scholarly journals WET BULB FORMATION IN SANDY AND CLAY TEXTURES UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-746
Author(s):  
Carla Effegem ◽  
JOABE MARTINS DE SOUZA ◽  
ROBSON BONOMO
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
E Mail

WET BULB FORMATION IN SANDY AND CLAY TEXTURES UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM     CARLA EFFEGEM1; JOABE MARTINS DE SOUZA2 E ROBSON BONOMO3   [1]Mestranda em Agricultura Tropical, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agricultura Tropical, UFES/CEUNES, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]. 2Pós Doutorando, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agricultura Tropical, UFES/CEUNES, BR-101, km 60 – Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]. 3Prof. Doutor, Depto de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, UFES/CEUNES, BR-101, km 60 – Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected].       1 ABSTRACT   This study aimed to evaluate the formation of wet bulbs in sandy and clayey cultivated soil. The evaluations were made in two Coffea Canephora cultivated areas, the soil texture being sandy to loam (area 01) or sandy clay (area 02) typical of coastal zones. For the wet bulb characterization, to measure soil moisture, several cylindrical access-tubes were mounted for use in time-domain reflectometry. The tubes were arranged at six points in relation to the plant, being one point on the planting line between two plants and five points on the planting line (0.10; 0.40; 0.70; 1.10 e 1.50 m of the plant), the measurements conducted in four depths ranges (0.00-0.20; 0.20-0.40; 0.40-0.60 e 0.60-0.80 m) with three replicates. The wet bulb presented vertical formation in the area with sandy to loam texture and reached a depth between 0.40 and 0.50 m, with a range of up to 0.10 m between coffee lines. The wet bulb formation occurred in the horizontal direction in the area with sandy clay texture, reaching depth values of 0.20 to 0.30 m, with a range of 0.10 to 0.15 m between lines.   Keywords: drip irrigation, irrigation management, water movement in the soil     EFFEGEM, C.; SOUZA, J. M. de; BONOMO, R. BULBO MOLHADO EM TEXTURA ARENOSA E ARGILOSA SOB IRRIGAÇÃO LOCALIZADA     2 RESUMO   Objetivou-se avaliar a formação do bulbo molhado em solo arenoso e argiloso cultivado, sob irrigação localizada. As avaliações ocorreram em duas áreas cultivadas com cafeeiro Conilon, sendo o solo de textura de arenosa a média (área 01) e textura argilo arenosa (área 02), típico de tabuleiros. Para a caracterização do bulbo molhado foi realizada instalação de tubos de acesso para medição da umidade do solo por meio da reflectometria no domínio do tempo. Os tubos foram dispostos em seis pontos em relação à planta, sendo um ponto na linha de plantio do cafeeiro entre duas plantas, e em cinco pontos na entre linha (0,10; 0,40; 0,70; 1,10 e 1,50 m da planta), sendo as medições realizadas em quatro faixas de profundidades (0,00-0,20; 0,20-0,40; 0,40-0,60 e 0,60-0,80 m) com três repetições. O bulbo molhado apresentou formação para a área com textura arenosa a média na direção vertical, atingido profundidade entre 0,40 a 0,50 m, com alcance de até 0,10 m na entrelinha do cafeeiro. A área com textura argilo arenosa a formação do bulbo se deu na direção horizontal, atingido profundidade entre 0,20 a 0,30 m, com alcance de 0,10 a 0,15 m na entrelinha do cafeeiro.   Palavras-chave: gotejamento, manejo da irrigação, movimento de água no solo  

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON COTTON PLANT GROWTH (Gossypium sp.)

Agric ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Syahruni Thamrin ◽  
Budiman Budiman ◽  
Baso Darwisah ◽  
Junaedi Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Design ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Average Plant

The condition of cotton planting in South Sulawesi is always constrained in the fulfillment of water. All plant growth stages are not optimal to increase production, so it is necessary to introduce good water management technology, such as through water supply with drip irrigation system. This study aims to analyze the strategy of irrigation management in cotton plants using drip irrigation system. Model of application by designing drip irrigation system and cotton planting on land prepared as demonstration plot. Observations were made in the germination phase and the vegetative phase of the early plants. Based on the result of drip irrigation design, the emitter droplet rate (EDR) was 34.266 mm/hour with an operational time of 4.08 min/day. From the observation of cotton growth, it is known that germination time lasted from 6 to 13 days after planting, the average plant height reached 119.66 cm, with the number of leaves averaging 141.93 pieces and the number of bolls averaging 57.16 boll.

