scholarly journals The Influence of Aqueous Extracts from Stellaria media L. on the Growth of Zea mays L. Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiman ZANDI ◽  
Katarzyna MOŻDŻEŃ ◽  
Beata BARABASZ-KRASNY ◽  
Joanna PUŁA ◽  
Alina STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Weed Infestation

Plants introduce chemicals into the environment that can be toxic, both for themselves and for other species. Weed infestation of crops is a competition for environmental resources, but at the same time is a source of chemical substances released into the soil, often reducing yield potential. The paper attempts to investigate the allelopathic interaction of aquatic extracts from dry shoots of chickweed Stellaria media L. on germination and development of maize Zea mays L. seedlings of ‘San’, ‘Kidemos’ and ‘DKC 3441’ cultivars. Along with the increase in the concentration of allelopathic substances, a decrease in the germination activity of all tested maize cultivars was observed. Germination percentage as like percentage of control was the highest for seeds germinating on substrates with 1% chickweed extracts and the lowest for seeds watered with 5% extracts. Biometric measurements of seedlings showed that the most sensitive cultivar of maize was ‘DKC 3441’, and the resistant cultivar ‘San’. The relative water content was the highest for seedlings grown on the 5% extracts. Significant differences in the amount of fresh and dry masses of maize seedlings were demonstrated at the highest concentrations of extracts compared to the control. A significant increase in electrolyte leakage compared to the control sample was found in the ‘Kidemos’ cultivar. The lowest differences in the destabilization of the ionic transport through cell membranes for the ‘DKC 3441’ cultivar were demonstrated.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Morphological Observations on Recently Recovered Early Agricultural Period Maize Cob Fragments from Southern Arizona

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Tucson Basin ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Early Agricultural Period

Metric analyses of recently excavated maize (Zea mays, L.) cupules and cob fragments from Early Agricultural period (2000 B. C.-A.D. 50) sites in southern Arizona indicate that early maize cultivars produced small cobs with small cupules. Although it is risky to generalize about the yield potential of a plant that may have no compelling modern analogues, this work provides further support for the claim that ancient Tucson Basin maize plants provided relatively low yields as compared with more recent varieties.

Grain Yield Potential of Some Diverse Maize (Zea mays L.) Morphotypes Intercropped with Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ayuk-Takem ◽  
H. R. Chhedda
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Erect Leaves

SUMMARYThree maize cultivars, BACOA, SAW and COCA, were evaluated when intercropped with cocoyams at a density of 50 000 maize plants and 10 000 cocoyam stands ha−1. BACOA which matures in 120 days, and SAW (130 days) transmitted significantly more light to the lower canopy than COCA, which has spreading leaves and matures in 150 days. Relative yields for BACOA, SAW and COCA in pure stands were 72, 100 and 85%, respectively, while those for cocoyams in BACOA/cocoyam, SAW/cocoyam and COCA/cocoyam mixtures were 82, 58 and 54%, respectively, showing that COCA significantly suppressed the yield of cocoyam when intercropped.Yields of a COCA type with erect leaves increased as plant density increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1 in pure stands, while yields of COCA with spreading leaves increased as plant density increased from 20 000 to 40 000 plants ha−1 but decreased when plant population increased to 50 000 plants ha−1. When COCA with erect leaves was intercropped with cocoyams, cocoyam tuber yields were fairly stable and maize yields continued to increase significantly as plant density increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1, whereas the yields of COCA with spreading leaves and cocoyams were greatly reduced when intercropped and when the plant population increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1.

scholarly journals Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Tanya Karceva
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source) and their heterotic F1 hybrid ?Zaharina?. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings? growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

scholarly journals Number of experiments for adaptability and stability analysis in maize by Lin and Binns method

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
José Paulo Guadagnin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Reference File ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Degree Of Association

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the necessary number of experiments to analyze the adaptability and stability of maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) using the Lin and Binns method. Grain yield data extracted from 63 maize cultivar trials were used. Trials were divided in six groups of experiments, according to the cycle (early and super early) and the agricultural year (2002/2003, 2003/2004, and 2004/2005). In each group, from the set of all experiments (reference file) new data files were formed by combinations in groups of 2, 3, 4, ..., n-1 experiments, with a total of 10,683 files. For each file, the estimation of the adaptability and stability parameter (Pi) of the Lin and Binns method was calculated. To verify the degree of association of the estimates of Pi obtained with the combinations of experiments and with all the experiments (reference), Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was used. Number of experiments giving values of r≥0.80 in 100% of the combinations was considered sufficient. Seven experiments sufficed for the analysis of adaptability and stability of maize cultivars by the method of Lin and Binns.

