects including important authors of the reconstruction projects of Bologna in the years following World War II; their proposal aimed at bringing order in a non-connected urban context filled with many fragments of historical memories of the site. The process of spaces redefinition, as in the beginning projects of the architect’s career, is conducted with the tools of the “design” (as used by Manfredo Tafuri, 1964), as an instrument of territorial and urban areas re-composition, undertook through the conservation of trails, overlapped by a new system of episodes, keeping the idea of fragments, responding to the competition requirements. In fact, the project balances the new parts in strict relation with the pre-existing elements of the historic town centre, considering the tangible and material dimensions of the city. Such a new system is governed by a clear scheme of structured elements based on the project of void, provided with a clear formal image, whose final outcome is a figurative regeneration. In this idea and formal organism Quaroni developing many of his design principles, gives a personal interpretation to the contemporary issue of regeneration empowered by those reflections that had just entered in the much wider debate in the mid-eighties, about conservation and sustainability of historic centres and the natural environment. Notably, this issue is dealt with in a cultural environment such as the one of Bologna, a city that gave much to the debate on conservation of old towns (see the Cervellati plan); a discussion founding the Italian experience of the 20th century and particularly of its second half. From this point of view, the contribution of architects from Bologna at Quaroni’s project has therefore probably accounted for the special sensibility shown by the project on those matters. After giving up on Quaroni’s plan Aldo Rossi was chosen by the Municipality to develop the project; his ideas confirm, although with different outcomes, an approach based on the value of the conservation of memory and the use of clear forms as means of urban regeneration.</p>

TRADITION AND INNOVATION IN MODERN KAZAKH POETRY (XX century and independence)

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Sh. Kuttybaev ◽  
◽  
Е. Abdimomynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
National Poetry ◽  
In The Beginning

The article analyzes views on innovation in the literary science of the early twentieth century and the work of Alash representatives in an era that is a period filled with profound changes and large-scale innovations in Kazakh society. In addition, works related to freedom, enlightenment, politics, spiritual values, the position of the people as a whole and social changes are considered the idea of independence and continuity. On the way of evolutionary development of the Kazakh literature, artistic power, thematic and ideological character, substantial and stylistic features of poetry of poets in the beginning of the XX century and during the Great Patriotic War, in subsequent years and years of independence are discussed in detail. In addition, on the basis of literary traditions and novelty, the works of prominent poets of Kazakh poetry of the 20th century and Independence are considered and comprehensively characterized, i.e. internal motives, the content of life phenomena in national poetry are analyzed in close connection with the works of poets. The original vision of the traditional and differentiated in the literature of the Soviet period in the works of poets from a new perspective, from the point of view of today. In addition, the works of outstanding poets of Kazakh poetry in the period of the 20th century and independence are considered on the basis of classical tradition and novelty in literature.

Barriers and levers for implementing sustainable Nature-Based Solutions in cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Duffaut ◽  
Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste ◽  
Pierre-Antoine Versini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The City

&lt;p&gt;Hydro-meteorological risks are increasing and this could be due to global changes. These risks are particularly important in the urban context where most human beings live. Indeed, the impervious surfaces present in cities increase the risk of flooding, for example. Nature-Based Solutions can help to reduce these risks by creating permeable soils or storing water while promoting biodiversity. In this context, it is essential to understand what hinders the development and sustainability of these Nature-based Solutions in the city and what could help to deploy them on a large scale. For this purpose, various professionals working on Nature-Based Solutions in the city in France, were interviewed between 2020 and 2021, both in the academic and operational sectors, or even at the interface between the two: researchers in ecology or hydrology, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) project manager, project managers at the Regional Biodiversity Agency, director and natural environment manager of a watershed union, agro-economists engineer among others. They were asked what are the barriers and potential opportunities for Nature-Based Solutions implementation and sustainability in city. By analysing their answers, it emerges that the obstacles are more often cultural, political or financial than technical. The potential levers often mentioned are education and awareness-raising at all levels, especially for elected officials and the general public. Regulations such as the PLU (Local Urban Plan) and new funding for more natural spaces in the city also seem to be means of promoting Nature-based Solutions in urban areas. These interviews with diverse professionals directly involved in Nature-Based Solutions in cities allow to give real courses of action to be taken to democratize these Solutions throughout the French territory, or even internationally, and therefore ultimately reduce the risks of hydro-meteorology. This is one of the objectives of the French ANR project EVNATURB (Assessment of ecosystem performance of a renaturation of the urban environment), in which this study has been carried out.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Reflexology on EEG – A Nonlinear Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kannathal ◽  
Joseph K. Paul ◽  
C.M. Lim ◽  
K.P. Chua ◽  
P.K. Sadasivan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western World ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Nonlinear Approach ◽  
Scientific Research Work ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Beginning

