scholarly journals Ideological determination of political and legal transformations in the countries of the New World of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
N. N. Ravochkin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

IX. Asians Compared: Some Observations regarding Indian and Indonesian Indentured Labourers in Surinam, 1873-1939

Itinerario ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Emmer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
The 19Th Century

The drive towards the abolition of the slave trade at the beginning of the 19th century was not effective until the 1850s. It was perhaps the only migratory intercontinental movement in history which came to a complete stop because of political pressures in spite of the fact that neither the supply nor the demand for African slaves had disappeared.Because of the continuing demand for bonded labour in some of the plantation areas in the New World (notably the Guiana's, Trinidad, Cuba and Brazil) and because of a new demand for bonded labour in the developing sugar and mining industries in Mauritius, Réunion, Queensland (Australia), Natal (South Africa), the Fiji-islands and Hawaii an international search for ‘newslaves’ started.

The Ferry

Antiquity ◽  
1944 ◽  
Vol 18 (71) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
F. W. Robins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Sacramento River ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
The 19Th Century

The story of the ferry is, at the outset, the story of the boat. It begins with prehistoric man noticing that wood will float and possibly, from the riding of birds and small animals, that it will carry a burden according to its size and character. Observant and imitative, the human animal, in the childhood of the world, proceeds to experiment gingerly and doubtfully at first, boldly and confidently—perhaps in some cases too boldly and confidently, later. He mounts himself astride a log and propels it, probably at first with his legs, towards the opposite bank of the river near which he lives. On the other side lies a new world, with resources untapped, especially in the matter of food, which he is anxious to reach. Even in the middle of the 19th century Pickering (Races of Man) speaks of men in the tide waters of the Sacramento river crossing, standing on split logs.

scholarly journals Determination of Velocity of Detonation Using Dautrich Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Darko Šunjić ◽  
Stipo Buljan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Velocity Of Detonation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Explosive Forming

Explosive forming appeared at the end of the 19th century as unconventional technology that provides new methods to get workpieces with bigger dimensions and complex geometries. As a source of energy this technology uses explosives. Explosive, as such, is relatively inexpensive and theoretically with it, it is possible to get any amount of energy that is needed. Explosive forming is used with other technologies such as deep drawing, expansion of pipes, welding etc. One of the main explosive characteristics is the velocity of detonation that can be determined, inter alia, with the Dautrich method. This paper clarifies the method and gives a case study with explosive Vitezit 20.

scholarly journals Quarantine as a tool of epidemic fight

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Renata E. Paliga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until the 19th century, the factor causing epidemics was not known, and the escape from a place where it occurred as well as isolation of patients was considered to be the only effective way to avoid illness and death. Quarantine in a sense similar to modern times was used in 1377 in Ragusa, today’s Dubrovnik, during the plague epidemic. It was the first administratively imposed procedure in the world’s history. It was later used in Venice and other rich port cities in the Mediterranean. On the territory of today’s Poland, quarantine measures were used by the so-called Mayor of the Air – LukaszDrewno in 1623 during the plague epidemic in Warsaw. The quarantine left its mark on all areas of human activity. It affected all humanity in a way that is underestimated today. Throughout history, it has been described and presented visually. It is omnipresent in the world literature, art and philosophy. However, the isolation and closure of cities, limiting trade, had an impact on the economic balance, and the dilemma between the choice of inhabitants’ health and the quality of existence, i.e. their wealth, has been the subject of discussions since the Middle Ages. Since the end of the 19th century, quarantine has lost its practical meaning. The discovery of bacteria and a huge development of medical and social sciences allowed limiting its range. In the 20th century isolation and quarantine no longer had a global range, because the ability to identify factors causing the epidemic, knowledge about the incubation period, carrier, infectiousness, enabled the rational determination of its duration and territorial range. The modern SARS COV 2 pandemic has resulted in a global quarantine on a scale unprecedented for at least three hundred years. The aim of this paper is to present the history of quarantine from its beginning to the present day, including its usefulness as an epidemiological tool.

Geodetic foundations of cartography in Europe in 19th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 977 (11) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
М. Lapaine
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Geodetic Surveying

Geodetic surveying comprises the determination of locations on and the dimensions of the earth’s surface at a various scales. In the 19th century, its technologies are those of direct measurement of the earth’s surface combined with astronomical observations. Its social context encompasses all those individuals and institutions involved in the creation, preservation, use, and arrangement of knowledge of the earth. In the introductory part of the paper the author mentions several important events in the history of the 19th century geodesy. Geodetic work on determining the size of the Earth by measuring the lengths of the meridian arcs continues in this century. An international surveying organization was established and the international meter convention adopted. Basing on a detailed research of geodetic surveying in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe in the 19th century, a part of these surveys is presented that relates to Switzerland, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Austria, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. Common to all these geodetic surveys is that they were necessary for the development of cartography and were carried out by military institutions. The developed geodetic networks are characterized by the use of different ellipsoids, different prime meridians, different coordinate systems and their origin. In the area under consideration in the 19th century, there were five different ellipsoids in use suggested by Bessel, Bonenberger, Schmidt, Valbeck and Zach. Prime meridians were

