Effectiveness of Banana Trunk as Protection Wall from High Velocity Shrapnel During Detonation of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

This paper is to investigate banana trunk fibre to be constructed alternatively for the sand bag and high energy absorption. The aim of this study also for enhancing method of absorption velocity shrapnel during detonated of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO), Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) and Improvise Explosive Device (IED). The study involved blast test which is providing high energy impact based on the amount of explosive used. Type of explosive were used are Emulex 180 with velocity of detonation 4500m/s to 5700m/s, Explosive energy 4.17 MJ/kg, density 1.13g/cc to 1.21g/cc and initiation were used are No. 8 Detonator. The structure of specimen is analysed using Stereo Microscope Image Analyser (35x zoom) which is an optical instrument that can observe the structure of the fragments (banana fibre) after blast test. Results shows that banana trunk can become a protection wall as it can absorb the impact of blast from explosion.

Low density optimization of emulsion explosive to improve blasting quality (MNK Max70)

PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia is a mining service company engaged in providing blasting services and the largest sales of explosives in Indonesia. PT Pamapersada Nusantara jobsite Kideco Jaya Agung is one of the customers of PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia in the blasting service business unit. On a far more optimal side, the development of commodity price conditions and operational needs is a common concern. From these conditions, one of the best target cost controls for blasting and fragmentation is to make adjustments and improvement to the quality and quantity of the use of bulk products. The high use of bulk products at the Kideco Jaya Agung Jobsite is a particular concern, especially for rocks that require a high powder factor value, thereby increasing blasting operation costs. From this condition, PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia strives to optimize the bottom value of density product emulsion MNK Max70 using chemical improvement from the previous 1.15 gr/cc to 1.05 gr/cc. This improvement has brought good results, where optimization in terms of using bulks product and blasting quality such as fragmentation and Velocity of Detonation (VOD) values are still in accordance with product standards.

INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF DONOR CHARGES ON THE DETONATION RATE OF LOW-SENSITIVITY EXPLOSIVES

The article discusses the creation, testing and implementation of new donor charges designed to initiate low-sensitivity explosives. The cast booster donor charges are made entirely of explosives obtained from the disposal of unnecessary ammunition – TNT, RDX and TEN. The donor charges differ from the mass-produced ones, and have a mass of 150 to 900 g. They also have high explosive characteristics: velocity of detonation from 7200 to 7500 m/s, density of 1.6 g/cm3, excellent water resistance and strength. Their initiating ability on low-sensitivity explosives is significantly better than the one of TNT presses. The velocity of detonation of the main charge of a low-sensitivity emulsion explosive initiated with a cast booster is up to 700 m/s higher than when initiated with a TNT presses. It is especially important when building objects in the constrained conditions, at development of mountain territories for decrease in action of shock air waves and elimination of possibility of mountain collapses and landslides In article advantage of use of cast intermediate detonators on safety of explosive works is proved at development of mountain territories. The new design allows an increase in the security of initiating the charges in the boreholes, which allows them to be initiated with two detonators simultaneously.

Influence of Different Polymeric Matrices on the Properties of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

Six different polymeric matrices were fabricated to reduce the sensitivity of PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate). The polymeric matrices used were individually based on Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) softened by plasticizer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) softened by oil, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plasticised by dioctyl adipate (DOA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane matrix, and Fluorel binder. A computerised plastograph mixer was utilised for producing three polymer-bonded explosives (PETN-NBR, PETN-SBR, and PETN-PDMS) based on the non-aqueous method. A cast-cured method was used to prepare PBX based on polyurethane (PETN-HTPB), while the slurry technique was used to prepare beads of PETN coated by either fluorel binder (PETN-FL) or based on PMMA forming (PETN-PMMA). The heat of combustion and sensitivities were investigated. The velocity of detonation was measured, while the characteristics of the detonation wave were deduced theoretically by the EXPLO 5 (thermodynamic code). The ballistic mortar experiment was performed to determine the explosive strength. By comparing the results, it was found that PDMS has the highest influence on decreasing the impact sensitivity of PETN, while the cast cured PETN-HTPB has the lowest friction sensitivity. On the other side, PETN-FL has the highest detonation parameters with high impact sensitivity. Several relationships were verified and the matching between the measured results with the calculated ones was confirmed.

Research on the Possible Application of Polyolefin Waste-Derived Pyrolysis Oils for ANFO Manufacturing

This work aims to evaluate the possible application of pyrolysis fuel oils obtained through the pyrolysis of waste plastics. by comparing both the blasting properties and morphology results of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO), which is applied in the mining industry, and ANFO based on pyrolysis fuel oils (FOs), as well as low-temperature properties of all tested FO samples. The low-temperature research includes the measurements of density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, pour point, and cloud point. Moreover, a stability analysis was carried out based on the Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) coefficient. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that despite pyrolysis FOs showing some differences in comparison with index FO, none of their properties indicated that pyrolysis FOs should be excluded from possible application in ANFO. Additionally, IR, XRD, and SEM analyses were conducted for all ANFO samples. The instrumental analysis did not show any dribbling effect. The blasting tests such as velocity of detonation (VOD), the heat of explosion, and post-blast fumes revealed that VOD values were lower in comparison to the reference ANFO sample. However, the observed differences were either negligible (heat of explosion) or small enough (VOD) to conclude that polyolefin waste-derived pyrolysis fuel oils can be applied as ANFO’s fuel component.

Influence of the Ammonium Nitrate(V) Porous Prill Assortments and Absorption Index on Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Blasting Properties

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) samples, which were obtained by blending two different types of ammonium nitrate porous prills (i.e., AN-PP7 and AN-PP8) with fuel oil (FO) were studied. Measurements of structure, crystallinity and morphology were performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. From the SEM analysis, it was indicated that a “wrinkled” structure characterized the crystal surface of the samples, which were based on two types of ammonium nitrate porous prill. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) confirmed that AN-PP7 had a higher absorption index in comparison to AN-PP8. Furthermore, it was shown that continuous AN phase transformations at precise temperatures took place. From the blasting test, it was indicated that the absorption index only had an influence on the content of toxic fumes. However, the velocity of detonation (VOD) depended solely on the ANFO density as well as the total volume of post-blast fumes.