scholarly journals Russian Dialects as a Resource for Finniс Historical Lexicology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Irma I. Mullonen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Good Preservation ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Russian Dialect ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

This article proposes a reconstruction of a number of Vepsian and Ludic Karelian derivatives of lexemes, referring to the dialectal vocabulary of the Russian dialects of Obonezhye region. Having been lost from the aforementioned Finnic languages due to the Russification of the population living along the transit waterways used for the development of Obonezhye region since the time of Veliky Novgorod, they have survived as substratum or borrowed units in geographically adjacent Russian dialects. Vepsian and Karelian language data are traditionally used for the etymological interpretation of the Russian dialect lexicon. The reverse approach, i.e. the involvement of Russian dialects as a resource for Finnic etymological studies has not been widely used. When reconstructing, it is important to consider such parameters as the area of the Russian word, aiming at a well-defined Finnic language etymon; patterns of phonetic substitution and adaptation of specific Finnic sounds and sound combinations into Russian dialects; the existence of a word and its semantics in related languages. Additional opportunities are provided by the use of toponymic data due to the massive character and good preservation of toponyms. The article reconstructs several Vepsian and Ludic derived lexemes which have not been recorded in dictionaries or other sources. Among them, there are lexemes with suffixes -(e)k and -(e)h (*katek ‘thin ice’, *torek ‘noise, crackling, rumbling’, *čapek ‘overgrown undercut’, räbeh ‘damp low place in the forest’), Vepsian verbal name *kütm <* kütkim ‘leash for cattle’ with the -im suffix, Ludic term *hörpäk ‘stake with branches for drying hay’ with the suffix -äk and Vepsian landscape term *pugend ~ *pugond ‘swift with a narrow bed on the river’, in which the suffix -nd (< -nto) is embodied. The source of Russian dialectal data is the monumental publication Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary. Vocabulary of Contact Regions (2019) prepared by S. А. Myznikov. A lot of work was done in it to find Finnic roots for Russian lexemes. The author of the dictionary had natural difficulties in attributing Russian dialect lexemes, for which their Vepsian or Karelian etymon did not survive. The interpretations presented in the article, along the way, clarify, supplement, and sometimes correct the etymology of the Russian Dialect Etymological Dictionary.

NATIVE NAMES OF SHRUBS AND BUSHES IN THE DIALECTS OF NOTHERN EUROPEAN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Olga Teush
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
European North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rose Hip ◽  
Russian Dialect ◽  
Descriptive Names ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to the names of the shrubs and bushes in the dialects of European North of Russia. The whole complex of lexemes is analyzed in relation to the origin and semantic connections of the words. The article determines the etymological origins of the key lexeme in the group – «a bush» with a reconstructed meaning «to stand, to stick out of the ground» . The research describes dialect derivatives of the root «kust-«. The author identifies contaminated words on the basis of the seme «dense». Northern Russian dialect names of the bush or shrub are considered in the onomasiological, semasiological, and lexical aspects. The article performs analysis of collective forms derived from «vitsa» as a flexible man-made rod, a branch, and «prut» as «a thin broken or cut branch without leaves» with Slavic origin. The active use of Russian roots like «ros- / rost- / rast-» of Indo-European antiquity is noted. Moreover, the article describes numerous species names. The largest number of nominations is discovered for the willow shrub: five roots are involved. The root «iv-« in dialects appears both in the original version and with metathesis (>«vi-«). In Northern Russian dialect zone the most active word formations are derived from the proto-Slavic origin of the root «bred-«. They form an extensive word-formation nest. The author interprets species appellative names of juniper, cherry bush, rose hip, hawthorn, gooseberry, hazel bushes. The article points out a wide use of names used to describe a dense bush with a root «chap- / tsap-» in the dialects of European North of Russia. The article analyzes the lexemes used to name the shrubs growing on the hills. The most numerous words are the names of water-bushes. Secondary names of shrubs and bushes growing on the hills or in the forests and marshlands are more rarely used. Descriptive names of scrup in abandoned fields are used in only one context. Pragmatic and metaphorical names are infrequent.

scholarly journals Possibility of refreshing binders in old asphalt pavements

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Paweł Mieczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Recycling Technology ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

Asphalt pavements in Poland need renovation. One of the main reasons for their destruction (cracks, losses of grains, chippings) is too small amount of bitumen and its hardness, which is the result of aging. In this case, repairs can be performed in hot recycling technology in place. However, this requires changes in the way of heating the pavement and the use of special refreshing additives. The studies indicate that for this purpose you can use various means, both derivatives of petroleum (mineral oil, oil-resin product) and produced from renewable sources (vegetable oils). However, they require the use of additional preparations to help them connect with old bitumen and increase the compatibility of mixtures. The study of base bitumen and asphalt mixtures suggests that such a role may meet improving adhesion additives, wherein the efficiency of the process should be improved, especially in the case of vegetable and mineral oils.

scholarly journals Properties of perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (27) ◽  
pp. 1850155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mironov ◽  
V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Incorrect Result ◽  
Higher Derivatives ◽  
Quadratic Action ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Scalar Perturbations ◽  
The Way

We study whether the approach of Deffayet et al. (DPSV) can be adopted for obtaining a derivative part of quadratic action for scalar perturbations in beyond Horndeski theories about homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds. We find that even though the method does remove the second and higher derivatives of metric perturbations from the linearized Galileon equation, in the same manner as in the general Horndeski theory, it gives incorrect result for the quadratic action. We analyze the reasons behind this property and suggest the way of modifying the approach, so that it gives valid results.

