scholarly journals Produtividade e valor nutritivo de gramíneas tropicais em monocultivo e em consórcio com milho na segunda safra

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Armindo Neivo Kichel ◽  
Luis Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
José Alexandre Agiova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to assess productivity and nutritional value of the tropical grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã, Xaraés, and Marandu, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, and B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy in the interseason of an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system since alternatives are needed for forage production for animal grazing in Autumn and Winter. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a split-split plot scheme with four replications. The treatments of plots consisted of five grasses, subplots consisted of three cropping systems (monoculture, intercropping with corn and unsuppressed grass, and intercropped with corn and suppressed grass), and sub-subplots consisted of four cutting intervals of grasses (50, 90, 125, and 195 days after emergence - DAE). The experiment was carried out from February to September 2014. Dry matter (DM) productivity, obtained at 195 DAE for the three cropping systems (monoculture grass, unsuppressed and suppressed grass in intercropping), were 18.45, 7.15, and 3.05 t ha?1, respectively, and average crude protein contents of leaf blades of grasses decreased linearly between the cutting intervals of 50 to 195 DAE from 19.95 to 9.70%, respectively. Under integrated systems, the studied grasses showed better yields and nutritional quality when compared to traditional grazing systems. Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés and Piatã had the highest leaf and crude protein yields when compared to Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. In terms of nutritional value, Brachiaria ruziziensis cv. Kennedy was superior to Mombaça and Xaraés grasses but had lower total dry matter yield. Finally, Xaraés, Piatã and Mombaça grasses are recommended choices ICL systems when fodder grass production is the goal.

scholarly journals Intercropping of sunflower with Brachiaria brizantha cultivars during two sowing seasons in the interim harvest

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welma Santos Cruvinel ◽  
Kátia Aparecida De Pinho Costa ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Da Costa Severiano ◽  
Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
West Region ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

Intercropping of annual crops with tropical forages is an effective cultivation method to maximize grain production and pasture formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of sunflower and the productive and nutritional characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars grown with intercropping during two different sowing seasons in the interim harvest of the Center-West region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás (GO), using a randomized block design with a 3x2+4 factorial scheme and three replicates per treatment. The following factors were tested: three Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Marandu palisadegrass, Piata palisadegrass and Xaraes palisadegrass) grown with intercropping in the inter-row with the sunflower cultivar Charrua in two different sowing seasons (February and March); four additional treatments of sunflower; and the three tested Brachiaria brizantha cultivars grown in monoculture. Intercropping of sunflower with the Xaraes palisadegrass cultivar negatively affected the agronomic characteristics of sunflower, and intercropping with Marandu palisadegrass and Piata palisadegrass cultivars is recommended. Preference should be given to the Xaraes palisadegrass cultivar for forage production and to the Piata palisadegrass cultivar for the production of forage with higher nutritional value. Sowing in March led to the best sunflower agronomic characteristics, without affecting the productive and nutritional characteristics of the forages. Intercropping of sunflower with Brachiaria brizantha cultivars is therefore a promising cultivation method for the production of achenes and forage during the inter-harvest in the Center-West region of Brazil.

scholarly journals Forage yield and quality of a dense thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" stand

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonete Alves Bakke ◽  
Olaf Andreas Bakke ◽  
Alberício Pereira Andrade ◽  
Ignacio Hernan Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The objective of this work was to compare forage production and quality of thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) in a dense planted stand, subjected to annual pruning of fine branches, in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments (thornless and thorny "jurema-preta") in a complete randomized block design, with ten replicates of two linear plots subdivided in time. Forage mass and chemical composition of fine branches and the basal diameter of plants were measured during five years. Pruning decreased (p<0.05) increments in basal diameter and forage production. Annual dry matter yields reached 4,108 and 5,833 kg ha-1, respectively, for thornless and thorny plants, and forage quality was similar (p>0.05) for both genotypes. This roughage fodder (minimum NDF and ADF averages were 56±1.1% and 43±1.0%, respectively) had low P and K concentrations. Its average crude protein content was greater than 9.9±0.5%, which exceeds the minimum necessary for animal maintenance. Both "jurema-preta" genotypes tolerated pruning of fine branches and contributed with a significant amount of roughage fodder for animal maintenance in the dry season.

scholarly journals Yield and nutritional value of biomass sorghum (BRS 716) managed in different row spacing and maturity at harvest in the semiarid region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3463-3484
Author(s):  
Ícaro Daniel Alves dos Santos Souza ◽  
◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Silage Production

