scholarly journals Effect of different Planting Pattern of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bean (Vicia faba) on Grain Yield, Dry Matter Production and Weed Biomass

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdollah ESKANDARI ◽  
Ahmad GHANBARI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants

An experiment was conducted in University of London, Kent, UK during the year 2003. The aim of experiment was to investigate the effects of planting pattern on performance of wheat and bean intercrops. A complete randomized block design with four replications was employed to compare the treatments. Treatments included wheat sole crop (W), Bean sole crop (B), within row intercropping (M1), row intercropping (M2) and mix cropping (M3). The density of intercropping was according to replacement design (one wheat replaced by three bean plants). The results showed that total dry matter achieved by intercrops was significantly higher than those achieved by either wheat or bean sole crop. Regarding to weed control, intercrops were more effective than sole crops, especially bean sole crop. Crops performance in terms dry weight, height and percentage of leaf, stem pod and ear was affected by cropping systems depending on crop species, where wheat showed more changes compared to bean . Grain yield, harvest index and thousand grain weights of wheat were decreased in intercropping while bean had reduction only in grain yield.

scholarly journals Crop systems and topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and technological attributes of common bean under no-tillage

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luíz Checchio Mingotte ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos ◽  
Celso Antônio Jardim ◽  
Domingos Fornasieri Filho
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACT Common bean has been the main crop in succession to corn and Brachiaria in no-tillage systems, in the Brazilian Savannah. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of crop systems and topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and technological attributes of common bean under no-tillage. A randomized block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replications, was used. The plots consisted of three crop systems (corn in sole crop, corn + Urochloa ruziziensis intercropped and U. ruziziensis in sole crop) and the subplots by five nitrogen rates (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 and 160 kg ha-1). There is interaction between predecessor cropping systems and N rates for grain yield, milling efficiency specifically on sieve 13, as well as for the grain hydration ratio. Increasing topdressing N rates applied on common bean in succession to corn in sole crop promote increases in grain yield, resulting in a milling efficiency in the oblong-hole sieve 14 higher than in the other crop systems evaluated. The increase of the topdressing N rates applied on common bean in succession to corn and U. ruziziensis in sole crops or intercropped does not influence the time for maximum hydration of the grains, but reduces their cooking time, mainly in succession to U. ruziziensis and corn in sole crops.

scholarly journals Response of Wheat Plants to Combinations of Herbicides with Insecticides and Fungicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. VIECELLI ◽  
F.B. PAGNONCELLI JR. ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
B.M. CAVALHEIRO ◽  
R.C.R. GOBETTI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Chemical Groups

ABSTRACT: The combination of herbicides and other pesticides can influence weed and crop management. This study aimed to evaluate the response of the combination of different herbicides with insecticides or fungicides of different chemical groups on the development and yield of wheat grains of the cultivar ORS Vintecinco. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of 33 treatments, as follows: control without application and application of the herbicides 2,4-D (1,005 g a.e. ha-1), bentazon (756 g a.i. ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3 g a.i. ha-1), and pyroxsulam (16 g a.i. ha-1), isolated or combined with the insecticides chlorfluazuron (15 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos (720 g a.i. ha-1), deltamethrin (5 g a.i. ha-1), and methomyl (5 g a.i. ha-1) or with the fungicides azoxystrobin (100 g a.i. ha-1), carbendazim (250 g a.i. ha-1), and propiconazole (190 g a.i. ha-1). Relative tolerance (RT), shoot dry matter (SDM), yield components, and grain yield were evaluated. In general, pyroxsulam had the highest number of synergistic interactions with insecticides and fungicides, reducing RT and SDM, especially the combination pyroxsulam + chlorpyrifos due to a lower RT level (45%) and higher SDM reduction (52%). All combinations of herbicides with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and most of the combinations with the fungicide propiconazole led to a reduction of grain yield when compared to their isolated application or to control without application.

