Traditional Games Of Manipur With Special Reference To Sagol Kangjei (Polo): A Fresh Survey

The paper is a fresh survey on the indigenous games of Manipur with reference to Sagol Kangjei. The Meiteis of Manipur have keen interest in their indigenous games as it does ensure not only good health but also promotes in preservation of cultural heritage of the people. The genesis of the different indigenous games like Kiyang Lamjel, Sagol kangjei, Khong kangjei, Kang etc. may be traced in the ancient texts and other chronicles. The history of Sagol kangjei is vague. It is said that the playing of Sagol kangjei started during the reign of Kangba before the birth of Christ. Kangjei means Kangba’s stick and Sagol means horse. Sagol kangjei literally means king Kangba’s hokey on horseback. The ball used in playing Sagol kangjei is known as kangdrum or Kangba’s round object (ball among the Manipuris). According to tradition two teams known as North team and South team led by Marjing and Thangjing respectively played Sagol kangjei. Judges were selected by the Kangbural, the head of the tournament committee which consisted of Hantre Hunna Am (one starter), Matai Yengba Ani (two line judges), Panjal Paba Ani (two goal judges), Panjal Eba Ama (one scorer) and Moibung Khongba Ama (one buglar). There are no goal posts in this game. Goal line determines the end of the two boundaries of the rectangular field. To score a goal the ball must cross the line. There is no offside in this game. The game is now played in two styles- the Pana (original Manipuris style) and the International style Polo. Though the claim of being the state of origin of the Polo or Sagol kangjei has been made by a number of countries in the world it is indeed a fact that the present international game Polo owes its origin to Manipur.

SASADU: ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL JAILOLO HALMAHERA BARAT

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji arsitektur tradisional masyarakat Jailolo, yakni rumah adat sasadu. Rumah adat ini merupakan tempat dilaksanakannya ritual masyarakat Jailolo Halmahera Barat. Rumah adat sasadu berlokasi di Desa Taraudu, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Konstruksi rumah adat sasadu didirikan langsung di atas tanah. Bangunan ini berbentuk bidang geometris empat persegi panjang yang mencerminkan bentuk kebudayaan masyarakat Jailolo pada masa lalu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap bentuk dan fungsi ruang, struktur bangunan, ragam hias, dan kosmologi dalam asrsitektur sasadu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa bangunan sasadu berbentuk bidang geometris empat persegi panjang yang terbagi atas susunan antara lain (1) Ruang tengah; (2) Ruang samping, dengan susunan konstruksi atas terdiri atas atap samping dengan kemiringan rendah berpaut pada pinggir atas ruang tengah yang bersudut atap lancip. Letak bangunan arah timur-barat. Sasadu terdiri atas susunan atas dengan kemiringan rendah memiliki atap tengah berbentuk segi tiga sama kaki yang tinggi lancip. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sasadu memiliki tipologi geometris dalam bentuk empat persegi, dengan susunan atap lancip berbentuk segi tiga dan hiasan najung perahu pada kedua puncak ujung bubungan yang mencerminkan falsafah hidup masyarakat Jailolo pada umumnya. AbstractThis study examines the traditional architecture of Jailolo society, namely custom house Sasadu. This house is a ritual execution of public Jailolo West Halmahera. Sasadu custom house is located in the village Taraudu, West Halmahera. Sasadu custom house construction erected directly on the ground. The building shaped are rectangular field of geometric shapes that reflect the culture of the people Jailolo in the past. The purpose of this study is to reveal the shape and function space, structure, decoration, and cosmology in Sasadu architecture. The method of the research is descriptive with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and literature. Research findings show that the building of Sasadu are geometric shaped rectangular field that is divided into the composition include (1) Living room; (2) side room, with a composition consisting of a roof construction on the side with the lower slope of the interlock on the upper edge of the angled roof of the living room taper. The layout of the building are east-west direction. Sasadu consists of arrangement on the lower slope of the roof of the center has an isosceles triangular taper high. It can be concluded that Sasadu have geometric typology in the form of a square, with a pointed roof arrangement and triangular decoration najung boat on both ends of the ridge crest which reflects the philosophy of life of Jailolo society in general.

A novel neutron spin echo technique for measuring phonon linewidths using magnetic Wollaston prisms

A new method of implementing neutron spin echo measurement of phonon linewidths on a triple-axis neutron spectrometer is introduced, based on recently developed superconducting magnetic Wollaston prisms. Each arm of the spectrometer is composed of two Wollaston prisms with a rectangular field region between them. By introducing triangular and rectangular field regions, loci of constant spin echo phase can be manipulated easily to achieve the so-called phonon focusing condition. Unlike the neutron resonance spin echo method, which is tuned by physically tilting the field boundaries, the new device can be tuned electromagnetically to achieve the phonon focusing condition. By adjusting the field configurations, the linewidths of phonon excitations with high energy and large group velocity can be measured. By employing superconducting films to define the various field regions, high neutron transmission and good neutron polarization efficiency can be obtained.