scholarly journals INTELLECTUALS IN THE FACE OF HISTORIC TURMOIL: “THE REVENGE OF THE PRINTER” BY STANISLAV ROSOVETSKYJ AS ACADEMIC FICTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (93) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
О.В. Блашків
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Biography ◽  
Academic Novel ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Times ◽  
Renaissance Man ◽  
Academic Fiction

Since mid-twentieth century the academic novel has been treated in English literary criticism as a separate literary genre centered on the life of professors. Often the action takes place on and outside of campus, revealing the professors’ private concerns. Satire is a characteristic feature of academic novels, which usually drives the action. In these novels university appears as a “microcosm of society at large.” Even though the academic novel is an emerging genre in Ukrainian literature, there are texts which fall into this category. In the article the author analyzes “The Revenge of the Printer” by Stanislav Rosovetskyj as academic fiction. The novel has two plot lines, one of which is set in late 1580s in the times of Ivan Fedorov, another is set in the summer of 1991. The plot lines are joined by the setting, which is St. Onuphrius Monastery in Lviv, which in the twentieth century was turned into the museum of book-printing. The novel has the following features of the academic fiction: the main setting and the object of satire is theIvanFedorovMuseum, a cloistered institution like the university campus; the protagonist Shalva Bukviani is an academic and a professor of history facing the choice to leave the institution or to conform to the changing ideology. Collectively, these characteristics allow to define the main theme as the role of individual in the times of historical turmoil. Special attention is paid to the image of Fedorov, whose life in the novel is portrayed as a literary biography, based on research of contemporary Ukrainian historians alternative to the Soviet narrative. Due to the image of Fedorov as “Renaissance man” in the novel, the image of contemporary scholar appears as Sick Soul (M. Andryczyk), “a small Soviet man” unable to engage in protection of cultural heritage in the time of sociopolitical change.

scholarly journals MELAWAN STIGMA INFERIORITAS PEREMPUAN: KAJIAN NOVEL MIDAH (SI MANIS BERGIGI EMAS) KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER DAN NOVEL DI BALIK KERLING SAATIRAH KARYA NINIK M. KUNTARTO

LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-436
Author(s):  
Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Muakibatul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Feminist Literary Criticism ◽  
Pramoedya Ananta Toer ◽  
Female Figures ◽  
Data Grouping ◽  
The Times

Seiring berkembangnya zaman, tradisi yang mengengkang kebebasan kaum perempuan mulai diperjuangkan untuk dihapuskan melalui gerakan feminisme. Penyuaraan hak-hak perempuan tidak hanya dilakukan melalui gerakan-gerakan secara nyata, namun juga dilakukan secara halus dengan memasukkan ideologi-ideologi feminsime melalui karya sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk ketidakadilan gender dan bentuk perlawanan perempuan terhadap stigma inferioritas yang selama ini melekat pada diri perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis. Sumber data penelitian adalah novel Midah (Si Manis Bergigi Emas) karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer dan novel Di Balik Kerling Saatirah karya Ninik M. Kuntarto. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data-data bentuk feminisme yang ada di dalam kedua novel tersebut adalah dengan membaca kritis dan membaca berkesinambungan. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara (1) kodifikasi data, (2) pengelompokan data, (3) interpretasi makna teks, (4) deskripsi bentuk ketidakadilan gender dan bentuk perlawanan gender, serta (5) penyimpulan hasil analsisis. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, ketidakadilan gender dialami oleh dua sosok perempuan dalam dua novel berbeda, yaitu Midah dan Saatirah. Midah mendapatkan perlakuan tidak adil dari perjodohan yang dilakukan oleh orangtuanya dan dia juga mendapatkan ketidakadilan dari sosok pria yang menjadikannya budak pemuas nafsu. Saatirah mendapatkan perlakuan tidak adil dalam hubungan rumah tangganya. Kedua, bentuk perlawanan yang dilakukan oleh Midah dan Saatirah adalah dengan berusaha bangkit dari keterpurukan untuk membuktikan eksistensinya dan berusaha memperoleh kebahagian dengan cara yang mereka kehendaki tanpa ada campur tangan dari orang lain. Kata Kunci: stigma, inferioritas, marginal, feminismAGAINST THE STIGMA OF WOMEN’S INFERIORITY IN MIDAH (SI MANIS BERGIGI EMAS) A NOVEL BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER  AND DI BALIK KERLING SAATIRAH A NOVEL BY NINIK M. KUNTARTO AbstractAlong with the development of the times, struggles for traditions that curb the freedom of women began to be eliminated through the feminism movement. Voicing women's rights is not only done through real movements, but also subtly by incorporating feminine ideologies through literary works. This study aims to describe the form of gender injustice and the form of women's resistance to the inferiority stigma that has been attached to women. This study uses a feminist literary criticism approach. Sources of research data are the novel Midah (Si Manis Bergigi Emas) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and the novel Di Balik Kerling Saatirah by Ninik M. Kuntarto. The technique used to collect data on the forms of feminism in both novels is critical reading and continuous reading. The analysis was carried out by (1) data codification, (2) data grouping, (3) interpretation of the meaning of the text, (4) descriptions of forms of gender injustice and forms of gender resistance, and (5) concluding the results of the analysis. The research results are as follows. First, gender injustice is experienced by two female figures in two different novels, namely Midah and Saatirah. Midah received unfair treatment from an arranged marriage by her parents and he also received injustice from a male figure who made her a slave to the satisfaction of lust. Saatirah received unfair treatment in her household relationship. Second, the form of resistance carried out by Midah and Saatirah is to try to rise from adversity to prove their existence and try to get happiness in the way they want without interference from others. Keywords: stigma, inferiority, marginal, feminine