The objective was to evaluate the structural, yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in different row planting spacing and harvest age in a semiarid region of Brazil. Three row spacing (45, 70 and 90 cm; plots) and four maturity at harvest (70, 100, 130 and 160 days; subplots) were evaluated following a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 split plot arrangement, with eight blocks. The useful area was 3 x 15 m. Variation in soil fertility in the area was the blocking factor. There was interaction between row spacing and maturity at harvest (P < 0.05) on plant height (P = 0.01), dry matter yield (DMY; P < 0.01) and proportion of senescent material (P = 0.01). The DMY observed at the age of 160 days and spacing of 90 cm was 41.40% higher than the DMY at the same age and in spacings of 45 and 70 cm (mean of 21.45 t/ha). As the maturity at harvest increased, there was a reduction in the crude protein content (P < 0.01), potential degradability (P < 0.01) and effective degradability (P < 0.01) of dry matter, and the content of non-fiber carbohydrates (P < 0.01), total digestible nutrients (P < 0.01) and the readily soluble fraction (P < 0.01) of the dry matter increased. Considering the yield and nutritional characteristics of biomass sorghum BRS 716 managed in the semiarid region for silage production, the row spacing of 90 cm and the maturity at harvest of 160 days after planting are recommended.

scholarly journals Proximate Nutrient Composition of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
J. Coward-Lord ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
O. García-Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
University Of Puerto Rico ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The Difference

Ten tropical forage grasses (Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Guinea, Panicum maximum; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; and Lampo, Hemarthria altissima), lightly fertilized with NH4NO3 at the rate of 350 kg/ha, were harvested by hand (machete) every 30 days during 180 days, beginning on August 20, 1970, at the College of Agricultural Sciences grass collection, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. Total dry matter (TDM) content was calculated. Forages studied were evaluated chemically for crude protein (N X 6.25) (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and ash (A). NFE was calculated as the difference between 100 and the sum of CP, CF, EE and A. Statistical analyses of variance were conducted. All fractions differed in a highly significant way with respect to species and plant age. Highly significant differences in CP, EE and A at decreasing rates and in TDM, CF and NFE at increasing rates were obtained, as the grasses advanced in maturity. The largest changes in forage quality occurred between 30 and 60 days of age.

scholarly journals Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽  
Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

scholarly journals Kecernaan Nutrien pada Babi Lokal Periode Pertumbuhan yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Biji Asam Biokonversi Spontan (NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING LOCAL PIG FED WITH DIET COMPOSED OF SPONTENOUS BIOCONVERTED-TAMARIND SEED)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Redempta Wea ◽  
I Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan ◽  
Bernadete Barek Koten
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

A research aimed to evaluate nutrients digestibility in growing local male pig fed spontaneous bioconverted-tamarind seed has been done in animal feed technology laboratory of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic.The research used 25 local male grower pigs with body weight around 3-6 kg. The study used a randomized block design with five treatments, i.e. R0 = ration using tamarind seeds without bioconversion, R1 = ration using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 24 hours, R2 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 48 hours, R3 = rations using bioconversion tamarinds spontaneous for 72 hours, and R4 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 96 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times in which each of them used five pigs. Parameters observed were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash). The data were analyzed by using variance and continued by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the time of spontaneous bioconversion of tamarind seeds increased the digestibility of tamarind seed nutrients and it was concluded that the best time of spontaneous bioconversion was for 72 hours.

The role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and rock phosphate application on production and nutritional value of centro legumes(Centrosema pubescens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyimas Popi Indriani ◽  
Yuyun Yuwariah ◽  
Ana Rochana ◽  
, Iin Susilawati ◽  
Lizah Khairani
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and rock phosphate application on production and nutritional value of centro legumes was studied. The aim of the study was to know the interaction of rock phosphate and VAM and to know the optimum dosage of VAM and rock phosphate on production and nutritional value of centro legumes. The experimental design was randomized block design. The treatments and rock phosphate levels was 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5 with and without VAM. The results revealed that VAM application increase the plant height and dry matter of centro legumes. The optimum dosage of Rock Phosphate was 200 kg ha-1 of P2O5.