scholarly journals How to Conduct an On-farm Dye Test and Use the Results to Improve Drip Irrigation Management in Vegetable Production

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Simonne ◽  
David Studstill ◽  
Michael Dukes ◽  
John Duval ◽  
Robert Hochmuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
On Farm

Improving irrigation management in vegetable crop production reduces production costs, saves water, and reduces the risk of nutrient leaching. As water movement in the root zone below mulched beds is difficult to see, injecting soluble dye through the drip irrigation system provides a simple and practical method to visualize water movement in the soil. Understanding water movement in raised beds is essential for improving irrigation scheduling and nutrient delivery. This document is HS980 one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July 2004. HS980/HS222: How to Conduct an On-Farm Dye Test and Use the Results to Improve Drip Irrigation Management in Vegetable Production (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Design of Automated Rainout Shelter to Conduct Experiment on Drought Tolerant Maize Genotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shiva Kumar Jha ◽  
Mahendra Tripathi ◽  
Balram Bhandari ◽  
Bhanu Pokharel ◽  
Tika Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Value Set ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotype ◽  
Rainout Shelter

Uneven and low precipitation areas of Nepal are continuously suffering from drought and received low productivity because of unavailability of suitable drought tolerant maize genotype. An attempt has been made first time in Nepal by constructing an automated rainout shelter with soil moisture based automated drip irrigation system at National Maize Research Program in 2018-2019 to conduct an experiment on drought tolerant maize genotype. The rainout shelters automatically covers the cropping area as soon as the rain sensor received a single drop of precipitation and also if the light intensity decreased to value set in the control panel. Likewise, the soil water level in different treatments were maintained on the basis of the treatment controlled with automatic drip irrigation system set to irrigate at threshold value set in the microcontroller. The complete system had found very useful in determining accurate amount of water required to cultivate drought tolerant maize genotype. We have tested drought tolerant variety RampurSo3Fo8 under 10 level of irrigation and it was determined that 495.2 mm of water is maximum level of water to produce highest yield of 3.32 t/ha whereas 445.6 mm to 247.6 mm of water could can be manage to produce competitive yield without any reduction. An experiment under such kind of infrastructure provide useful information on irrigation management practices required for drought variety in the natural environment. The research output also guides farmers and agriculturist in making Nepalese agricultural more sustainable, mechanized and productive.

scholarly journals VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA UMIDADE DO SOLO EM IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO SOB CULTIVO PROTEGIDO

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Ivana Furio Batista ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback ◽  
Juliana Aguiar Vettorato
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Magnitude Range ◽  
Experimental Variogram ◽  
E Mail

VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA UMIDADE DO SOLO EM IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO SOB CULTIVO PROTEGIDO[1]   Ivana Fúrio BatistaCélia Regina Lopes ZimbackJuliana Aguiar VettoratoDepartamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: [email protected]    1 RESUMO              Foi estudada a variabilidade espacial da umidade do solo num sistema de irrigação por gotejamento em uma estufa (5,0 x 20,0m) na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foi estabelecida a malha de amostragem no espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5m, acrescida de quatro adensamentos de 0,25m. Foram utilizados dados da umidade do solo em 178 pontos. A análise da dependência espacial foi obtida com o auxílio do Programa GS+. Foi construído o variograma experimental e definido o modelo de ajuste, de modo que a curva que melhor se ajustou aos pontos obtidos representasse a magnitude, alcance e intensidade da variabilidade espacial da variável estudada. A umidade do solo apresentou distribuição espacial anisotrópica. Para a direção 0°, pode-se notar uma dependência espacial caracterizada como alta, com o alcance de aproximadamente 3,30m, no sentido do comprimento da estufa. Entretanto, no sentido da largura da estufa, não foi possível ajustar modelos. Utilizando a representação gráfica da superfície, a área estudada apresentou um maior teor de água na parte inicial e menor na parte final das linhas de distribuição de água. A krigagem mostrou-se um bom interpolador para mapeamento da umidade do solo.  UNITERMOS: geoestatística, dependência espacial, umidade do solo, irrigação por gotejamento, cultivo protegido.   BATISTA, I.F.; ZIMBACK, C.R.L.; VETTORATO, J.A.  SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL MOISTURE IN A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM UNDER GREENHOUSE   2 ABSTRACT             Soil moisture spatial variability in a drip irrigation system was studied in a greenhouse (5.0 x 20.0m) at São Manuel Experimental Farm, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu – SP, Brazil. Sampling was established in a 1.0 x 0.5m grid, increased 0.25m thickening. Soil moisture data were used in 178 points. The spatial dependence analysis was obtained with the aid of the GS+ Program. The experimental variogram was built and the setting model defined, so that the curve better fitted to the obtained points represented the spatial variability magnitude, range and intensity of the studied variable. Soil moisture presented anisotropic spatial distribution. Spatial dependence was noticed for 0° direction, characterized as high, with approximately 3.30m range in the greenhouse length ward. However, in the greenhouse width ward, it was not possible to fit models. Using the surface graphic representation, the studied area presented higher water content in the initial part and a lower one in the final part of water distribution lines. Kriging was shown to be a good interpolator for soil moisture mapping.  KEYWORDS: geostatistics, spatial dependence, soil moisture, drip irrigation, greenhouse.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Variable-Rate Drip Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency in a Vineyard in Northern Italy