Reflexology is a 4000-year-old art of healing practiced in ancient India, China and Egypt. In the beginning of the 20th century, it spread to the Western world. Reflexologic clinics and massage centers can be found all around the world. In spite of the widespread popularity, to the best of our knowledge, no serious research work has been done in this area, although much scientific research work has been carried out in other Eastern techniques like meditation and yoga. This is why a humble attempt is done in this work to quantitatively assess the effect of reflexological stimulation from a systems point of view. In this work, nonlinear techniques have been used to assess the complexity of EEG with and without reflexological stimulation. We prefer the nonlinear approach, as we believe that the effects are taking place in a subtle way, since there is no direct correlation between reflexological points and modern neuroanatomy.

MODIFICATIONS OF THE GROUND MOTION IN DENSE URBAN AREAS

2001 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1659-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIDIER CLOUTEAU ◽  
DENIS AUBRY
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Elastic Half Space ◽  
Incident Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Layered Soils ◽  
The City ◽  
Strong Scattering

The main motivation of this work is to analyze whether or not the presence of buildings is able to modify the seismic field significantly. We first present a numerical method able to account for a three-dimensional building distribution resting on a layered elastic-half-space. The proposed method is based on a variational coupling between Boundary Elements and modal representation for the buildings. Provided with the hypothesis of a stochastic homogeneous distribution of these buildings or a deterministic periodic one, a realistic model of an entire city may be accounted for. This method is applied to practical situations and it is shown that modifications of the incident field occur mainly for soft layered soils. However from an engineering point of view, it appears that the amplification levels are not significantly modified even in these extreme cases. Nevertheless, a strong scattering of the response inside the city depends on the nearby buildings can be observed.

scholarly journals Sanatoria in the first half of the XX century in the province of Vojvodina

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Milan Breberina ◽  
Bozica Vujosevic ◽  
Marija Pecanac ◽  
Nenad Zakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The City

Following the shift in therapy of tuberculosis in the mid-19th century, by the beginning of the 20th century numerous tuberculosis sanatoria were established in Western Europe. Being an institutional novelty in the medical practice, sanatoria spread within the first 20 years of the 20th century to Central and Eastern Europe, including the southern region of the Panonian plain, the present-day Province of Vojvodina in Serbia north of the rivers Sava and Danube. The health policy and regulations of the newly built state - the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians/Yugoslavia, provided a rather liberal framework for introducing the concept of sanatorium. Soon after the World War I there were 14 sanatoria in this region, and the period of their expansion was between 1920 and 1939 when at least 27 sanatoria were founded, more than half of the total number of 46 sanatoria in the whole state in that period. However, only two of these were for pulmonary diseases. One of them was privately owned the open public sanatorium the English-Yugoslav Hospital for Paediatric Osteo-Articular Tuberculosis in Sremska Kamenica, and the other was state-run (at Iriski venac, on the Fruska Gora mountain, as a unit of the Department for Lung Disease of the Main Regional Hospital). All the others were actually small private specialized hospitals in 6 towns (Novi Sad, Subotica, Sombor, Vrbas, Vrsac, Pancevo,) providing medical treatment of well-off, mostly gynaecological and surgical patients. The majority of sanatoria founded in the period 1920-1939 were in or close to the city of Novi Sad, the administrative headquarters of the province (the Danube Banovina at that time) with a growing population. A total of 10 sanatoria were open in the city of Novi Sad, with cumulative bed capacity varying from 60 to 130. None of these worked in newly built buildings, but in private houses adapted for medical purpose in accordance with legal requirements. The decline of sanatoria in Vojvodina began with the very outbreak of the World War II and they never regained their social role. Soon after the Hungarian fascist occupation the majority of owners/ founders were terrorized and forced to close their sanatoria, some of them to leave country and some were even killed or deported to concentration camps.

