scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM O USO DE EFLUENTE DE LATICÍNIO TRATADO POR PROCESSO BIOLÓGICO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-590
Author(s):  
Natalia Prado Fortuna Macan ◽  
Tamara Maria Gomes ◽  
Fabrício Rossi ◽  
Giovana Tommaso
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
E Mail

DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM O USO DE EFLUENTE DE LATICÍNIO TRATADO POR PROCESSO BIOLÓGICO  NATALIA PRADO FORTUNA MACAN1; TAMARA MARIA GOMES2; FABRÍCIO ROSSI3 E GIOVANA TOMMASO4 1Eng. de Biossistemas, Mestranda em Engenharia Agrícola, FEAGRI/UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-875, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. de Biossistemas, Profa. Doutora no Depto. de Engenharia de Biossistemas, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, R. Duque de Caxias, 225 - Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga - SP, 13635-900 Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. de Biossistemas, Prof. Doutor, Depto. de Engenharia de Biossistemas, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4Eng. de Alimentos, Profa. Doutora, Depto. de Engenharia de Alimentos, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO Os laticínios geram efluentes que podem ser reaproveitados na irrigação. No entanto, o efeito desses efluentes nos sistemas de irrigação ainda é pouco estudado. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de laticínio tratado por processos biológicos, classifica-lo quanto ao potencial de entupimento de emissores e avaliar a uniformidade do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento por meio da determinação dos coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD), de Christiansen (CUC) e estatístico (CUE). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições e avaliações dos coeficientes ao longo do tempo. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de três fontes de água: água de abastecimento (AB); efluente de laticínio tratado por sistema anaeróbio (EAN) e por sistema aeróbio (EA); e por três lâminas de irrigação, 50% (W1), 100% (W2) e 150% (W3) da evapotranspiração da cultura da beterraba. Após 40 horas de funcionamento, CUD, CUC e CUE foram classificados como “Excelente”, com valores superiores a 96%. As diferentes lâminas aplicadas não influenciaram nos coeficientes. Entretanto, ao longo do tempo, as três fontes de água utilizadas ocasionaram diminuição do CUD, CUC e CUE, sendo que a maior redução foi encontrada nas parcelas que utilizaram efluente anaeróbio. Palavras-chave: água residuária, reúso, coeficiente de uniformidade, gotejador, tratamento anaeróbio e aeróbio.  MACAN, N. P. F.; GOMES, T. M.; ROSSI, F.; TOMMASO, G.PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING DAIRY EFFLUENT TREATED BY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS  2 ABSTRACT The dairy industry produces effluents that can be reused on irrigation. However, the effect of these effluents on the irrigation systems is still little studied. Thus, the goals of this work were to characterize the dairy effluent treated by biological processes, classify it for its potential to cause emitter clogging, and evaluate the drip irrigation system uniformity by determination of emission uniformity coefficient (EUC), Christiansen coefficient (CUC), and Statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC). The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks, with a 3 x 3 factorial design, four replications, and coefficients evaluation over the time.  The treatments consisted of three types of water: freshwater (AB), dairy effluent treated by anaerobic processes (EAN), and effluent treated by aerobic processes (EA) at three irrigation depths – 50% (W1), 100% (W2), and 150% (W3) – of the estimated table beet evapotranspiration. After 40 hours of irrigation, EUC, CUC e SUC were classified as excellent, with values greater than 96%. The different irrigation depths did not affect the uniformity coefficients. However, the use of the three water sources led to EUC, CUC and SUC reduction over time, and the largest reduction was found on plots that used anaerobic effluent. Keywords: agro-industry, uniformity coefficient, emitter, reuse, anaerobic and aerobic treatment. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Uniformity Coefficient and Soil Moisture Distribution under Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Selvaperumal ◽  
E. Sujitha ◽  
I. Muthuchamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