scholarly journals FORGOTTEN NAMES OF POLISH LITERATURE – KAZIMEZH TRUKHANOVSKY

2019 ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
T. Hajder
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Complicated Model

Polish literature is one of the leading positions not only in the Slavic world, but also well-presented at the global level. The article is devoted to the Polish writer of the middle of the twentieth century, whose name is unknown to the Ukrainian narratee, but his works are extremely interesting. The reasons why some writers do not fall into the field of wide-ranging research are different. In the case of the Kazimierz Trukhanovsky’s works, this is an insufficient research of the Polish literary criticism, the researchers are writing about it only now. Returning the names of interesting writers and attracting attention to their works is an actual and interesting task.The creative legacy of K. Trukhanovsky is quite extensive – it’s a romance cycle, story and short stories, individual novels. Philosophy, reflection and utopia are the most extensive characteristics of the writer’s works. The imagery and aesthetic background of the novels become clearer if we attract the work of artists, whose leading motive of creativity was the hell and the wandering of human souls in the search of divine light. The writer applied to mythologization and the magic properties of time-space measurements in the novel. Mythological and literary traditions are superimposed, as a result of which the author creates a complicated model of a labyrinthine novel.

ANNE BRONTË'S SHAMEFUL AGNES GREY

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hallemeier
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agnes Grey ◽  
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

For much of the twentieth century, literary criticism tended to be relatively dismissive of Anne Brontë's novels. While recent scholarship has argued for the complexity of gender and class dynamics in Agnes Grey (1847), there is little consensus as to what, precisely, those dynamics are. Elizabeth Hollis Berry suggests that Agnes “takes charge of her life” (58), and Maria H. Frawley argues that her narrative is a “significant statement of self-empowerment” (116). Maggie Berg and Dara Rossman Regaignon, however, highlight the continued subjugation of Agnes in the course of her narrative. These scholars’ divergent readings demonstrate how Agnes Grey and Agnes Grey can be read both as illustrative of what Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has famously described as the nineteenth century “female individualist” (307), and as instructive of the social strictures that circumscribed this identity. In this essay, I outline how shame works in and through the novel to bridge these opposing readings.

scholarly journals William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Reconsideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Mariwan Hasan ◽  
Diman Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Novel ◽  
William Golding ◽  
Imaginative Literature ◽  
Lord Of The Flies ◽  
In The Beginning