scholarly journals William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Reconsideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Mariwan Hasan ◽  
Diman Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Imaginative Literature ◽  
Lord Of The Flies ◽  
In The Beginning

This paper reconsiders William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Allegorical writings can illustrate ethical, social or psychological and moral issues using the manipulation of images that have stipulated meanings other than their meanings as imitations of the actual world. Allegory has been used widely throughout history in all forms of art, and comprehensible for the reader, conveys hidden meanings through symbolic figures. Lord of the Flies had been written in relation to historical circumstances of the twentieth-century and to the personal experience of William Golding. Also, it has provided a critical analysis of the novel that treated the prominent perspective and elements in it. The novel is a parallel of life in the late twentieth century, while it looks like society a stage of enhancement in technology whereas, human morality is not completely mature yet. “Lord of the Flies is an allegorical microcosm of the world. The destruction of World War II because of the dictators who initiated this war has a profound impact on William Golding himself”. In the beginning, the paper gives an introduction to Golding’s point of view on humanity with the title of how to draw attention to me through allegory and fable, two forms of imaginative literature that encouraged the reader and listener to look for hidden meanings. Then it deals with William Golding’s Lord of the Flies from the cultural approaches of that time, who is one of the most prominent literary men of postmodernism that was famous for utilizing symbolism within the novel; “he used different kinds of symbols, characters, objects, animals, colors and setting to convey his message about his main theme”, in the last section we analyzed the postmodern features in Lord of the Flies and how they are used to depict Golding’s view. The way Golding uses allegory strengthens the symbolism of his novel. Finally, it tackles the educational value through his experiences in teaching along with critical analysis of Golding’s technique.

scholarly journals Changes of approach to urban context in international guidelines and experiences in Lithuanian urban environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Navickiene ◽  
Edita Riaubiene
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Wide Range

The focus of the research is the concept of context, guidelines for the approach to it, and the ways by which it was regarded in the development of urban environment. The paper defines how these approaches and practices changed during the last century. During the last century, an especially dynamic and turbulent one, Lithuanian state experienced divergent and controversial periods: independence (1918-1940), World War II (1939–1945), Soviet period (1944–1990) and independence restored (1990-present). The paper discusses the Western attitudes and the evolution of approach towards context while dealing with urban environment, and peculiarities of Lithuanian practice in conformity with these attitudes during last century. The theoretic investigation is grounded by the documents formulated and declared by international organisations like CIAM, UNESCO, ICOMOS and others, as accumulations of pioneering thought. Particularly, their statements that consider the surrounding context as basis, principle, or inspiration for the creating, transforming or reconstructing the urban environment are analysed. The term context is used as a generalising term, an umbrella one, which covers several terms used in the documents or literature to define closer or wider urban environment while dealing with it. The paper focuses mostly on historical urban situations, and wide range of activities in changing the environment from architect or landscape architect’s professional point of view. The theoretic analysis is followed by the critical review of certain experiences in Lithuanian practice at that time, in characteristic redevelopment of spaces in the main cities (state capitals). The identified evolution reveals the expansion of the concept of urban context and growing regard for it both in theory and in practice. The evolution of contextual approach in Lithuanian practice follows the guidelines stated in documents of international organisations in spite of its political situation, but the research discloses its certain peculiarities.

scholarly journals “Europa in de Tropen”, The Colonial Tourism and Urban Culture in Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Rahmia Nurwulandari ◽  
Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The City

Bandung experienced a rapid urban development after 1918, when the city was prepared to be the new Dutch East Indies’ capital city, replacing Batavia. In the era of economic liberalization, Bandung also became one of the tourist destinations that has promoted by the businessmen. This paper is a study on how mass tourism as the new urban culture in the beginning of 20th century had a contribution to urban planning in Bandung. The timeline was after the establishment of train as a modern transportation in Bandung (1884) until the end of the Dutch Colonialism in Dutch East Indies (1942). Through the Georg Simmel's theory of sociology and the city, I tried to analyze the the tourism activity and its relations to the 20th century urban architecture in Bandung, West Java. I use the method that was introduced by Iain Borden and friends in The Unknown City to understand tourism and urban history of Bandung through the spatial practice, city representation and experiences. 

scholarly journals Conversão e consumo religioso nas novas religiões japonesas: a igreja messiânica e a perfect liberty