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortuani ◽  
Facchi ◽  
Mayer ◽  
Bianchi ◽  
Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Drip Irrigation System

Although many studies in the literature illustrate the numerous devices and methodologies nowadays existing for assessing the spatial variability within agricultural fields, and indicate the potential for variable-rate irrigation (VRI) in vineyards, only very few works deal with the implementation of VRI systems to manage such heterogeneity, and these studies are usually conducted in experimental fields for research aims. In this study, a VR drip irrigation system was designed for a 1-ha productive vineyard in Northern Italy and managed during the agricultural season 2018, to demonstrate feasibility and effectiveness of a water supply differentiated according to the spatial variability detected in field. Electrical resistivity maps obtained by means of an electro-magnetic induction sensor were used to detect four homogeneous zones with similar soil properties. In each zone, a soil profile was opened, and soil samples were taken and analyzed in laboratory. Two irrigation management zones (MZs) were identified by grouping homogeneous zones on the basis of their hydrological properties, and an irrigation prescription map was built consistently with the total available water (TAW) content in the root zone of the two MZs. The designed drip irrigation system consisted of three independent sectors: the first two supplied water to the two MZs, while the third sector (reference sector) was managed following the farmer’s habits. During the season, irrigation in the first two sectors was fine-tuned using information provided by soil moisture probes installed in each sector. Results showed a reduction of water use by 18% compared to the ‘reference’ sector without losses in yield and product quality, and a grape’s maturation more homogeneous in time.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM O USO DE EFLUENTE DE LATICÍNIO TRATADO POR PROCESSO BIOLÓGICO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-590
Author(s):  
Natalia Prado Fortuna Macan ◽  
Tamara Maria Gomes ◽  
Fabrício Rossi ◽  
Giovana Tommaso
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
E Mail

DESEMPENHO DA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO COM O USO DE EFLUENTE DE LATICÍNIO TRATADO POR PROCESSO BIOLÓGICO  NATALIA PRADO FORTUNA MACAN1; TAMARA MARIA GOMES2; FABRÍCIO ROSSI3 E GIOVANA TOMMASO4 1Eng. de Biossistemas, Mestranda em Engenharia Agrícola, FEAGRI/UNICAMP, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas - SP, 13083-875, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. de Biossistemas, Profa. Doutora no Depto. de Engenharia de Biossistemas, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, R. Duque de Caxias, 225 - Campus Fernando Costa, Pirassununga - SP, 13635-900 Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. de Biossistemas, Prof. Doutor, Depto. de Engenharia de Biossistemas, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4Eng. de Alimentos, Profa. Doutora, Depto. de Engenharia de Alimentos, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga-SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]  1 RESUMO Os laticínios geram efluentes que podem ser reaproveitados na irrigação. No entanto, o efeito desses efluentes nos sistemas de irrigação ainda é pouco estudado. Assim, os objetivos desse trabalho foram caracterizar o efluente de laticínio tratado por processos biológicos, classifica-lo quanto ao potencial de entupimento de emissores e avaliar a uniformidade do sistema de irrigação por gotejamento por meio da determinação dos coeficientes de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD), de Christiansen (CUC) e estatístico (CUE). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições e avaliações dos coeficientes ao longo do tempo. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de três fontes de água: água de abastecimento (AB); efluente de laticínio tratado por sistema anaeróbio (EAN) e por sistema aeróbio (EA); e por três lâminas de irrigação, 50% (W1), 100% (W2) e 150% (W3) da evapotranspiração da cultura da beterraba. Após 40 horas de funcionamento, CUD, CUC e CUE foram classificados como “Excelente”, com valores superiores a 96%. As diferentes lâminas aplicadas não influenciaram nos coeficientes. Entretanto, ao longo do tempo, as três fontes de água utilizadas ocasionaram diminuição do CUD, CUC e CUE, sendo que a maior redução foi encontrada nas parcelas que utilizaram efluente anaeróbio. Palavras-chave: água residuária, reúso, coeficiente de uniformidade, gotejador, tratamento anaeróbio e aeróbio.  MACAN, N. P. F.; GOMES, T. M.; ROSSI, F.; TOMMASO, G.PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING DAIRY EFFLUENT TREATED BY BIOLOGICAL PROCESS  2 ABSTRACT The dairy industry produces effluents that can be reused on irrigation. However, the effect of these effluents on the irrigation systems is still little studied. Thus, the goals of this work were to characterize the dairy effluent treated by biological processes, classify it for its potential to cause emitter clogging, and evaluate the drip irrigation system uniformity by determination of emission uniformity coefficient (EUC), Christiansen coefficient (CUC), and Statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC). The experimental design was performed in randomized blocks, with a 3 x 3 factorial design, four replications, and coefficients evaluation over the time.  The treatments consisted of three types of water: freshwater (AB), dairy effluent treated by anaerobic processes (EAN), and effluent treated by aerobic processes (EA) at three irrigation depths – 50% (W1), 100% (W2), and 150% (W3) – of the estimated table beet evapotranspiration. After 40 hours of irrigation, EUC, CUC e SUC were classified as excellent, with values greater than 96%. The different irrigation depths did not affect the uniformity coefficients. However, the use of the three water sources led to EUC, CUC and SUC reduction over time, and the largest reduction was found on plots that used anaerobic effluent. Keywords: agro-industry, uniformity coefficient, emitter, reuse, anaerobic and aerobic treatment. 