scholarly journals Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
José Alexandre Agiova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

scholarly journals Effect of Real time nitrogen management on yield attributes of direct seeded rice by using SPAD meter and Greenseeker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
saishree HALLE ◽  
SABYASACHI BISWAL ◽  
BOYAPATI RAVI TEJA NAIDU ◽  
REDDYYAMINI BOMMISETTY
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Spad Meter

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018, laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having seven treatments viz. N omission (T1), N applied as basal and AT (T2), N as basal, AT and PI (T3), N as basal and top dressing at NDVI threshold of 0.75 (T4), at NDVI threshold of 0.8 (T5), at SPAD threshold of 35.0 (T6) and SPAD threshold of 37.5 (T7) with Rice variety Sahabhagidhan.The study revealed that application of 30 kg N/ha as basal dose and top dressing of 20 kg N/ha twice at 35 and 63 DAS guided by NDVI threshold value of 0.8 (T5) was found to be superior over other treatments with respect to productivity. T5 recorded highest grain yield of 4438 kg/ha which was 17.0% higher than that top dressed at NDVI threshold of 0.75 (T4) and 7.1% higher than that top dressed at SPAD threshold value of 37.5 (T7). In case of SPAD meter, nitrogen top dressed at threshold value of 37.5 (T7) produced grain yield of 4143 kg/ha which was 15.0% higher than T6. T5 produced maximum dry matter of 8678 kg/ha with highest grain yield (4438 kg/ha), straw yield (5092 kg/ha) and harvest index 46.0%.

scholarly journals FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khazaali & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Selection For

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude  that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.

scholarly journals Effect of the use of pre- and post-emergence herbicides on nodulation and production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in the Amazonian savannah

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Anna Bárbara De Souza Cruz ◽  
José de Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Leandro Torres de Souza ◽  
Diego Lima de Souza Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design

As a control measure against weeds, the use of herbicides is an effective and inexpensive alternative. However, there are no products recommended for the cultivation of cowpea in Brazil, making it necessary to search for alternative solutions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides applied in the pre- and post-emergence on cowpea nodulation and production under conditions of the Amazonian savannah. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates, using the cowpea cultivar BRS Aracê subjected to the pre-emergence herbicides: Metribuzin, Sulfentrazone, Smetolachlor, Pendimethalin, Oxadiazon, Alachlor, Metribuzin + Pendimethalin, Metribuzin + Alachlor and Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Bentazon, Fomesafen, Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Bentazon, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazethapyr, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazamox and Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon, and post-emergence herbicides: Quizalofop-p-ethyl, Bentazon, Fomesafen, Imazethapyr, Imazamox + Bentazon, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazethapyr, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Imazamox, and Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon. The number of nodules in each plant, the dry matter of nodules, dry matter of roots and the grain yield were evaluated. According to the results obtained, the management of weeds in pre- or post-emergence according to the herbicide used affects the nodulation and productivity of cowpea under the conditions of the Amazonian savannah. The herbicides Metribuzin in preemergence,and Fomesafen and the mixture of Quizalofop-pethyl + Imazethapyr in post-emergence are not recommended for weed control in cowpea. The application of Oxadiazon, Alachlor, and Pendimethalin in pre-emergence can be considered interesting because they do not inhibit the development of the root system or the nodulation of cowpea which provides agreater grain yield. Regarding weed control strategies at postemergence, the application of the herbicide Imazethapyr and the combination of the herbicides quizalofop-p-ethyl + imazamox, Quizalofop-p-ethyl + Bentazon and Imazamox + Bentazon allow satisfactory levels of grain yield, root system development and nodulation of cowpea.

scholarly journals Leaf application of silicic acid to white oat and wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1538-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Gustavo Spadotti Amaral Castro ◽  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Acid Form ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Floral Differentiation