Drip irrigation system uniformity can preserve a higher crop yield and deplete the initial investment of cost. The experiment was conducted at precision farming development centre research farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to evaluate the uniformity coefficient and soil moisture distribution under drip irrigation system. The experiment was designed under Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) which included three fertigation levels 80%, 100% and 120% of Recommended Dose of fertilizers which were replicated thrice. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) was obtained as 0.0207 per cent kept at a constant pressure of 50.66 kPa, Statistical Uniformity (SU) as 97 per cent and Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) as 0.9518. As the elapsed time increased, the rate of increase of wetted zone diameter decreased. A high R2 value of 0.97 shows the goodness of fit for the horizontal movement. The mean soil moisture distribution 39.2 per cent was observed below the emitter at the depth of 10 cm immediately after irrigation.

scholarly journals Design, Development and Evaluation of a Bucket Drip Irrigation System for Dry Season Vegetable Production in South-Eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Donatus Okwudiri IGBOJIONU ◽  
Christopher Ikechi OBINECHE ◽  
Juliet Nnennaya IGBOJIONU
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
South Eastern

In South-Eastern Nigeria, during the dry season from November to April, vegetables are always in short supply and consequently expensive. Hence, there is a need to design, develop an affordable and simple bucket drip irrigation system that can be used to grow vegetables under limited water supply conditions. Using the estimated consumptive use of the proposed crop okra and the area occupied by the crop stands, the capacity of the bucket as a source of water was computed. The bucket filled with water was placed at a head of 1 m. The water was allowed to flow through emitters located at 30 cm intervals along the lateral lines laid at the land slope of 2%. Two lengths of PVC tubes 11 m long, 1 mm thick and internal diameters 16 mm, Micro-tubes 5 cm long and internal diameter 1.2 mm, were used. The discharge from each emitter was determined through volumetric measurements. The system was then evaluated using the Christiansen’s method and the Merriam and Keller’s method and assessed using ASAE standards 1996(a) and 1996(b) performance rating. 22 sampled emitters evaluated from the lateral line showed total energy drop of 2.5 x 10-5 m, flow variation (FV) of 8%, coefficient of variation (CV) of emitter discharge of 0.02, uniformity coefficient (UC) of 97% and emission uniformity (EU) of 73%. The results show that the system is efficient and can be used by farmers to meet the demands for vegetables in the dry season.

Determination of Herbicide Residues using LC-MS/MS in Direct Seeded Cultivated Paddy under Drip Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Vinay B Patil ◽  
B K Desai ◽  
R Harischandra Naik ◽  
B G Masthana Reddy ◽  
M Bheemanna
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Direct Seeded

scholarly journals Kinerja Irigasi Tetes Tipe Emiter Aries Pada Tanaman Pisang Cavendhis Di Pt Nusantara Tropical Farm

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Muhamad Idrus ◽  
Andre Velthuzend ◽  
Didik Kuswadi ◽  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
I Gde Darmaputra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Cavendish Banana

This research was conducted in PT Nusantara Tropical Farm ( PT NTF) at Jepara, Margosakti, Labuhan Ratu, East Lampung District.  The plants which were cultivated in PT NTF such as Cavendish banana, pineapple, crystal guava, and naga fruit. The irrigation being used to irrigated cavendish banana is drip irrigation method with Aries emitter type. Watering method of drip irrigation system that used for Cavendish banana is cross watering and block watering methods. The goals of this research were to determine the performance of drip irrigation line for Cavendish banana by using both kinds of watering method.  The performance indicator of irrigation system included the conveyance efficiency, the uniformity coefficient, the length time irrigation, and the amount of fuel consumption for diesel machine of a pump. The result of this research showed that the value of the conveyance efficiency of drip irrigation with cross watering method was 90,2% and 80,0% for block watering method. The uniformity coefficient on cross watering method was 87,55% and 97,10% for block watering method.  The amount of fuel consumption for 10,46 ha area with cross watering method was 29,49 l  and 40,52 l  for 10,2 ha area with block watering method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Uniformity Coefficient and Soil Moisture Distribution under Drip Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Selvaperumal ◽  
E. Sujitha ◽  
I. Muthuchamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