scholarly journals (214) Adult Pear Response to Integrated Nitrogen Fertigation and Drip Irrigation System

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084B-1084
Author(s):  
Xinhua Yin ◽  
Clark Seavert ◽  
Jinhe Bai
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Broadcast Application

Responses of adult pear to the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system have not been documented in Oregon. A field trial was conducted on adult pear at the Mid-Columbia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Hood River, Ore., in 2005. Two N and water management systems (integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system; and broadcast application of dry N fertilizer to the soil surface and microsprinkler irrigation system) were compared on pear cultivars of Bartlett and Golden Russet Bosc, and rootstocks of OH×F97 and OH×F87. The responses of these cultivars and rootstocks to the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system were similar. The integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system consumed 1450 m3·ha-1 of irrigation water during the entire season from May to September, reducing irrigation water use by 73% compared with 5297 m3·ha-1 under the current system—broadcast application of dry N fertilizer to the soil surface and microsprinkler irrigation system averaged over the four cultivar and rootstock combinations. The fruit yield was statistically similar for the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system and the broadcast application of dry N fertilizer and microsprinkler irrigation system on the average of the four cultivars and rootstocks. Differences in fruit size and color were negligible between the two N and irrigation management systems. Overall, our results suggest that adopting the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system does not cause significant reduction in yield or quality of adult pear; the integrated N fertigation and drip irrigation system could be a profitable and environmentally sound management alternative for pear production.

ESTIMATION OF CONSUMPTIVE USE OF POTATO CROP PIANTED UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM BY USING SWRT TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
J.N. Abedalrahman ◽  
R.J. Mansor ◽  
D.R. Abass
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Spring Season

A field experiment was carried out in the field of the College of Agriculture / University of Wasit, located on longitude  45o   50o   33.5o   East and latitude 32o 29o 49.8o North, in Spring season of the agricultural season 2019, in order to estimate the water consumption of potato crop using SWRT technology and under the drip irrigation system. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments that include of the SWRT treatment (the use of plastic films under the plant root area in an engineering style), and the treatment of vegetal fertilizer (using Petmos), organic fertilizer (sheep manure), and the control treatment . Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.)  var. Burin was planted for spring season on 10/2/2019 at the soil depth of 5-10 cm. The highest reference water consumption for the potato crop during the season was calculated by Najeeb Kharufa, which was 663.03 mm. The highest actual water consumption for the potato crop during the season for the control treatment was 410.1 mm. The results showed increase in the values of the crop coefficient (Kc) in the stages of tubers formation and tubers filling stage as compared to the vegetative and ripening stages, ranged from 1.37-1.92 for the two stages of tubers formation and tubers filling. The SWRT treatment gave the highest water use efficiency during the season, was 3.46 kg m-3 .

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