This paper reconsiders William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Allegorical writings can illustrate ethical, social or psychological and moral issues using the manipulation of images that have stipulated meanings other than their meanings as imitations of the actual world. Allegory has been used widely throughout history in all forms of art, and comprehensible for the reader, conveys hidden meanings through symbolic figures. Lord of the Flies had been written in relation to historical circumstances of the twentieth-century and to the personal experience of William Golding. Also, it has provided a critical analysis of the novel that treated the prominent perspective and elements in it. The novel is a parallel of life in the late twentieth century, while it looks like society a stage of enhancement in technology whereas, human morality is not completely mature yet. “Lord of the Flies is an allegorical microcosm of the world. The destruction of World War II because of the dictators who initiated this war has a profound impact on William Golding himself”. In the beginning, the paper gives an introduction to Golding’s point of view on humanity with the title of how to draw attention to me through allegory and fable, two forms of imaginative literature that encouraged the reader and listener to look for hidden meanings. Then it deals with William Golding’s Lord of the Flies from the cultural approaches of that time, who is one of the most prominent literary men of postmodernism that was famous for utilizing symbolism within the novel; “he used different kinds of symbols, characters, objects, animals, colors and setting to convey his message about his main theme”, in the last section we analyzed the postmodern features in Lord of the Flies and how they are used to depict Golding’s view. The way Golding uses allegory strengthens the symbolism of his novel. Finally, it tackles the educational value through his experiences in teaching along with critical analysis of Golding’s technique.

scholarly journals Kristin Stapleton (2016). Fact in Fiction: 1920s China and Ba Jin’s Family.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Ronald Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Chinese Literary Criticism ◽  
The City

There are few resources amongst contemporary Chinese literary criticism that manage to weave such insightful literary readings and incisive historical research as Kristin Stapleton’s Fact in Fiction: 1920s China and Ba Jin’s Family. The book accomplishes three feats, as set out by Stapleton in her introductory chapter, simultaneously incorporating a history of twentieth-century Chengdu (and its relevance to the developments in China during this period, more broadly) alongside the author’s biography of Ba Jin’s formative years in the city and the historiographical context of his novel Family. Such an undertaking by a less skilled author would have, perhaps, produced a work which simplifies the rich historical underpinnings of Ba Jin’s Family to supplementary readings of the novel, coupled with incidental evidence of the political and social machinations of the city in which its author grew up. Not so under Stapleton’s careful guidance. By reading the social and economic development of early twentieth-century Chengdu as much as its fictional counterpart in Ba Jin’s Turbulent Stream trilogy, Stapleton provides a perceptive reading of Family which invites the reader to consider how fiction can enrich and enliven our understanding of history.

scholarly journals Modernism, Postmodernism and the Nature of the Times: A Conversation with Randall Stevenson

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
ADRIANA NEAGU
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Epistemic Change ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Times

Abstract The interview offers a comprehensive, paradigmatic overview of the experience of literary modes within the broad frameworks of modernity and postmodernity. It invites reflection and rethinking of epistemic change from a major literary historian and theorist whose work in the Anglo-American context has become synonymous with the examination of temporality, historicity, and poeticality in twentieth century experimentation with form. Revisiting central concepts and aesthetic categories in literary criticism and theory, Randall Stevenson contributes a highly contemporary, ground-breaking vision of the literary act against the backdrop of the new structures of knowledge pertaining to the digital age and the post-humanist crisis.

Madness and the Romantic Poet

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Literary Biography ◽  
Romantic Poetry ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
Late Eighteenth

This book examines writing that has linked poetry and poets to madness, covering early literary criticism, biography, medical literature, and poetry itself, and moving between the late eighteenth and the twentieth century. More specifically, its purpose is to offer an account of the development and dissemination of the figure of the ‘Romantic mad poet’ in the nineteenth century, and to show how this figure interacted with coeval ideas about genius or creativity, and the varying fortunes in reception and reputation of Romantic poets, poetry, and conceptions of Romanticism generally. The opening sections address the currency of popular myths on the topic, and the relevance of modern psychological studies on mental illness and creativity. The greater part of the book focuses on reception, broadly conceived, discussing the Romantic conversation with classical and early modern ideas about poetic madness; attitudes towards the creative and literary mind in the psychiatric medicine of the period; contemporary reviews of Romantic poetry, and the hostile rhetoric of insanity they deployed; and life-writing, moving from early brief lives and popular anthologies of the ‘infirmities of genius’ to the larger narratives of irrationality in Victorian literary biography. Figures discussed include Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Hazlitt, Byron, Lamb, Shelley, and Clare. The book reassesses how Romantic writers both contributed to and resisted the construction of the mad poet, or new and rediscovered mythologies of poetic madness. Finally, the Romantic mad poet is considered as an image of the artist in modernity, and the image’s long afterlife and importance are explained.