Drip irrigation system uniformity can preserve a higher crop yield and deplete the initial investment of cost. The experiment was conducted at precision farming development centre research farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to evaluate the uniformity coefficient and soil moisture distribution under drip irrigation system. The experiment was designed under Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) which included three fertigation levels 80%, 100% and 120% of Recommended Dose of fertilizers which were replicated thrice. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) was obtained as 0.0207 per cent kept at a constant pressure of 50.66 kPa, Statistical Uniformity (SU) as 97 per cent and Coefficient of Uniformity (CU) as 0.9518. As the elapsed time increased, the rate of increase of wetted zone diameter decreased. A high R2 value of 0.97 shows the goodness of fit for the horizontal movement. The mean soil moisture distribution 39.2 per cent was observed below the emitter at the depth of 10 cm immediately after irrigation.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA UMIDADE DO SOLO EM IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO SOB CULTIVO PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Ivana Furio Batista ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback ◽  
Juliana Aguiar Vettorato
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Magnitude Range ◽  
Experimental Variogram ◽  
E Mail

VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA UMIDADE DO SOLO EM IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO SOB CULTIVO PROTEGIDO[1]   Ivana Fúrio BatistaCélia Regina Lopes ZimbackJuliana Aguiar VettoratoDepartamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected]    1 RESUMO              Foi estudada a variabilidade espacial da umidade do solo num sistema de irrigação por gotejamento em uma estufa (5,0 x 20,0m) na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi estabelecida a malha de amostragem no espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5m, acrescida de quatro adensamentos de 0,25m. Foram utilizados dados da umidade do solo em 178 pontos. A análise da dependência espacial foi obtida com o auxílio do Programa GS+. Foi construído o variograma experimental e definido o modelo de ajuste, de modo que a curva que melhor se ajustou aos pontos obtidos representasse a magnitude, alcance e intensidade da variabilidade espacial da variável estudada. A umidade do solo apresentou distribuição espacial anisotrópica. Para a direção 0°, pode-se notar uma dependência espacial caracterizada como alta, com o alcance de aproximadamente 3,30m, no sentido do comprimento da estufa. Entretanto, no sentido da largura da estufa, não foi possível ajustar modelos. Utilizando a representação gráfica da superfície, a área estudada apresentou um maior teor de água na parte inicial e menor na parte final das linhas de distribuição de água. A krigagem mostrou-se um bom interpolador para mapeamento da umidade do solo.  UNITERMOS: geoestatística, dependência espacial, umidade do solo, irrigação por gotejamento, cultivo protegido.   BATISTA, I.F.; ZIMBACK, C.R.L.; VETTORATO, J.A.  SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL MOISTURE IN A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM UNDER GREENHOUSE   2 ABSTRACT             Soil moisture spatial variability in a drip irrigation system was studied in a greenhouse (5.0 x 20.0m) at São Manuel Experimental Farm, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu – SP, Brazil. Sampling was established in a 1.0 x 0.5m grid, increased 0.25m thickening. Soil moisture data were used in 178 points. The spatial dependence analysis was obtained with the aid of the GS+ Program. The experimental variogram was built and the setting model defined, so that the curve better fitted to the obtained points represented the spatial variability magnitude, range and intensity of the studied variable. Soil moisture presented anisotropic spatial distribution. Spatial dependence was noticed for 0° direction, characterized as high, with approximately 3.30m range in the greenhouse length ward. However, in the greenhouse width ward, it was not possible to fit models. Using the surface graphic representation, the studied area presented higher water content in the initial part and a lower one in the final part of water distribution lines. Kriging was shown to be a good interpolator for soil moisture mapping.  KEYWORDS: geostatistics, spatial dependence, soil moisture, drip irrigation, greenhouse.

scholarly journals Study of the Hydraulic Performance Parameters of the Drip Irrigation System at Various Operating Pressures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth J. Kapupara ◽  
Hina M. Bhatu ◽  
Jay Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Discharge ◽  
American Society