Proteolysis in alfalfa silages made from different cultivars

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
R. Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
High Forage

During silage fermentation, proteolysis reduces the nutritional value of N, particularly in alfalfa. This study evaluated the proteolysis of 27 alfalfa cultivars seeded in triplicate in 2 consecutive years. Forage from each plot was wilted to a targeted dry matter (DM) content of 250 g kg–1 and ensiled in laboratory silos. Minisilos were made with spring growth and summer regrowth in the first year of production for the first seeding, and with the first 2 yr of production for the second seeding, giving 3 harvest years altogether. Concentrations of NPN, NH3, FAA, DM, TN, and pH were measured in silages, whereas RUP concentration was evaluated in forages. Low NPN concentration indicates low proteolysis during silage fermentation. Spring growth and summer regrowth were analyzed separately by ANOVA as a completely randomized block design replicated over 3 harvest years. A principal component analysis was then performed on the ANOVA means. Silage DM was used as covariate when it was deemed appropriate. There was a significant variation among cultivars for NPN concentration in silages made of summer regrowth; it varied from 612 to 717 g kg–1 of TN. Concentration of NPN was significantly lower for cultivars WL 225, Rangelander, Iroquois, and WL 222, and higher for cultivars Oneida VR, Arrow, Vernal, Spredor 2, and Armor. Oneida VR and Rangelander had respectively high and low silage NPN concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth. From cultivars with low silage NPN concentration, Rangelander was the only one with high forage RUP concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth; proteins in this cultivar would be more resistant to microbial degradation during ensiling and in the rumen. Key words: Non protein nitrogen; proteolysis; alfalfa silage; cultivars

scholarly journals DEGRADAÇÃO RUMINAL DA MATÉRIA SECA E DE PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE VOLUMOSOS PARA BOVINOS Ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein of roughages for cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Henrique De Tonissi e Buschinelli ◽  
Rita De Cássia Menchon Tramontini ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Gabriel Daltoé de Almeida ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca e proteína bruta por meio da técnica in situ dos capins Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum cortados aos 60 dias de idade, das silagens de milho, sorgo e milheto, dos fenos de coast cross, guandu e soja perene e do farelo de soja. Foram utilizados três novilhos com peso médio de 300 kg, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais. Os volumosos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h, e o farelo de soja incubado nos tempos 48, 24, 18, 12, 6, 3 e 0h. Os resíduos dos sacos foram analisados quanto aos teores de matéria seca e proteína bruta. O farelo de soja apresentou alta degradabilidade efetiva para MS em função das frações solúveis (32,85%) e fração potencialmente degradável (65,75%). A silagem de sorgo apresentou elevada fração solúvel e potencialmente degradável se comparada às demais silagens. O feno de soja perene apresentou a maior degradabilidade de MS (80,42%), entre os volumosos avaliados. Para a proteína, destacam-se a baixa degradabilidade apresentada pelo feno de guandu (36,91%) e os demais volumosos apresentaram degradabilidade variando entre 64,50 a 74,56%.

scholarly journals 7. Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Several Mulberry Species (Morus spp) Agains Spacing Plant, and Cutting Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Rijanto Hutasoit ◽  
Simon Ginting ◽  
Juniar Sirait ◽  
Andi Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Morus Spp

The cultivation of mulberry as forages is scarce in Indonesian feeding system for ruminant production, although many studies have indicated  its nutritional potential as animal feed especially ruminants. This study was aimed to investigate the effects spacing of plant and cutting age on productivity and chemical composition of some species mulberry plants. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with factorial treatments. The factors species were (M. indica cv kanva, M. nigra, M. cathyana, and M. Multicaulis), the spacing of plants (1 x 0.5 m, 1 x 1 m and 1 x 1.5 m) and cutting ages (210, 240, and 270 days after planting). The results showed that species, M. multicaulis and M. cathyana are the highest growth, using a spacing of 1 x 0.5 m with cutting age 270 days after planting. Dry matter production highest (P < 0,05) in M. Cathyana at spacing of 1 x 0.5 with cutting age 270 days after planting. The ratio of leaves and stems of plants are affected by age, the highest proportions of leaf  is obtained at the cutting age of 210 days. Chemical composition were highest in M.multicaulis at the age of 270 days. The highest content of  organic matter (OM) were found in M.Kanva and not different with M. Nigra at the age of 270 day after planting. In treatment of cutting ages have no effect (P < 0.05) on the Crude protein (CP), ADF, NDF, lignin and tannin content. The average content of CP obtained gained 20.69%, 32.38% ADF, NDF 33.99%, 12.45% lignin and tannin 0.3%. Concluded that mulberry plants with a plant spacing of plant 1 x 0.5 and 270 days after plant have more advantages for use as animal feed.

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