scholarly journals Current State and Conditions of Landscape Formation of Ilovlya River Floodplain (Middle Don)

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Denis Solodovnikov ◽  
Stanislav Shinkarenko
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
High Water ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Current State ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Landscape Formation ◽  
Water Vegetation

The basis for the study is instrumental terrain profiling using level, geobotanical descriptions, GPR studies, soil sections and manual drilling with a soil sampler. The species composition of vegetation indicates very rare and short-term flooding in high water. Vegetation elements of the low floodplain are marked on the areas directly adjacent to the riverbed at altitudes up to 1.5 m above the inter-level level. Further, along the profile, there are no signs of flooding and standing water. In the soil section there are no iron oxide (II and III) and fading of salts in all horizons up to the depth of 150 sm. The borders between horizons are expressed unclear. This indicates sufficient surface moisture and thus washing of the upper horizons of the soil. The floodplain oak forest is in good condition, there are no dry-top trees. This also indicates that the soil and groundwater are not saline. Studies have shown that the location of the groundwater mirror is close to horizontal, and its level exactly corresponds to the water level in the river. This position of the ground water mirror is typical for river floodplains that occupy an intermediate position between the floodplains of humid and arid zones. The relief of the river floodplain was formed in more water years than observed in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The first floodplain level (low floodplain) has an excess of no more than 1–1.5 meters above the inter-level of the river. In modern hydrological conditions, only this level is guaranteed to flood every spring.

The effect of ground water-level on the yield of some common crops on a fen peat soil

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit

An account is given of a field experiment in the control of ground water-level in a Fen peat soil, together with its results on the yields of crops in a six-course rotation.The seasonal variations in rainfall are presented in terms of potential evaporation and soil moisture deficit. The effect of the water-level on the moistness of the soil above it is indicated. Even in a wet summer, drying was perceptible within 18–20 in. of the ground water-level between successive falls of rain.The fluctuations of the ground water-levels are discussed. Those of the high water-levels were chiefly due to individual incidences of rain causing rises short in duration, but sufficient in the case of water-levels within 20 in. of the surface to cause total waterlogging and surface ponding. Those of the deep water-levels were most influenced by evaporation, with steady and persistent falls during any rain-free period.The deterioration of the physical condition of the soil over high water-levels is shown in the result of sieving tests. In 6 years the loss of tilth over waterlevels within 20 in. of the surface was very marked and was discernible over those as low as 30 in.The possibilities of effectively using high ground water-levels occasionally in soils in good condition are shown by the results with celery and potatoes.

scholarly journals Gastrocopta armigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) and Gastrocopta theeli (Westerlund, 1877) in western Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, and their further occurrence in Asia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pupilloidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stefan Meng ◽  
Ulrich Bößneck
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Western India ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Water Line ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Western Asia

Gastrocoptaarmigerella (Reinhardt, 1877) has been described from Japan and is widespread in the Far East and China. Surprisingly, a few occurrences in central and western Asia have also become known. Forcart (1935) found G.armigerella in northern Iran. The authors found evidence of G.armigerella in western Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan. The form from northern Tajikistan described by Schileyko (1984) as G.huttoniana agrees morphologically with G.armigerella as well. Gastrocoptahuttoniana is known from western India and the Himalayan region. The evidence of G.armigerella from central and western Asia has come thus far from drift material at the high water line in river floodplains which suggests that these are sub-fossil or fossil shells (Holocene or Pleistocene) which have been relocated. No living example of Gastrocopta has been found there as yet. Possibly the species is now extinct in this region. Gastrocoptatheeli (Westerlund, 1877) is the most widespread Gastrocopta in Eurasia. Its area ranges from the Caucasus to the Far East. The findings reported here are the first for this species in western Tien Shan.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Status of the Fishery of Indwagyi Lake, Myanmar Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Luca Opperman ◽  
John Connalin ◽  
A. Wren Opperman ◽  
Zau Lunn ◽  
Htoo Naing Tun
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Current State ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
The Status