Background: Drip irrigation system is one of the best water application methods that have been used in the world among the other irrigation methods because of its upright and high uniformity and high-water use efficiency. Hydraulic performance evaluation is widely accepted for the evaluation of overall uniformity of a drip irrigation system. Methods: In an experimental study carried out at School of Engineering, RK University, Rajkot; hydraulic performance evaluation parameters viz., Pressure discharge relationship, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CU), manufacturing coefficient of variation (CVm) and emission uniformity (EU) of non-pressure compensating emitters were calculated for 2 lph inline and 2 lph, 4 lph, 8 lph online emitter at various operating pressure of 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 kg/cm2 as per American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASAE) standards. Result: The study concluded that rated discharge of the emitter can be obtained at the operating pressure of 1.0 kg/cm2. Pressure discharge relationship revealed that discharge of the emitter upsurges as pressure rises. CU and EU were more than 95% for all the cases and they were maximum at 1.0 kg/cm2. CVm was less than 0.0200 for all the cases and it was minimum at 1.0 kg/cm2. Study concludes that all the parameter viz., CU, EU and CVm were excellent and very good categories for all emitters as per American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASAE) standards.

scholarly journals UNIFORMITY OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH LIQUID PEAT ON DIFFERENT SLOPES

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Allan Remor Lopes ◽  
Marcio Antonio Vilas Boas ◽  
Felix Augusto Pazuch ◽  
Luciano Dalla Corte ◽  
Benedito Martins Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Cusum Control Charts ◽  
Drip Fertigation

UNIFORMITY OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH LIQUID PEAT ON DIFFERENT SLOPES     ALLAN REMOR LOPES1; MARCIO ANTONIO VILAS BOAS1; FELIX AUGUSTO PAZUCH1; LUCIANO DALLA CORTE1; BENEDITO MARTINS GOMES1; ROSEBEL TRINDADE CUNHA PRATES2   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola (PGEAGRI) – Departamento de Recursos Hídricos e Saneamento Ambiental (RHESA), Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Rua Universitária 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP: 85819-110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Rodovia PR 182 Km 02, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brasil, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   The use of liquid peat is an alternative to use of mineral fertigation However, it is necessary to monitor the uniformity of this organomineral fertilizer in order to obtain its adequate use, so the organomineral fertilizer can produce better quality crops. This study aimed to evaluate the uniformity of a drip fertigation system with liquid peats on different slopes. The experiment was carried out on a test bench, where the flow rate of the drippers was determined and subsequently its uniformity was calculated using the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUC) fot the treatments in level (0%), uphill (2%) and downhill (2%). The experimental statistics were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test at 5% probability to compare uniformity, in addition to the analysis of the process by Shewhart and CUSUM control charts. Liquid peat showed excellence in its uniformity (>90%) while used for drip irrigation systems. The liquid peat applied at the level slope was the most uniform, followed by upslope and downslope treatments, respectively. Through Shewhart and CUSUM control charts, it was possible to affirm that fertigation with liquid peat in level obtained a better performance.   Keywords: control chart, uniformity, organomineral fertilizer, microirrigation.     LOPES, A. R.; VILAS BOAS, M. A.; PAZUCH, F. A.; DALLA CORTE, L.; GOMES, B. M.; PRATES, R. T. C. UNIFORMIDADE DE SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM TURFA LÍQUIDA EM DIFERENTES INCLINAÇÕES     2 RESUMO   O uso da turfa líquida é uma alternativa ao uso da fertirrigação mineral. No entanto, é necessário o monitoramento da uniformidade deste fertilizante organomineral para obter seu uso adequado, assim o fertilizante organomineral pode produzir culturas de melhor qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a uniformidade de um sistema de fertirrigação por gotejamento com turfa líquida em diferentes inclinações. O experimento foi conduzido em uma bancada de testes, onde a vazão dos gotejadores foi determinada e consequentemente sua uniformidade pelo Coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) para os tratamentos em nível (0%), aclive (2%) e declive (2%). A estatística experimental foi determinada pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade na comparação da uniformidade, complementando os gráficos de controle de Shewhart e CUSUM. A turfa líquida apresentou excelência na sua uniformidade (> 90%) em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento. A turfa aplicada em nível (0%) foi a mais uniforme, seguido pelos tratamentos em aclive e declive, respectivamente. Através dos gráficos de controle de Shewhart e CUSUM foi possível afirmar que a fertirrigação em nível obteve uma melhor performance.   Palavras-chave: gráficos de controle, uniformidade, fertilizante organomineral, microirrigação.

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