scholarly journals Issues and perspectives of building a regional system of donor services (on the example of Nizhny Novgorod region)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Romanov ◽  
O. P. Abaeva ◽  
O. Yu. Alexandrova ◽  
G. Yu. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Regional System ◽  
Organ Removal ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cerebral Blood Circulation ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Donor Activity

Aim: to determine the perspectives of development a regional system of donor services (on the example of Nizhny Novgorod region) based on analysis of current results of its activity.Materials and methods. Protocols of the donor’s initial examination, acts of organ removal for transplantation, questionnaires of 266 doctors of donor bases in the region. Research methods: sociological, statistical.Results. The efficacy of the system of collaboration between the participants of organ donation existing in Nizhny Novgorod region is mainly determined by the activity of doctors on donor bases. According to the results of the questioning of doctors, the most significant factor determining their inclination to collaborate with the Center of organ donation is the direction by the administration of the medical organization (59,3 ± 3,0%). Only 11,1 ± 1,3% of the interviewed doctors stressed their understanding of the importance of the development of organ transplantation programs. As a result, the number of hospitals actually reporting the presence of donors was a half of the number established by the local administration of medical services in 2009. This indicator decreased more than 50% by 2017. During the period of 2009–2017, 488 calls of donor services were registered, while 354 calls ended up being ineffective mainly due to low level of qualification among the specialists of donor bases. During the examined period, there were registered 83 posthumous removals of donor organs with the death of the subjects being mainly (87,6 ± 3,4%) caused by an infarction of cerebral blood circulation. The losses of the donor resource resulted from inability to receive organs from persons who died as a result of injuries due to the rejection of their relatives (49 cases).Conclusion. Optimization of the use of the donor resource of the region is possible only if the development of the organ donation program is promoted at the level of the territorial public health authority. In the case of solving this issue, it is hypothetically possible for the region to achieve an indicator of donor activity of 25 per 1 mln. person.

Risk management in the healthcare safety management system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Yuriy Voskanyan ◽  
Irina Shikina ◽  
Fedor Kidalov ◽  
David Davidov ◽  
Tatiana Abrosimova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Safety Management System ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Processing Subsystem ◽  
To Receive

The paper discusses the main components of the modern system of risk management in medicine. Using the ISO 31000 standard of risk management and the ARIS integrated modeling environment, the authors have built a model of the risk management process in a medical organization, including the accounting subsystem, the risk analysis subsystem, and the risk processing subsystem. The concept of risk management proposed in the article is formulated on the basis of a system safety model, which assumes that adverse events related to the provision of medical care are based on systemic causes that under certain conditions turn into a hazard, and the latter is used to receive active threats and incidents. The risk management system is an executive block of the safety management system in a medical organization, which includes (in addition to risk management) an ideological block (a new safety culture) and an educational block (an organizational learning subsystem).

scholarly journals Defaults versus framing: Revisiting Default Effect and Framing Effect with replications and extensions of Johnson and Goldstein (2003) and Johnson, Bellman, and Lohse (2002)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanya Prasad Chandrashekar ◽  
Nadia Adelina ◽  
Shiyuan Zeng ◽  
CHIU Yan Ying Esther ◽  
Grace Yat Sum Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Default Option ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Related ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Highly Cited

People tend to stick with a default option instead of switching to another option. For instance, Johnson and Goldstein (2003) found a default effect in an organ donation scenario: if organ donation is the default option, people are more inclined to consent to it. Johnson et al. (2002) found a similar default effect in a health-survey scenarios: if receiving more information about your health is the default, people are more inclined to consent to it. Much of the highly cited, impactful work on these default effects, however, has not been replicated in well-powered samples. In two well-powered samples (N = 1920), we conducted a close replication of the default effect in Johnson and Goldstein (2003) and in Johnson, Bellman, and Lohse (2002). We successfully replicated Johnson and Goldstein (2003). In an extension of the original findings, we also show that default effects are unaffected by the permanence of these selections. We, however, failed to replicate the findings of Johnson, Bellman, and Lohse’s (2002) study; we did not find evidence for a default effect. We did, however, find a framing effect: participants who read a positively-framed scenario consented to receive health-related information at a higher rate than participants who read a negatively framed scenario. We also conducted a conceptual replication of Johnson et al. (2002) that was based on an organ-donation scenario, but this attempt failed to find a default effect. Our results suggest that default effects depend on framing and context. Materials, data, and code are available on: https://osf.io/8wd2b/.

