scholarly journals Biological management of pigeonpea stem canker caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
D.M. Pathak ◽  
R.R. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Biological Management

Diagnosing stem diseases.

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-196
Author(s):  
Shou-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Athelia Rolfsii

Abstract This chapter provides information on diagnosis of stem diseases, including disease symptoms, visual and microscopic examination, isolation and colony observation, DNA-based identification, and pathogenicity test. Stem disease management are also discussed. Hemp diseases including hemp southern blight (Athelia rolfsii), hemp charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), hemp stem canker, stem rot and crown rot (Fusarium), hemp crown rot (Pythium) among others were used as models.

scholarly journals Histopathology of Macrophomina Stem Canker Disease in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Maurya ◽  
Surinder Kaur ◽  
Vijay B. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of stem canker disease has recently emerged as an agriculturally important plant pathogen. Macrophomina stem canker disease (MSD), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a potentially serious disease in pigeonpea that occurs when reaches physiological maturity i.e., during flowering. The fungus incites necrotic lesions on stem and girdles the plant at the base leading to premature flower drop leading to complete witling and finally death of the entire plant. The mechanisms of infection remain to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated histopathology of MSD caused by M. phaseolina in pigeonpea seed and seedlings using light microscopy. Pigeonpea variety ‘Bahar’ was used in this study. Histopathological sections of seed, stem, root, and leaves were prepared and stained with safranin and trypan blue. Histopathology of the infected plant parts showed the presence of intercellular mycelia and microsclerotia in the cortex and vascular tissues. The germ tube colonized the plant with growth of seedlings following seed coat, cotyledon, stem, root and leaves. According to the results, the pathogen can penetrate and invade the seeds within 24 h post inoculation.

scholarly journals First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Associated with Stem Canker of Almond in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 994-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Chen ◽  
D. Morgan ◽  
R. H. Beede ◽  
T. J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
First Report ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Negative Controls

California is a major almond (Prunus dulcis) producer in the world. In September 2012, 2-year-old almond trees from an orchard in Fresno Co. with stem cankers were submitted for disease diagnosis. In a survey of the orchard, 12 ha (1,500 Nonpareil and 1,800 Monterey almond trees) of 48 ha trees had been killed apparently due to a stem canker. The cankers developed above the graft union, were covered with amber sap, and often girdled the trunk. Isolations made from tissues at the canker margins onto acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) yielded two fungi, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl (1). M. phaseolina and L. theobromae were isolated from eight and two of 10 cankered trees, respectively. No mixed infections were found. M. phaseolina isolates were characterized by gray hyphae that turned black with developing microsclerotia. L. theobromae isolates were characterized by white, aerial mycelium that turned mouse gray after 5 days. Young conidia were ellipsoidal, thick walled, initially hyaline, granular, and nonseptate; aged conidia were brown, 1-septate with longitudinal striations in the wall. Identity was confirmed by analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin 2 (BT2), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) gene regions. BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences of type specimens both for M. phaseolina (isolates 7E64 to 7E69: ITS, 100%; BT2, 99%; TEF-1α, 99%) and L. theobromae (isolates 7E86 to 7E88: ITS, 99%; BT2, 99%; TEF-1α, 100%). Sequences of three gene regions were deposited as GenBank accessions KC357271 to KC357279 (ITS); KC357280 to KC357288 (BT2); and KC357289 to KC357297 (TEF-1α). The pathogenicity of M. phaseolina and L. theobromae to P. dulcis cultivars Butte, Carmel, Nonpareil, and Padre was investigated in an orchard at KARE using four isolates of M. phaseolina (7E64, 7E65, 7E66, and 7E69) and two isolates of L. theobromae (7E86 and 7E88). Ten 2-year-old branches per isolate from 7-year-old trees were inoculated with each isolate in late September 2012, after removing the bark with a 7-mm cork borer and placing a 7-day-old 7-mm-diameter agar plug bearing mycelium of each isolate directly into the fresh wound, mycelium side down. Ten additional branches of each of the four cultivars were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs and served as negative controls. Three weeks after inoculation, the average lesion produced by M. phaseolina on Butte, Carmel, Nonpareil, and Padre was 53, 52, 41, and 37 mm in length, respectively. Lesions produced by L. theobromae were 191, 206, 194, and 103 mm in length on the four cultivars, respectively. No disease lesion, only wounds, were produced on negative controls. Lesions produced by both pathogens were longer (P < 0.05) than wounds on the controls (average length 10 mm on all cultivars). Both L. theobromae isolates killed branches of cultivars Butte, Carmel, and Nonpareil in 2 weeks. M. phaseolina and L. theobromae were reisolated from the inoculated branches, and no fungus was reisolated from controls. Based on pathogenicity results, L. theobromae is more virulent to almond branches than M. phaseolina. To our knowledge, this is the second report of M. phaseolina (2) and the first report of L. theobromae as pathogens of P. dulcis trees in California. References: (1) A. Alves et al. Fungal Diversity 28:1, 2008. (2) P. Inderbitzin et al. Mycologia 102:1350, 2010.