PERFORMANCE PRODUTIVA DE CULTIVARES DE MILHO EM TRÊS SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO NO LESTE MARANHENSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO CHARLES DOS SANTOS SILVA ◽  
MARIA DA CRUZ CHAVES LIMA MOURA ◽  
JOSÉ RONEILSON SILVA COSTA ◽  
EGON BASTOS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ITALO JHONNY COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The City

RESUMO – O Leste Maranhense corresponde à mais nova fronteira agrícola do Brasil. Entretanto, fatores limitantesda produtividade, como a escolha correta da variedade e o sistema de cultivo mais adequado para as condições locais,ainda são desconhecidos. Objetivou-se estudar o desempenho produtivo de 17 genótipos de milho, sob três sistemasde cultivo para a região. Foram realizados dois experimentos, um na cidade de Chapadinha e outro na cidade de Brejo,sendo avaliados 17 genótipos ao todo. Os ensaios foram dispostos no delineamento em blocos casualisados com quatrorepetições em esquema fatorial 3x10 [10 cultivares e três sistemas de cultivo (plantio com cobertura de palha decarnaúba; plantio sem cobertura; plantio intercalado com feijão caupi)]. O sistema de cultivo com palha de carnaúba,independentemente do genótipo de milho e do local de avaliação, proporcionou os maiores rendimentos de grãos.Em Chapadinha, os genótipos mais produtivos foram as variedades de polinização aberta Caiano e Al-Bandeirante,o híbrido duplo AGN 1051, os híbridos triplos 2B 433, BRS 3060 e CMS 3E482 e o híbrido simples P 3646 H. ParaBrejo, os melhores resultados foram obtidos pelos híbridos duplos 2B 707 HX e AGN 1051 e pelos híbridos simples2B 604 HX, 30 F35 H e P 3646 H.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., Palhada, Rendimento de grãos.PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE CULTIVARS IN THREE FARMING SYSTEMS IN EAST MARANHÃO STATEABSTRACT - East Maranhão State is the newest agricultural frontier in Brazil. However, productivity limiting factorssuch as the correct choice of variety and the cropping system more suitable to the local conditions are still unknown.The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of 17 maize genotypes under three cultivationsystems for the region. Two experiments were carried out, one in the city of Chapadinha and another in the city ofBrejo, evaluating 17 genotypes. The trials were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications in a 3x10factorial scheme [10 cultivars and 3 cultivation systems (planting with cover of carnaúba straw, plantation withoutcover, intercropping with cowpea). The use of carnaúba straw provided the highest grain yields, regardless the maizegenotype and the evaluation site,. In Chapadinha the most productive genotypes were the open-pollinated varietiesCaiano and Al-Bandeirante, the double hybrid AGN 1051, the triple hybrids 2B 433, BRS 3060 and CMS 3E482 andthe simple hybrid P 3646 H. For Brejo the best results were obtained by the double hybrids 2B 707 HX and AGN 1051and by the simple hybrids 2B 604 HX, 30 F35 H and P 3646 H.Keywords: Zea mays L., Straw, Grain Yield.

scholarly journals Genetic Testing of Inbred Lines and Single Cross Hybrids against Fusarium Stalk Rot Caused by Fusarium moniliforme in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 352-361
Author(s):  
R. Archana H. C. Lohithaswa ◽  
R. Pavan B. N. Swathi ◽  
N. Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Globally, Maize (Zea mays L.) is a third major cereal food crop. It is a multipurpose crop with 26% of its production is used as food by human beings. Maize is known as “queen of cereals”, because of its high genetic yield potential, efficient utilization of radiant energy and wider adaptability. About 65 different phytopathogens affect the maize production in different stages of life cycle. Among which Fusarium moniliforme is one such soil borne pathogen causes Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) disease that ultimately reduces maize yield potential over the world. In any breeding program, screening and genetic testing of available germplasm resources against pathogens is necessary to prevent yield losses. Hence, the present research screened around 114 maize inbred lines and 45 single cross hybrids (SCHs) against FSR under artificial epiphytotic conditions. Among 114 inbreds, only four inbreds viz., CM 202, 10878, MAI-759 and MAI-766 (mean disease score of 3-4) showed moderately resistant reaction and out of 45 SCHs, only one hybrid combination i.e., MAI329 × CM202 (mean disease score was 2.60) exhibited resistance reaction against Fusarium stalk rot. Nevertheless, these resistance sources could be utilized in maize breeding programs for obtaining high yielding cultivars with resistance towards FSR disease.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF TWO MAIZE CULTIVARS (Zea mays L.) TO ORGANIC MANUR AND MINERAL NANO NITROGEN FERTILIZER UNDER SIWA OASIS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-312
Author(s):  
M. Khalil ◽  
A. Abou-Hadid ◽  
R. Abdrabou ◽  
S. Abd Al-halim ◽  
M. AbdEl-Maaboud
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Cultivars

scholarly journals Root Length and Vapour Pressure Deficit: Effect on Relative Water Content in Zea Mays L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Downey ◽  
TC Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Water

The pair of lodicules situated at the base of the ovary and adjacent to the lemma of the wheat floret have long been known to be involved in the opening of the wheat floret at anthesis (see Arber 1965). At anthesis, the lodicules swell and force the lemma away from the palea, allowing the stamens to grow out from the floret. Some minutes later and presumably in response to a stimulus associated with pollination (male-sterile florets may remain open for many hours: Dr. A. T. Pugsley, personal communication) the lodicules collapse and the floret closes. We are studying the events which lead to this rapid swelling and degeneration of the lodicule in wheat and noticed that information about the nature of the vascular tissues in lodicules is very meagre.

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