Organization of primary health care and specialized medical care for patients with prostate cancer in the Nizhny Novgorod Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Egor Aleksandrovich Perevezentsev ◽  
Maya Andreevna Kuzmina ◽  
Dariya Dmitrievna Vasina ◽  
Denis Igorevich Volodin
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

At present, the quality and availability of medical care are the aspects to which close attention is paid in the system of organizing medical care. One of the ways to achieve a high level of quality and accessibility of medical care is building up human resources, i.e. the presence of highly qualified general practitioners, sub-specialties and middle medical personnel in sufficient numbers in a medical organization. Currently, the oncological service of Russia has been assigned tasks to fulfill the instructions from the State Program for the Development of Health Care. The results of the work should lead to a decrease in mortality and an increase in the quality of life of the population. To address the issue of reducing mortality from malignant neoplasms, in particular from prostate cancer, a three-level system of oncological care has been created on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, including 1 regional center, 2 interdistrict cancer centers, 88 primary oncology rooms and 96 examination rooms. The tasks set to reduce morbidity and mortality from oncological diseases can be realized only with close interaction of the oncological service with the primary health care sector, in which the prevention should be the priority direction of work.

How to organize the work of the admission department

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Marat Sergeevich Safeulin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Emergency Medical Care ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Emergency Medical

The admission department is a structural subdivision of a medical organization with a round-the-clock hospital, consisting of treatment rooms and an administrative part. It is intended for registration, initial examination, anthropometry, sanitary and hygienic treatment of incoming patients and the provision of qualified (emergency) medical care. The basic principles of organizing the work of the admission department are presented in the article.

scholarly journals Medico-social study of the opinions of parents (legal representatives) on the medical care for children with cancer in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Rykov ◽  
O. A. Manerova ◽  
I. A. Turabov ◽  
V. V. Kozlov ◽  
V. A. Reshetnikov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
To Receive

.Objective. To study the opinion of parents (legal representatives) on the problems of medical care for children with oncological diseases.Methods. The study was based on the Questionnaire for parents (legal representatives) on medical care children with cancer. The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions, the respondents were asked to choose one or several answers or to enter their own option.Results. This medical and social study demonstrated that 81.1±1.9% of respondents are not satisfied with the attitude of doctors and nurses towards them and their children, 15.9±1.8% of respondents are partially satisfied and only 3±0.8% of respondents are fully satisfied. The reasons for dissatisfaction were as follows: rude communication (35.8±2.4%), inadequate attention of medical personnel (21.3±2.0%) and lack of interest in the treatment success (19.7±2.0%). The combination of these options was noted by 23.2±2.0% of the respondents. 63.7±2.4% of respondents would prefer to treat their children at a medical organization of federal subordination, 33.9±2.4% – at medical organization outside the territory of the Russian Federation, of which 57.4±2.4% would like to receive a patient-oriented service and simplified routing between medical organizations during treatment. 12.7±1.6% mistrust in the qualifications of medical personnel in the Russian Federation, 11.8±1.6% of respondents indicated the lack of comfortable conditions for examination and treatment, 5.3±1.1% of respondents indicated the lack of necessary diagnostic and treatment methods and 12.8 1.6% of respondents indicated a combination of the above options.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the need to implement patient-oriented approaches and to improve the routing of children with cancer.

