scholarly journals Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Tanya Karceva
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source) and their heterotic F1 hybrid ?Zaharina?. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings? growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

scholarly journals Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakil Mahmud ◽  
Shayla Sharmin ◽  
Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

scholarly journals GERMINATION OF CREOLE MAIZE AND FAVA BEAN SEEDS UNDER SALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
CARLA DE SOUZA ALMEIDA ◽  
HUGO ROLDI GUARIZ ◽  
MARÍLIA ALVES BRITO PINTO ◽  
MARINEIDE FERREIRA DE ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

ABSTRACT Salt stress negatively affects plant development, mainly in arid and semiarid regions, promoting changes in their physiology and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germinative potential of creole maize (Zea mays L.) and fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seeds under different salt stress conditions. The seeds were collected in rural areas of the municipalities of Guanambi, Candiba, and Brumado, which are within the Serra Geral region in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was used; the treatments consisted of three salts (CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl) and four salinity levels (osmotic potentials of -0.3, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa). Seed physical analyses included moisture and purity, and physiological analyses included germination percentage, germination speed index, average germination time, and relative germination frequency. The storage of creole maize and fava bean seeds in plastic bottles and under adequate humidity ensures that seeds will have moisture content and physical purity within ideal values. Salt stresses induced by NaCl and CaCl2 salts at osmotic potentials of -0.3 to -1.2 MPa hinder the creole maize and fava bean seed germination, and their germination are null for both salts at osmotic potentials lower than -0.3 MPa. The creole maize and fava bean seeds show germination of 70% under salt stress induced by MgCl2 at osmotic potential of -0.3 MPa, making the germination of both species viable.

scholarly journals Salt stress induced accumulation of biomolecules in groundnut genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
D. E. Jharna ◽  
S. C. Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Respective Control ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Traditional Variety

Salinity is one of the environmental limiting factors in agricultural production. The aim of this study was to find out one of more salt tolerant groundnut genotypes through monitoring the growth and changes in biomolecules under salt stress condition. Purposively four groundnut genotypes, including a Traditional variety, Zhingabadam, Binachinabadam-1 and Dacca-1 were grown under three salinity levels viz. 0, 3 and 5 dSm-1. The experiment was laid out in two factorial completely randomized design with three replications. This experiment was done in soil based pot culture up to 40 days. Increasing salt concentration drastically reduced all the growth parameters, and increase proline and sugar content of leaf. Among the varieties Traditional variety, Zhingabadam and Dacca-1 had statistically similar shoot and root dry weight. The leaves of the Traditional variety contain the highest amount of proline of 14.52 and 36.24 mg/100g fresh leaves in 3 and 5 dS/m salinity, respectively which was 236 and 737 % higher than that of respective control. At EC of 3 and 5 dS/m, the variety Binachinabadam-1 was appeared to be susceptible, having an increase of 6 and 113% proline content over the respective control. Based on the shoot dry weight, root dry weight, proline content, total sugar, reducing sugar and relative water content, the Traditional variety was strongly recommended to be grown in the coastal salt affected soils. The Zhingabadam and Dacca-1 variety also could be recommended as they had comparable performance of the Traditional variety.

scholarly journals The Effect of Priming Duration with Salicylic Acid under Salinity Stress on Growth and Leaf Anatomy of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Maryani Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

Salinity stress is known for adverse effect on plants. Priming with salicylic acid was able to improve plant performance under salinity stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of priming duration with salicylic acid on growth, leaf anatomy and the optimal priming duration for sweet corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress. The experiment was based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors and five replications. The first factor was priming duration with salicylic acid (2 mM) with four different durations (0, 12, 18 and 24 h). The second factor was the level of salinity (NaCl 0% and 3%). Parameters observed were germination percentage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf proline content, leaf anatomy and stomatal density. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that 18-h priming duration observed as the highest germination percentage which was 7% higher than control.  Priming for 24 h showed phytotoxic effect for sweet corn on the germination phase by reducing the percentage of germination. The application of salicylic acid mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on maize seedlings and considerably improved root and shoot growth, photosynthetic pigments, fresh weight, dry weight, proline content, and stomatal density, as well as could maintaining the leaf anatomy. The optimal priming duration with salicylic acid for sweet corn seedlings under 3 % salinity was 18 h.

scholarly journals Germination and Seedling Growth of Zea mays L. under Different Levels of Sodium Chloride Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sozharajan ◽  
S. Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Yield Reduction