Silicon (Si) is beneficial to plants in several aspects, but there are doubts about the effectiveness of leaf application. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of Si, applied in a newly developed stabilized silicic acid form to the leaf, on nutrition and yield of irrigated white oat and wheat. Two experiments were performed (one per crop) in winter 2008, in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. A completely randomized block design with 14 replications was used. Treatments consisted of a control (without Si application) and Si leaf spraying, at a rate of 2.0 L ha-1 of the commercial product containing 0.8 % soluble Si. Silicon rate was divided in three parts, i.e. applications at tillering, floral differentiation and booting stages. Silicon leaf application increased N, P, K, and Si concentrations in white oat flag leaf, resulting in higher shoot dry matter, number of panicles per m², number of grains per panicle and grain yield increase of 34 %. In wheat, Si leaf application increased K and Si concentrations, shoot dry matter and number of spikes per m², resulting in a grain yield increase of 26.9 %.

scholarly journals Penentuan Waktu Panen untuk Produksi Benih Bermutu Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
IDA AYU MAYUN ◽  
A.A. MADE ASTININGSIH ◽  
I WAYAN SEDANA ◽  
I GUSTI NGURAH RAKA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Right

Determination of Harvest Time for Quality Seed Production of Long Bean Plants (Vigna sinensis L.). Seed maturity generally occurs at the same time as fruit maturity. When the fruit reaches its physiological level, it is the best time to get seeds with high quantity and best quality. Early harvest before physiological maturity many seeds have not been completely filled so that they will produce low quality seeds because many seeds are wrinkled. Meanwhile, when harvested after physiological maturity, the seeds experience weather conditions so that many seeds experience physical and physiological quality deterioration. The research aimed to get the right harvest time in the production of quality seeds of long bean plants. This study used a randomized block design with 6 treatments at harvest pods after blooming and 4 replications. The six treatments were harvest age 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 days after the flowers bloom. The results showed that the right time to harvest pods for the production of long bean seeds was 26 days after blooming, the color of the pods has changed from green to yellow,  the seeds have the highest dry weight (7,56 g),  the best germination capacity (100%), and maximum vigor (88,78%).

scholarly journals YIELD COMPONENTS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE AS A FUNCTION OF PREDECESSOR CROP

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
MARÍA EMILIA BRUSQUETTI GONZÁLEZ ◽  
IZAIAS RODRIGUES DA SILVA JUNIOR ◽  
LUIZ CARLOS FERREIRA DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Long Term Experiment

Succession crops in no-tillage system can improve the soil attributes, thus favoring the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) and contributing to grain yield increment. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of succession crops on growth and development of maize planted in the summer and the influence on grain yield. For the study, a long-term experiment was implemented, beginning in September 2009, in dystroferric Red Latosol, on the Experimental Farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), located in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul state. This article presents data collected from the 2017/2018 crop season. Randomized block design was used, with ten treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the crops preceding maize, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus), oat (Avena sativa), safflower (Carthamus tinctorious), niger (Guizothia abyssinica), vetch (Vicia sativa), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), and forage radish (Raphanus sativus). The predecessor crops positively influence dry matter mass of the aerial part of the plant, dry matter mass of 1000 grains, and productivity of the summer maize crop planted through the remains of straw (residues) of millet, oat, niger, sunn hemp, vetch and forage radish.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physiological characteristics of curcuma (Curcuma xanthorhizha Roxb.) on various intercropping patterns with soybean [Gglycine max (L.) Merrill]

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Nihayati ◽  
Deffi Armita ◽  
Binti Rulliyah
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Soybean Plants

Purpose of this research was to get the best planting pattern on Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Synm. Curcuma javanica) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) related to plants production, land equivalent ratio (LER) and R/C ratio. This research used the randomized block design involving six treatments and four replications. The growth pattern and yield of curcuma were based on the following parameters: length of plant, number of leaf, broad of leaf, fresh and dry weight of leaves, curcuma root and rhizome, LER (land equivalent ratio) and R/C ratio within six months from December 2015 to June 2016. The treatment difference was based on the LSD5%. The result showed that curcuma planted one month earlier under narrow spacing and bigger soybean population (strip relay, T-K)) suggested a longer growth than any other plating patterns. On the contrary, curcuma planted one month earlier under wide spacing and fewer number of soybean plants (row relay, T-K) suggested a better growth than others and resulting in the highest curcuma yield, lower soybean yield, LER=1.09 dan R/C=2.36.

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