scholarly journals Reaching Consensus on Organ Donation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Jay Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
High Degree ◽  
To Receive

On July 20, 2016, IIIT held a forum entitled “Reaching Consensus on OrganDonation,” in collaboration with the Washington Regional Transplant Community(WRTC; http://www.beadonor.org), to hear presentations by medicalprofessionals, community leaders, religious scholars, and social scientists. Eachof the four panels was followed by a robust Question and Answer session.Panel 1: Conceptual Framework. Lori Bingham (president and CEO,WRTC) outlined the organ donation process in terms of which organizationsand partners are involved, how medical suitability is determined, consultingwith the surviving members, and deciding who receives the available organ.After listing the agencies and the high degree of regulation involved, shethanked Imam Johari Abdul-Malik (outreach director, Dar al-Hijrah IslamicCenter) for his help in reaching out to area Muslims, some of whom declineto donate their organs on religious grounds.Muzammil Siddiqi (chairman, Fiqh Council of North America) said thatsuch decisions require ijtihād, for there are no relevant Qur’anic verses or hadiths.Although widely accepted by jurists, questions remain, such as whichorgans can be donated, should this be encouraged before or after death, can afamily donate an organ if the deceased died without a will, does donating “deform”the body, how is death determined, is the patient obliged to receive it,can he/she buy it or should it be made available for free, and so on.In his “Organization of Islamic Legal Ethics.”Abdulzziz Sachedina (professorand IIIT Chair in Islamic Studies, George Mason University) stated thatthe main issue is procuring organs, a topic surrounded by “cultural impedimentsand religious misunderstandings.” People are asking to whom does thebody belong (the person or God), can one donate that which will not growback, and if the donated organ will be returned on the Day of Judgment. Asthis is a modern issue, imams and scholars need to identiy ethical grounds in ...

scholarly journals Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Chronic Leg Ulcer Size and Appearance

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela E Houghton ◽  
Cynthia B Kincaid ◽  
Marge Lovell ◽  
Karen E Campbell ◽  
David H Keast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Leg Ulcers ◽  
Wound Surface ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Chronic Ulcers ◽  
Arterial Insufficiency ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Chronic Leg Ulcers

Abstract Background and Purpose. Electrical current has been recommended for use on chronic pressure ulcers; however, the ability of this modality to improve healing of other types of chronic ulcers is less well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC) on healing of chronic leg ulcers. Subjects. Twenty-seven people with 42 chronic leg ulcers participated in the study. Methods. The subjects were separated into subgroups according to primary etiology of the wound (diabetes, arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency) and then randomly assigned to receive either HVPC (100 microseconds, 150 V, 100 Hz) or a sham treatment for 45 minutes, 3 times weekly, for 4 weeks. Wound surface area and wound appearance assessed during an initial examination, following a 1- to 2-week period during which subjects received only conventional wound therapy, after 4 weeks of sham or HVPC treatment, and at 1 month following treatments. Results The results indicated that HVPC applied to chronic leg ulcers reduced the wound surface area over the 4-week treatment period to approximately one half the initial wound size (mean decrease=44.3%, SD=8.8%, range=2.8%-100%), which was over 2 times greater than that observed in wounds treated with sham units (mean decrease=16.0%, SD=8.9%, range=-30.3%-83.7%). Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that HVPC administered 3 times a week should be considered to accelerate wound closure of chronic leg ulcers.

Religious Attitudes regarding Organ Donation

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Seminary Students ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Hospital Chaplains ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
To Receive

This study of seminary students, religious leaders, and hospital chaplains illustrates the importance of educating clergy about organ donation. Religious objections are often cited as a reason for refusal to give consent for donation. Results of this study show that most clergy are supportive of organ donation. However, the survey pointed out some misunderstanding of the concept of brain death. Thus, although the clergy are supportive and influential, they tend not to receive medical information that is key to the donation process. Further education specifically focused on religious leaders is needed.

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