Salt stress is one of the most severe environmental factors that reduces and limits growth and development of plants. Abiotic stresses such as heavy metals, salinity, drought, temperature, UV-radiation, ozone causes drastic yield reduction in most of the crops. Especially salt stress affects around 20 of NaCl on germination and seedling growth of Zea mays L. Seeds of Zea mays were germinated in glass Petri- 100 × 15 mm diameter lined with blotting paper. Ten seeds were placed in each petri-dish. Petridishes were irrigated with 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mM concentrations of NaCl. A control was moistened with ten milliliters of distilled water. The germination percentage, water absorption of the seeds, water uptake percentage and the growth parameters were observed. The results obtained showed that the inhibition of the germination percentage, germination rate, water uptake, growth and biomass accumulation of the seedlings were observed to decrease with increasing NaCl concentrations. At the highest level of stress both plumule and radical decreased significantly. The salt stress decreased seed germination, biomass and growth of maize seedlings due to ion toxicity, decrease osmotic potential and oxidative stress

scholarly journals SOWING AND PLANTING PERIOD ON YIELD AND EAR QUALITY OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays L. var. saccharata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Atnan Ugur ◽  
Hande Ayhan Maden
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Quality Features

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) attracts people with its amazing flavour. Adverse environmental factors decrease plant's cob yield and quality. A more effective production can be made by using resistant varieties and adjusting the sowing and plating periods. In this study, the effect of direct seed sowing and cultivating with seedlings in three different times (5, 15 and 25 May) on the sweet corn's cob yield and certain quality features have been investigated. In the research hybrid sweet corn varieties; 2201, Challenger, Merit, Sunshine and Yellow Baby were used. Ear weight, ear yield, ear length, ear diameter, sequence in ear, kernel numbers in the sequence, dry weight, TSS, chroma and hue values have been identified in the study. The values obtained from cultivation with seedling have been found higher in all of the parameters except for TSS. With the progress of cultivation period while TSS and hue values in kernels have increased (9.72 to 20.94) chroma values have decreased. Husked ear weight values have changed between 184.69 to 224.11 g in varieties. The highest ear yield (3594.33 kg da-1) has been obtained from Merit by seedling planting cultivation on 15 May.

scholarly journals Determination of germination and seedling growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-701
Author(s):  
Fatih ÖNER ◽  
Ayşe Ö. Ş. SOYSAL
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Stress Levels

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food for more than half of the world’s population. Globally, rice is grown on approximately 160 million hectares with an average annual production of 740.96 million tonnes. Salinity is an important abiotic factor for germination. In this study rice varieties were analysed for salt stress tolerance at germination growth stage. The response of eight rice varieties against six (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mM NaCl) salinity levels were studied at germination stage. Seeds of eight rice varieties (‘Yatkin’, ‘Miss-2013 Passali’, ‘Kale’, ‘Manyas Yildizi’, ‘Efe’, ‘Biga Incisi’ and ‘Osmancik-97’) were kept under six salt stress levels. Number of seeds germinated (number), germination rate (%), average germination time, fresh and dry weight of germinated seeds (g), fresh and dry weight of the coleoptile (g), fresh and dry weight of the radicle (g), the length of the coleoptile and radicle (mm) were recorded. The results showed that with increasing salt stress, germination in all the varieties was delayed. The increase in salt stress also reduced every measured trait significantly in all the varieties. Maximum germination percentage (100%) was observed in ‘Biga Incisi’ under all the salt stress levels. Our research data would be helpful for identification of the tolerant varieties which can be studied further in terms of economically.

scholarly journals Effect of Drought-induced Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Zea mays L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Maksimović ◽  
Nina Janjić ◽  
Biljana Lubarda
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Induced Stress

Background: Drought is one of the major abiotic factors leading to diminishing growth, development and productivity of plants worldwide. Considering that germination is the first phase of growth which in large measure determines plant quality and yield, knowing the effects of different factors on this process is of major importance. This paper studies the effect of drought-induced stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Zea mays L. (the Sweet corn and the hybrid Pioneer B23). Methods: The effect of water stress was caused by different concentrations of mannitol: 5%, 10% and 20%. In the control, we used distilled water. The germination test was performed in three trials of 45 seeds each. The germination percentage, germination potential, drought resistance index were calculated at 3, 5 and 7 days. Growth of seedlings and biomass content were calculate at 14 days.Result: The results show significant differences between the variety and hybrid examined. The pioneer B23 seed germinated in larger number and more quickly. The Sweet corn variety seedling growth was completely absent after treatment with mannitol. The observed difference is certainly not just a consequence of higher mannitol concentrations, but also a difference in the water-retention capability of the variety and hybrid studied. 

scholarly journals AÇÃO DE BIOESTIMULANTE NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DO MILHO DOCE SUBMETIDO AO ESTRESSE SALINO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Rafaela Cristina da Cunha ◽  
Francisco De Assis de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Williane de Lima Souza ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Luan Alves Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Irrigation