Aims: Indawgyi Lake, in northern Myanmar, is the country’s largest lake and among the largest in Southeast Asia. Although the lake’s fishery provides an important source of food and livelihoods, relatively little is known about the status of its fishery and how human actions are affecting it. Further, some basic information on fish populations has not been documented, such as the extent to which fish migrate, either downstream toward the Ayeyarwady River or into the lake’s tributaries. Similar to other lakes in the region (e.g., Inle Lake in central Myanmar), the fishing practices of Indawgyi Lake appear to be intensifying. Thus, improved understanding of the lake’s fishery and fish-migration patterns can inform future management. Study Design:  To gather preliminary information, we surveyed 6 villages around Indawgyi Lake collecting Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) about the migratory behavior of fish and current state of the fishery. Place and Duration of Study: Hepa, Hepu, Lone Ton, Lonsant, Mamon Kaing, and Nyaung Bin along Indawgyi Lake in Myanmar Methodology: We interviewed fishermen in large groups at 6 villages (approximately 60 fishermen overall), aggregating results into the six village groups due to the consensus style of interviews. We performed additional spatial analyses using Google Earth Engine. Results: Fishermen reported that nearly all the fish they commonly catch are migratory, with most using upstream tributaries for spawning during the wet season. Fishermen also reported that, although most tributaries remained in good condition, several have been severely impacted by land-use changes, including gold mining. Fishermen consistently reported that harvest levels have declined dramatically in the past two decades even as they deploy more nets. Across the villages interviewed, the top recommendation to combat declines was to increase/strengthen enforcement of regulations. Conclusion: This research demonstrates the utility of TEK to provide preliminary information on poorly studied systems that can inform conservation and management.

Population age structure and growth in four syntopic amphibian species inhabiting a large river floodplain

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Cogalniceanu ◽  
Claude Miaud
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Large River ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
River Floodplains

River floodplains are disturbance-dominated landscapes where floods are major regulators of both aquatic and nearby terrestrial communities. Amphibians are common inhabitants of floodplains and their life cycle depends on both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. We focused on how different syntopic species of amphibians reacted to the environmental conditions of a large river floodplain. We examined life-history traits such as population age structure and growth in small- and large-bodied species of anurans and urodeles in the lower Danube River floodplain in Romania. Two newt species, Triturus vulgaris (small-bodied) and Triturus dobrogicus (large-bodied), and two anuran taxa, Bombina bombina (small-bodied) and the Rana esculenta complex (large-bodied), were included in the study. The ages of individuals estimated by skeletochronology varied from 3 to 5–6 years for T. vulgaris and from 2–3 to 4–5 years for T. dobrogicus. In the anurans, ages varied from 2 to 5 years in B. bombina and from 4 to 10 years in the R. esculenta complex. The numbers of breeding opportunities (i.e., the number of years the adults reproduce) are similar in both newt species (3), while growth rates and age at maturity differ between the large- and small-bodied species. In anurans, the number of breeding opportunities for the smallest species, B. bombina (4), is associated with a high growth rate and earlier maturation. In the larger R. esculenta complex, the higher number of breeding opportunities (7) is associated with a low growth rate and delayed maturation. The study of age distribution and associated parameters provides useful information on population life history. We discuss how age structure and growth of amphibian populations in large river floodplains can be used as indicators of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Spring fen Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae in the Polish Western Carpathians – vegetation diversity in relation to soil and feeding waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Koczur ◽  
Paweł Nicia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Species Composition Of Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Patches ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Water Vegetation