scholarly journals First Report of Stem Canker of Interspecific Impatiens Hybrids Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
S. R. Broderick ◽  
C. J. Balbalian ◽  
M. Tomaso-Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Report

Diseases of Amaranthus spp. caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and Macrophomina phaseolina

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Mihail ◽  
E. R. Champaco
Keyword(s):  
Stem Canker ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Grain Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Amaranthus Spp

Experimental plantings of several species and crosses of Amaranthus were monitored during the 1990–1992 growing seasons to identify diseases that might limit commercial production of grain amaranth in Missouri. Two diseases, previously unreported on the Amaranthus spp. being evaluated in Missouri, are described. Pythium stem canker, caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, was observed when high temperatures coincided with prolonged periods of soil saturation. Tan cankers with black borders developed at the soil line on nearly mature (flowering) plants and lodging was associated with 2.7% of plants examined. Of the species and crosses examined, A. cruentus (cultivar K436) and A. hypochondriacus × A. hybridus (cultivars K432, K433, and K593) were affected most severely by the disease. Differences in susceptibility among the 11 cultivars suggest the potential for the development of disease-resistant cultivars. Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, affected A. hypochondriacus × A. hybridus (cultivars K432 and K433) growing in two mid-Missouri locations in 1990. Key words: Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus × Amaranthus hybridis, charcoal rot, grain amaranth, stem canker.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from gummosis infected citrus reticulata

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Rubal C Das ◽  
Rajib Banik ◽  
Robiul Hasan Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the pathogenic organisms of gummosis disease of orange tree (Citrus reticulata). The pathogen was identified from the observation of their colony size, shape, colour, mycelium, conidiophore, conidia, hyaline, spore, and appressoria in the PDA culture. The crude chloroform extracts from the organism showed antibacterial activity against a number of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude chloroform extract also showed promising antifungal activity against three species of the genus Aspergillus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Shigella sonnie were 128 ?gm, 256 ?gm, 128 ?gm and 64 ?gm/ml respectively. The LD50 (lethal dose) values of the cytotoxicity assay over brine shrimp of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina was found to be 51.79 ?gm/ml. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v5i1.13378 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):125-133, 2010

Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen, and agro-ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Naseri ◽  
M. Gheitury ◽  
M. Veisi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
Soil Infestation

SummaryUnderstanding pathogen-agrosystem interaction is particularly essential when applying a control method to minimize pathogen prevalence prior to plant infection. To meet this requirement, frequency of major root rot pathogens isolated from bean root and seed, and their soil populations were examined in farmers’ fields. Multivariate analyses evidenced more frequent isolations of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani from root and seed compared to Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Two Fusarium species had denser soil populations than R. solani and M. phaseolina. More frequent isolations of pathogens were detected in root and seed collected from Abhar and Khodabandeh compared to Kheirabad region. Agronomic and soil variables corresponded less closely to root infections compared to soil infestation and seed infections. Bean market class, herbicide application, and planting depth were linked to root, seed and soil infestations. Such information provides a basis for increased confidence in choosing appropriate control strategies for a pathogen and region in sustainable agriculture.

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