AÇÃO DE BIOESTIMULANTE NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DO MILHO DOCE SUBMETIDO AO ESTRESSE SALINO  RAFAELA CRISTINA DA CUNHA1; FRANCISCO DE ASSIS DE OLIVEIRA1; MARIA WILLIANE DE LIMA SOUZA1; JOSÉ FRANCISMAR DE MEDEIROS1; LUAN ALVES LIMA1; MYCHELLE KARLA TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA1 1 Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnológicas, UFERSA; Avenida Francisco Mota, 572, 59625-900, Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró, RN, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]  1   RESUMO A utilização de água salina na agricultura é um grande desafio para pesquisadores e agricultores, pois sua utilização está condicionada a adoção de tecnologias que minimizem o efeito do estresse salino sobre as plantas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de bioestimulante como agente amenizador do estresse salino na cultura do milho doce. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5 e 4,5 dS m-1) e quatro doses de bioestimulante aplicado via tratamento de sementes (0, 5, 10 e 20 mL kg-1 de sementes). A avaliação das plantas foi realizada aos 45 dias após a semeadura, analisado as seguintes variáveis: altura de plantas, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca de colmo, massa seca de folhas, massa seca de raiz, massa seca de pendão e massa seca total. A utilização de água salina na irrigação provocou redução na maioria das variáveis de crescimento do milho doce, sendo o efeito mais expressivo sobre o desenvolvimento foliar. O tratamento de sementes com Stimulate® promove o desenvolvimento de plantas de milho doce apenas na ausência de estresse salino, não sendo eficiente como agente atenuador do efeito da salinidade, além disto, o uso de água salina na irrigação do milho inibiu o efeito benéfico do Stimulate® no desenvolvimento do milho doce. Palavras-chave: Zea mays, fitorregulador, qualidade de água  CUNHA, R. C; OLIVEIRA, F. A.; SOUZA, M. W. L.; MEDEIROS, J. F.; LIMA, L. A.; OLIVEIRA, M. K. T.ACTION BIOSTIMULANT NO INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SWEET CORN UNDER SALT STRESS  2   ABSTRACT The use of saline water in agriculture is a major challenge for researchers and farmers, because its use is subject to the adoption of technologies that minimize the effect of salt stress on plants. In this context, the present work was intended to evaluate the use of plant growth regulator as softening agent of salinity stress on the sweet corn crop. The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial 2 x 4, with two salinity levels of irrigation water (0.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four doses of plant growth regulator applied as seed treatment (0, 5, 10 and 20 ml kg-1 seed). The evaluation of the plants was carried out 45 days after sowing, and the following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of stem, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, dry weight tassel and total dry mass. The use of saline irrigation water caused a reduction in most growth variables of sweet corn, the most significant effect being on leaf development. The seed treatment Stimulate® promotes the development of sweet corn plants only in the absence of salt stress, there being effective for diminishing the effect of salinity agent, moreover, the use of saline irrigation water in maize inhibit the beneficial effect of Stimulate® in the development of sweet corn. Keywords: Zea mays, plant regulators, water quality

Response of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Olsen ◽  
JT Schaefer ◽  
MN Hunter ◽  
DG Edwards ◽  
VJ Galea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Irrigation Solution

This greenhouse study investigated the effects of the addition of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculum (Glomus mosseae [Nicol. & Gerd.] Gerdemann & Trappe and Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann) on capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Target), sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Snosweet), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Floradade) grown in a low P sandy loam (6 mg NaHCO3-extractable P/kg) with 5 rates of P (0, 10.3, 30.9, 92.7, or 278 mg P/kg oven-dry soil; P1, P2, P3, P4, or P5, respectively) and 2 rates of N (50 or 200 mg N/L in irrigation solution; N1 or N2, respectively). The growth periods (from sowing to harvest) for the 3 crops were as follows: 27 August-22 November 1993 for capsicum, 26 August-29 October 1993 for sweet corn, 31 August-22 October 1993 for tomato. For VAM-inoculated capsicum at PI, the dry weight (10.03 g/plant) and mean P concentration in the 5 youngest mature leaves (0.14%) were greater (P < 0.05) than those for uninoculated plants (0.28 g/plant; 0.09% P); a high coefficient of variation necessitated the use of log, transformed data to show differences. At low P rates, dry weight of sweet corn (P1, P2) and tomato (P1) plants colonised with VAM did not differ (P > 0.05) from uncolonised plants, despite inoculated plants having higher P concentrations in index tissues. At intermediate P rates, dry weights of inoculated plants were lower (P < 0.05) than those of uninoculated plants of sweet corn at P3 (81.1 and 102.2 g/plant, respectively) and of tomato at both P2 (11.7 and 34.5 g/plant, respectively) and P3 (39.6 and 52.1 g/plant, respectively). For all 3 crops, a lack of VAM response at high P ( >P4) was related to a lower (P < 0.05) VAM colonisation. The percentage root length colonised by VAM at P5 was only 6.8, 19.6, and 2.4% of that measured at P1 in the case of capsicum, sweet corn, and tomato roots, respectively. Increasing N concentration in the irrigation solution from 50 to 200 mg/L increased (P < 0.05) VAM colonisation of sweet corn (from 28 8 to 36 2%), but had no effect on capsicum and tomato.

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