1969 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Andréa Gomes Santiago Tomita
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Japanese Immigrants ◽  
In The Beginning

From the second half of 20th century on, Brazilian religious scenery has undergone a particular phenomenon: the expansion of New Japanese Religions (NJR). In the beginning, it took place, specially, among Japanese immigrants and their descendents in rural areas. By overcoming the hindrances caused by the cultural and linguistic differences, the NJR has gradually spread among the Brazilian population in urban areas. This article provides an account of some aspects of two NJR - Sekai Kyusei Kyô (which is known in Brazil as “Igreja Messiânica”) and Perfect Liberty - and discusses relevant themes to Sociology of Religion. The first part brings some issues about NJR in general in Japan, their characteristics and the appearance of Sekai Kyusei Kyo and Perfect Liberty in Brazil. The later one focuses on the activities of these religions relating them to conversion and religious consumption.

scholarly journals WARUNG TEGAL: RELASI KAMPUNG MENYANGGA KOTA JAKARTA (Studi Kasus Pada Warung Tegal di Jakarta Timur)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Maflahah Maflahah ◽  
Akhmad Ramdhon
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Big City ◽  
The City

<p>Abstract : Low of skills and education background lead Tegal society was unable to access the economic formal sector in urban areas. Then, they choose the informal sectors such as street vendors, pedicab, and others to get money. Warung Tegal is one of to be a solution to keep them alive in the city. Warung Tegal become one of the solution to address this problem, moreover Warung Tegal is does not need high education and specific skills to do. The purpose of this research is to identified how Warung Tegal as a informal sector can stay and keep growing as high as city’s development to be a buffer the economic of the city. Theory that use in this research is Pierre Bourdieu’s social capital. The method that use in this research is qualitative research. The approach that use is case study and the sampling method is purposive sampling. Warung Tegal can be one of solution that can stay and compete in economic of the city. It prove that Warung Tegal can give a economic welfare to Tegal society. It can be seen that there are a lot of warteg with high persistent, mutual cooperation, and high social capital between warteg seller give a power to each other to stay in the city. Although they live in a long term in Jakarta, but they do not forget their hometown. Aplusan is a chance for them to back to their hometown. Tegal that seen as a village and Jakarta as a big city can make a strong bond between them. The conclution is Warung Tegal as a informal sector give a different point of view of city, not just a city that full of luxury but a city that look through informal sector as economic buffer zone.<br />Keywords : City, informal sector, social capital, village, warung tegal</p><p>Abstrak : Rendahnya keterampilan dan latar belakang pendidikan menyebabkan masyarakat Tegal tidak dapat mengakses sektor formal ekonomi di daerah perkotaan. Kemudian, mereka memilih sektor informal seperti pedagang kaki lima, becak, dan lain-lain untuk mendapatkan uang. Warung Tegal adalah salah satu solusi untuk membuat mereka tetap hidup di kota. Warung Tegal menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini, terlebih lagi Warung Tegal tidak membutuhkan pendidikan tinggi dan keterampilan khusus untuk melakukannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana Warung Tegal sebagai sektor informal dapat tetap dan terus tumbuh setinggi perkembangan kota untuk menjadi penyangga ekonomi kota. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modal sosial Pierre Bourdieu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dan metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Warung Tegal dapat menjadi salah satu solusi yang dapat bertahan dan bersaing dalam ekonomi kota. Ini membuktikan bahwa Warung Tegal dapat memberikan kesejahteraan ekonomi bagi masyarakat Tegal. Dapat dilihat bahwa ada banyak warteg dengan persistensi, kerja sama timbal balik, dan modal sosial yang tinggi antara penjual warteg memberikan kekuatan untuk satu sama lain untuk tinggal di kota. Meskipun mereka hidup dalam jangka panjang di Jakarta, tetapi mereka tidak melupakan kampung halaman mereka. Aplusan adalah kesempatan bagi mereka untuk kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Tegal yang dilihat sebagai desa dan Jakarta sebagai kota besar dapat membuat ikatan yang kuat di antara mereka. Kesimpulannya adalah Warung Tegal sebagai sektor informal memberikan sudut pandang yang berbeda dari kota, bukan hanya kota yang penuh kemewahan tetapi kota yang melihat melalui sektor informal sebagai zona penyangga ekonomi.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Kota, sektor informal, modal sosial, desa, warung tegal</p>

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