<p>The species composition of vegetation associated with the Carpathian fens primarily depends on the type of water present and the hydrological feeding of the soils that occur there. These, in turn, shape the fertility of the fens. Those with typically formed <em>Carici-Agrostietum caninae</em> and <em>Valeriano-Caricetum flavae</em> fundamentally differ in the properties of their soils and feeding waters. These include differences in mineral content, pH, CaCO<sub>3</sub> levels, degree of peat decomposition, electrical conductivity and oxygenation of the waters that feed the fens. <em>Carici-Agrostietum caninae</em> is a homogenous plant association adapted to extreme habitat conditions. It is characterized by a very narrow range of essential soil and feeding water parameters. <em>Valeriano-Caricetum flavae</em> is a highly diverse association. Considerable diversity both in terms of plant species and vegetation structure reflects very wide ranges in the properties of soil and feeding water. Vegetation patches of transitory character were also identified. These contained plant species characteristic of both associations. The character of the vegetation depends mainly on fen soil pH and the degree of mineralization of the feeding waters. It is only these parameters that allow intermediate patches to be clearly distinguished. The degree of peat decomposition, mineral content and water oxygenation all differ for <em>Carici-Agrostietum caninae</em> and <em>Valeriano-Caricetum flavae</em>, whereas the values for intermediate patches display a range of parameters typical of both investigated associations. Consequently, vegetation present in these patches reflects to a greater or lesser extent one of the two analyzed plant associations.</p>

scholarly journals History of formation, taxonomic composition, biomorphological and ecological structure of the arboretum of Shatsk forest college named after V.V. Sulka

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
А. А. Dzyba ◽  
N. P. Rybchynska ◽  
А. А. Rybchynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mixed Groups ◽  
Species Being ◽  
History Of Formation

Arboretum of Shatsk Forest College named after V.V. Sulka, a valuable center of dendroflora for conservation and enrichment of biodiversity of Volyn Polissya, occupies an area of 1.5 hectares. The history of the formation of the arboretum of Shatsk Forest College named after V.V. Sulka from its creation to the present days (for 50 years) is given. The results of the arboretum dendroflora inventory are presented, with 147 species (109 rare species) belonging to 94 genera, 41 families, 23 orders, two classes. Most species belong to the Magnoliophyta division - 115 species (78.2%), whereas to Pinophyta division - 32 species (21.8%). Plants grow in the following plantings: groups, alleys, hedges, living walls, solitaires, and common mixed groups. 144 species of woody plants belong to phanerophytes, with mesophanerophytes (38.9%) (megaphanerophytes - 24.3%, microphanerophytes - 26.4%, nanophanerophytes - 10.4%) and 3 species of hamephytes predominating. An analysis of the ecological structure (in relation to: light demand, demand for moisture level, and demand for soil fertility) is given. The ecological structure is mostly represented by hemiskophytes - 65 species (44.2%) and heliophytes - 62 species (44.2%), while sciophytes - 20 species (13.6%) are significantly less represented. In relation to soil fertility demand, the following were identified: mesotrophs - 72 species (49.0% of the total number of species); slightly less oligotrophs (27.9%) and megatrophs (20.4%), and mesooligotrophs, which are the least represented - 2.7%. The range of woody plants species of arboretum consists of six types of hygromorphs, with mesophytes - 57 species and xeromesophytes - 25 species being the most common, whereas hygromesophytes - 4 species (2.7%) belong to less common. Almost by the same quantity hygrophytes (16 species, 10.9%), xerophytes (16 species, 10.9%), mesohygrophytes (18 species, 12.2%), and mesoxerophytes (11 species, 7.5%) are represented. The current state of woody plants was evaluated. 95% of woody plants are in good condition, with four species having satisfactory and four species - unsatisfactory condition.

scholarly journals Planktonic Protist Biodiversity and Biogeography in Lakes From Four Brazilian River-Floodplain Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Lentendu ◽  
Paulo Roberto Bressan Buosi ◽  
Adalgisa Fernada Cabral ◽  
Bianca Trevisan Segóvia ◽  
Bianca Ramos de Meira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Tropical Ecosystems ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACTWhile the biodiversity and biogeography of protists inhabiting many ecosystems have been intensely studied using different sequencing approaches, tropical ecosystems are relatively under-studied. Here we sampled planktonic waters from 32 lakes associated with four different river-floodplains systems in Brazil, and sequenced the DNA using a metabarcoding approach with general eukaryotic primers. The lakes were dominated by the largely free-living Discoba (mostly the Euglenida) and Ciliophora unlike previously sampled Neotropical environments, bu the community similarities between samples were likewise low. These protists inhabiting these floodplains potentially form part of the large diversity of unknown diversity in the tropics.