scholarly journals Hope amidst Despair: Revisiting John Steinbeck’s Novel The Grapes of Wrath in the times of COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shanthi ◽  
◽  
Lizella Faria Gonsalves ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Times

Death has always been co-existing amidst all life-forms. But when it turns its vehemence on humanity with all its force by means of pandemics, epidemics, wars or natural calamities then it gets its due, acting as a great equalizer. The Catastrophic Corona, today has revolutionized the face of humanity and the Existential Angst is acutely felt. The boundaries and demarcations of caste, creed, religion, region and gender have been ignored by the virus levelling all to the mercy of greater powers. The subversion of capitalism and deconstruction of the binaries like positive and negative, the physical and the virtual have induced discourse subjected to critical study. Since Literature and Life has always gone hand-in-hand, it is natural to witness the saga of human turmoil and suffering being portrayed in literary works. Albert Camus’s novel, The Plague is a classic example of the precariousness of human life and existential isolation. But as devastating as a pandemic or an epidemic is, equally ravaging are the forces of nature and crippling circumstances which lead to unsurmountable suffering and pain. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath is an evocative saga of resilience and survival amidst the onslaught of the Dust Bowl and the Great Economic Depression. The Joad family in the novel represents a microcosm of the universal suffering and their story finds echoes in the hearts of many in such times as the present COVID-19 crisis. This paper aims at a study of the socio-economic and psychological factors affecting humanity during crisis through the study of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. It would be an endeavor to evaluate the changes and adapt to the ‘New Normal.’

Tantangan Pondok Pesantren dalam Menghadapi Era Bonus Demografi

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-434
Author(s):  
Ibnu Chudzaifah
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Current Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Times

Pondok Pesantren is one of the Islamic educational institutions that aim to form human beings who have noble character, so that created a human who has a balance between physical and spiritual. Some educational institutions offer various models of learning to balance the current development so that its existence is still recognized by the community. While boarding school in dealing with the development of the times, has a commitment to make new innovations by presenting the pattern of education that can give birth to a reliable Human Resources. Especially pesantren currently has a challenging enough weight in facing the era of "Demographic Bonus". Demographic bonus is a phenomenon in which the structure of the population greatly benefits the community from the side of development in various sectors, because the productive age is more than the non productive age. This means that the dependency burden will decrease with the ratio of 64 percent of the productive age population to bear only 34 percent of the nonproductive age population. With all kinds of scholarships and skills given to students, students are expected to compete in all fields, especially in the face of Indonesia gold in 2020 to 2035.

The Rain Calls of Frogs and the Reigning Paradigm of American Herpetology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
The Times ◽  
Traditional Natural ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
The Comparative Study

American zoologists and herpetologists during the past fifty years have successfully deciphered the mating calls of frogs and toads with ever increasing precision and sophistication. However, the vocalizations most commonly termed “rain calls,” which typically occur beyond both normal breeding seasons and breeding sites, have remained a persistent puzzle. This article traces the gradual disappearance of rain calls, along with a corresponding decline in any mention of emotional states, from herpetological studies of anuran vocalizations in the United States from the middle of the twentieth century to the present and examines the historical roots of this disappearance. This evaporation of rain calls is indicative of a much larger change in the scientific climate of the times involving the transition from traditional natural history to the Neo-Darwinian, adaptationist paradigm of contemporary biology. Rain calls thus increasingly became anomalous, thereby eliminating a possibly fruitful line of inquiry in the comparative study of human-animal communication, in this case with evolution's earliest vocalizers. The contours and benefits of a more encompassing paradigm, envisioned by some leading early twentieth-century zoologists, are briefly discussed.

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