Insilco Design and Potential Cytotoxic agents EGFR Inhibitors of 4(3H) Quinazolinone Derivatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 4849-4855
Author(s):  
Kavitha K ◽  
Srinivasan N ◽  
Mohan S ◽  
Suresh R
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) acting very important part in cell growth regulation, one of the most significant consideration studied targets of tyrosine kinases (TK) inhibitors. A number of TKs take component in the role cell proliferation, differentiation and metastasis, survival and tolerant activation by mechanisms for instance point mutation might show the way to huge proportion of clinical cancers. EGFR is in excess articulated within many tumors, as well as ovarian, breast and bladder, head, brain, prostate, lung tumors. based in the field of literature study found that the invention of quinazolin 4(3H) one derivatives of structural modifications which produce their potential of cytotoxic properties. By inhibit the EGFR-TKs enzyme. In this, we introduced newly synthesized quinazolinones compounds to systematically investigate binding affinity and drug likeliness property against EGFR-TKs. the interaction of newly synthesized molecules QOC1-QOC6 against 1M17 Protein five derivatives of quinazolinone an induced fit docking analysis indicated are involved in binding affinity. The present study aimed at studies showed with the systematic analysis, the newly synthesized potential quinazolinone are recommended so as to these molecules would provide the same as enhanced show the way lead moiety for cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals The New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian Idioms and Proverbs

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99
Author(s):  
Vilmos Bárdosi
Keyword(s):  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
The Way

Abstract After briefly surveying the research carried out in Hungary on the origin of sayings, proverbs and adages, this paper introduces and exemplifies the way the new Hungarian phraseological etymological dictionary has been compiled. It subsequently presents excerpts from the dictionary that will expound on the origin of 1800 set phrases and statistically analyses the linguistic, cultural-historical, historical, literary, ethnographic and intercultural background of the Hungarian set phrases included in the dictionary.

scholarly journals The immune responses to bacterial antigens encountered in vivo at mucosal surfaces

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1397) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Dougan ◽  
Marjan Ghaem–Maghami ◽  
Derek Pickard ◽  
Gad Frankel ◽  
Gill Douce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Bacterial Antigens ◽  
Mucosal Vaccines ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

Mammals have evolved a sophisticated immune system for handling antigens encountered at their mucosal surfaces. The way in which mucosally delivered antigens are handled influences our ability to design effective mucosal vaccines. Live attenuated derivatives of pathogens are one route towards the development of mucosal vaccines. However, some molecules, described as mucosal immunogens, are inherently immunogenic at mucosal surfaces. Studies on mucosal immunogens may facilitate the identification of common characteristics that contribute to mucosal immunogenicity and aid the development of novel, non–living mucosal vaccines and immunostimulators.

Synthesis of Substituted Derivatives of closo-Decaborate Anion with a Peptide Bond: The Way towards Designing Biologically Active Boron-Containing Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Nelyubin ◽  
I. N. Klyukin ◽  
A. P. Zhdanov ◽  
M. S. Grigor’ev ◽  
K. Yu. Zhizhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Closo Decaborate Anion ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

Derivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
P. H. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
Ancient Etymology ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter studies derivations. The formation of words from words was also a topic of ancient etymology. At least as early as the first century BC, in Roman scholar Varro’s study of the Latin language, the origin of words was taken to have two aspects. One was their initial application or assignment to things. The priority at that point was that words assigned should be as few as possible, so that they could be learned more quickly. The other is distinguished in an earlier passage as the way in which ‘the derivatives of these names have arrived at their differences’. The priority there was that derivatives should be as many as possible, so that people ‘may more easily say those that they need to use’. The first aspect called for historical inquiry into forms individually. In contrast, the second required a technical study, with a few brief precepts that are as short as possible.

scholarly journals 5. On the Oxidation of Phenyl Alcohol, and a Mechanical Arrangement adapted to illustrate Structure in the Nonsaturated Hydrocarbons

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Closed Chain ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Mechanical Arrangement ◽  
The Way

The syntheses and oxidation analyses of organic compounds have so confirmed each other in many cases, that chemists are enabled to judge of the structure of a compound from the oxidation products. Many chemists have used the oxidation method in special cases, the bodies operated upon belonging principally to the fatty series; but until Fittig and Beilstein published their memoirs on the aromatic compounds, it was never applied to the systematic study of a hydrocarbon and its derivatives. But although the syntheses and oxidation analyses of the derivatives of benzol confirmed each other, still the structure of the original nucleus (benzol) remained unexplained. Kekulê's original and elegant speculations on the structure of benzol and its derivatives induced me to try the effect of oxidising agents on benzol, with the view of eliciting whether the carbon atoms would separate in the way theory pointed out. The carbon atoms in benzol may be supposed to be arranged in a closed chain, where the carbon affinities are bound two and one alternately.

Le mokša ancien, une langue sans adverbes ?

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-200
Author(s):  
Arnaud Fournet
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Description ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Way

The paper first presents a little-known language, Mokša, belonging to the Uralic family, and investigates adverbs as they were listed in the first linguistic description of Mokša published by Ahlquist in 1861. It is shown that originally all adverbial forms in Mokša were motivated and transparent derivatives of deictics, adjectives and nouns. There apparently did not exist primary adverbs, unanalyzable in the synchronic system of Proto-Mokša. The unanalyzable adverbs stem from recent borrowings taken from Russian and Turkic languages. This situation opens the way toward a kind of lexical utopia where there would exist no primary unanalyzable adverbial form in a language.

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