scholarly journals Characterization of habitats based on algal periphyton biomass in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA. Leandrini ◽  
IA. Fonseca ◽  
L. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
High Water ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Upper Paraná River Floodplain ◽  
Upper Paraná River ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
Paraná River Floodplain

Considering the relevant role played by the hydrological regime on the structure and functioning of floodplains, this study aims at characterizing different types of aquatic environments according to periphyton biomass and evaluating the influence of the fluviometric levels of the Paraná River and other forcing functions upon the periphytic community. Periphyton (chlorophyll a) was analyzed in 28 habitats, during the years 2000 and 2001, in high and low water seasons. Both years were characterized by lacking the characteristic high water season. The Principal Components Analysis revealed two groups. The first component was positively associated with hydrometric level, electric conductivity, pH and transparency, and negatively with total nitrogen and total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon and turbidity. The second component separated the habitats of Paraná River in the period of low waters from other environments, mainly for hydrometric level and high transparency values. Periphytic biomass of the habitats demonstrated that the maintenance of the functional integrity of the Upper Paraná River floodplain is closely related to its hydrologic cycle.

Modelling the response of floodplain aquatic assemblages across the lateral hydrological connectivity gradient

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gallardo ◽  
S. Gascón ◽  
M. González-Sanchís ◽  
A. Cabezas ◽  
F. A. Comín
Keyword(s):  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Hydrological Connectivity ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
River Floodplains ◽  
Flood Magnitude ◽  
Overlapping Peaks ◽  
Restoration Measures

Hydrological connectivity is one of the main controlling factors of habitats and aquatic assemblages on river floodplains. Nevertheless, the lack of universal measures of river–floodplain connectivity (i.e. the lateral hydrological connectivity, LHC) limits the comparison of the response of aquatic assemblages to hydrological connectivity and impedes the understanding of floodplain functioning across different systems. To address these needs, we tested the ability of six different LHC surrogates to model changes in richness, abundance and composition of aquatic assemblages across a Mediterranean floodplain (Ebro River, NE Spain). As shown by generalised additive models, LHC surrogates explained 15% to 65% of the richness and abundance of aquatic assemblages. Zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and phytoplankton showed overlapping peaks of richness at flood duration rates of 5, 15 and 30 days year–1 respectively. Redundancy analyses showed that LHC surrogates explained 17% to 37% of aquatic assemblage composition. Distance to the river and flood duration were the most important determinants of macroinvertebrate composition, whereas flood magnitude and water-level variability best accounted for the variance in zooplankton and phytoplankton compositions. Models based on LHC surrogates such as those presented here can help in predicting the consequences of restoration measures and may be useful in setting restoration goals for aquatic assemblages.

How to Measure Specific Deposit Washout and Backwash Efficiency of Granular Filters

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. van Staden ◽  
J. Haarhoff
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
South African ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
High Water ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Specific Deposit ◽  
Over Time

Practical experience shows that water treatment filters develop problems over time due to the routine running of the filter, including backwashing. There are difficulties in maintaining filters in good condition, given the eutrophic state of many South African raw waters, high water temperatures and the development of difficult-to-remove biofilm as a result. Such difficulties are often related to deposits accumulated on the filter media and it is, therefore, expected that the backwash system should be good enough to ensure that the filter is kept clean in the long run. This paper deals with a fairly simple operational option to significantly improve backwash efficiency at treatment plants where air and water are used consecutively. The paper describes methods used and typical results obtained in the testing of the quantitative benefits of multiple wash cycles. Multiple washing shows great promise for improving backwash efficiency, with an average of an additional 40% to 50% of the solids that would have been washed out with a single wash, removed by a second wash. Furthermore, third and even fourth washes continue to remove additional dirt from the filter. Multiple washing, therefore, may be a useful tool for the effective rehabilitation of a filter, as well as for routine operation procedures.

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