scholarly journals Taxonomic clarification of the dinophyte Peridinium acuminatum Ehrenb., ≡ Scrippsiella acuminata, comb. nov. (Thoracosphaeraceae, Peridiniales)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Kretschmann ◽  
Malte Elbrächter ◽  
Carmen Zinssmeister ◽  
Sylvia Soehner ◽  
MONIKA KIRSCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scrippsiella Trochoidea ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Peridinium acuminatum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) was described in the first half of the 19th century, but the name has been rarely adopted since then. It was used as type of Goniodoma, Heteraulacus and Yesevius, providing various sources of nomenclatural and taxonomic confusion. Particularly, several early authors emphasised that the organisms investigated by C.G. Ehrenberg and S.F.N.R. von Stein were not conspecific, but did not perform the necessary taxonomic conclusions. The holotype of P. acuminatum is an illustration dating back to 1834, which makes the determination of the species ambiguous. We collected, isolated, and cultivated Scrippsiella acuminata, comb. nov. (strain GeoB 427) from the type locality off Kiel, Germany (Baltic Sea). We barcoded the species of the Thoracosphaeraceae using rRNA sequences and investigated the morphology of the strain using light and electron microscopy. As taxonomic result, we designate an epitype for Peridinium acuminatum, as no conflict with C.G. Ehrenberg’s protologue can be stated. It is indistinguishable from Scrippsiella trochoidea (likewise described from the Kiel Fjord) that we consider a later heterotypic synonym. Our study contributes to the disentanglement of dinophyte taxonomy in a very challenging case, and we trust that C.G. Ehrenberg and S.F.N.R. von Stein investigated different species under the epithet ‘acuminatum’. The complex nomenclature and taxonomy of Goniodoma, and its type species Goniodoma acuminatum, is discussed in the Electronic Supplement. We consider Pyrrhotriadinium, with the type species Pyrrhotriadinium polyedricum (Gonyaulacales), well suited to harbour all gonyaulacalean taxa so far assigned to Goniodoma and Heteraulacus as well.

scholarly journals The Woodlands: Archeological Investigations at the Sam Houston Home, Huntsville, Walker County, Texas

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Structural Character ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Historical Accuracy ◽  
The 19Th Century

The following report prepared by John W. Clark, Jr. presents the findings made during archeological excavations carried out at the site of Sam Houston's home, "The Woodlands," in Huntsville, Texas. The primary aim of the excavations was to search for evidence of the original alignment and character of the Houston Horne in order to assist efforts to restore the structure to its original configurations. Of particular concern were the original location of the house, the character of the original chimneys and a determination of the presence or absence of a front porch. This mission was only partially successful due to repeated disturbances in and around the site during more than a century of use following the Houston occupation. The alignment and structural character of the rear of the house were documented; however, subsurface evidence of the chimneys and the porch appear to have been destroyed during the years after Sam Houston moved from "The Woodlands." descriptive in condensing traditionally admirable job A secondary aim was to locate the original kitchen site if possible. Evidence from the excavations suggests that the representative kitchen structure which currently exists at the site is situated in approximately the same position as the original detached kitchen. No structural details of the Houston era kitchen were encountered. The final aim of these investigations was to provide documentation of the nature and extent of several additions to the original house which were made during the latter part of the 19th Century. Substantial structural evidence relating to this period of occupation was uncovered in the excavations. Although this report is in nature, Mr. Clark has condensed a large body of data into manageable form. The information presented in this report should prove helpful in obtaining historical accuracy in the restoration program now under way at the Houston Home.

scholarly journals National identity of the Serbs in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century

2006 ◽  
pp. 235-252
Author(s):  
Sasa Markovic
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 19Th Century

An attempt to establish a specific form of global uniformity by the dominant world powers, even if it is to a certain degree flexible and economically acceptable, proved to be imprudent and controversial. Autochthonous development of specific nations in all its traditional, religious and historical entirety is inaccessible and very sensitive to the form of the dominant ideological concept. Even if multiculturalism, multinationalism and multiconfessionalism belong to civilization heritage, it turned out that their declarative respect and haughty globalization was a risky experiment. European Union, supporting the project "Structuring of Europe", intends to prove its multinational (as well as any other multi determination) in the authentic interdisciplinary research work in the study of the past of each European nation. The idea of this project is based on the creative integrative link of the national identity of European nations and European super-national identity which stems from the mosaic of their existence. Attitude to the formation of national identity among the Serbs should be based on the research about the determination of national identity from the beginning of the formation of the Serbian state till today. During the 19th century and till the 1920s, I believe that one should - when determining the national identity among the Serbs - focus on the research about the role of education and culture in the national identification and on the attitude to the Yugoslav idea. The complexity of the problem also includes the specific interrelations between the idea of national identity and the standpoint of The Serbian Orthodox Church, as well as the enthusiasm of romanticism liberal ideas, party programmes, dominant elite and intelligentsia contemporary ideological influences and so on.

Globalization in the Ottoman Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Büşra Karataşer
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how globalization has played a decisive role in the Ottoman Empire and how it created reform through international trade policies and institutions. The first part will examine the concept of globalization and the integration of the Ottoman Empire into the West, the fundamentals of the Ottomanmentality and the effects of globalization on the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The second part will examine how globalization played a decisive role in the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century Ottoman economy, Ottoman international trade, and Ottoman external loans. The third part examines the institutionalization and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, reforms in naval affairs during the reign of Abdul Hamid II, and the organization of the navy. The fourth part will examine the institutional relations in the Ottoman Empire after globalization. Institutions will be examined in terms of how they were restructured or how new ones were created to adapt to a new world order.

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