scholarly journals Influence of Weed Competition on Potato Growth, Production and Radiation Use Efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad MONDANI ◽  
Farid GOLZARDI ◽  
Godarz AHMADVAND ◽  
Reza GHORBANI ◽  
Rooholla MORADI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Loss Level

Weed management in potato production is one of the main cost and time consuming practices. Understanding the most effective time of weed control could reduce the costs and increase potato yield. Field study was conducted in the west region of Iran during 2006 to evaluate the effect of weeds damage in potato fields. Twelve treatments used consisted of six initial weed-free periods in which plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after crop emergence (DAE), and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest, and six initial weed-infested periods in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 DAE, then the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest. Experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed effect of weed competition on crop dry matter started about 40 DAE and about 90 DAE reached its maximum. The weeds competition decreased dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, leaf area index duration, light absorption, light extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of potato. Weeds reduced the potato yield 54.8 percent. The beginning and the end of the critical period of weed control in potato (CPWC) was based on 5% and 10% tuber yield loss. The onset of the CPWC ranged from 486 to 572 GDD, at 5% and 10% yield loss level corresponding to 11 and 19 days after crop emergence, respectively. The end of the CPWC varied from 1372 to 1164 GDD, at 5% and 10% yield loss level corresponding to 65 and 51 days after crop emergence, respectively. RUE in the weed infestation treatment in comparison to the weed free treatment, reduced 11.8 percent.

scholarly journals Grafting effect on photosynthetic activity and yield of tomato under a plastic house in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 9621-9629
Author(s):  
Jamer Alexis Ramirez Jimenez ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Ribeiro Marchiori ◽  
Oscar de Jesús Córdoba-Gaona
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Grafting is an effective approach to improve tomato yield and for tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. This technique consists of using a vigorous or resistant plant (rootstock) to replace the root system of a genotype of economic interest (scion) but susceptible to one or more stress factors. The present work aimed to evaluate the physiological and productive response of a commercial tomato scion grafted on different rootstocks in Colombia’s high-Andean region. For this purpose, a tomato cv. Libertador was grafted on two commercial (“Olimpo” and “Armada”) tomato rootstocks in a randomized complete block experimental design. Four scion×rootstock combinations were evaluated by vigor rootstock, resistant rootstock, self-grafting, and non-grafted plants. Net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency were evaluated during six phenological stages (701, 704, 706, 708, 710, and 712), according to the BBCH scale; while the leaf area index and quantum yield were analyzed in five phenological stages (except 706). The highest values of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water and radiation use efficiency were registered in the initial phase of the production stage (701), which tended to decline at the end of the life cycle (712). Transpiration rate was similar throughout the growth cycle. Nevertheless, vigor rootstock presented the lowest photosynthesis rate; it was superior in terms of leaf area index, leaves dry matter, and tomato yield. The quantum yield values of the photosystem II did not indicate photochemical injuries in any of the scion×rootstock combinations. The higher tomato yield was reached in vigor rootstock and was associated with a more significant accumulation of dry matter in the leaf and higher leaf area index.

scholarly journals Radiation Use Efficiency for Cowpea Subjected to Different Irrigation Depths Under the Climatic Conditions of the Northeast Of Pará State

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587
Author(s):  
Denis de Pinho Sousa ◽  
Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Vivian Dielly da Silva Farias ◽  
Hildo Giuseppe Caldas Nunes ◽  
Denílson Pontes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation

Abstract This study aims to determine the cowpea efficiency in absorbing and using solar radiation according to different irrigation depths under the climatic conditions of the northeast of Pará State. The experiment was carried out on 2014 and 2016 in an experimental design of randomized blocks, which consisted in six blocks with four treatments, in which different irrigation depths the reproductive phase were applied, as follows: T100, T50, T25 e T0, that corresponded to 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% of the crop evapotranspiration, respectively. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, leaf area index (LAI), total aerial dry matter (TADM) and grain yield were measured. The extinction coefficient (k) was obtained by nonlinear regression between the fraction of absorbed PAR (fPARinter) and the LAI. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was calculated by linear regression between the TADM and the accumulated absorbed PAR. The water deficit imposed by the treatments had a significant influence on the LAI, TADM and cowpea yields. The water deficit did not significantly influenced k – it ranged between 0.83 for T100 and 0.70 for T0. The RUE showed significant behaviors regarding the treatments with adequate water supply and treatments under water deficit, ranging from 2.23 to 1.64 g·MJ-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Supplementary irrigation in Sudan grass: Leaf area index, dry matter production and water use efficiency

Científica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Impact of water deficit on light interception, radiation use efficiency and leaf area index in a potato crop (Solanum tuberosumL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. CAMARGO ◽  
F. MONTOYA ◽  
M. A. MORENO ◽  
J. F. ORTEGA ◽  
J. I. CÓRCOLES
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYThe aim of the current research was to analyse the effect of four water irrigation treatments (1·20, 1·00, 0·80 and 0·60 of the crop water requirement) on the relationships among leaf area index (LAI), radiation use efficiency (RUE) and green canopy cover in a potato crop (Solanum tuberosumL.) cv. Agria. The crop was established in a commercial plot irrigated with a centre pivot system in Southeast Spain during the 2011 and 2012 seasons. In both seasons, the highest light absorption efficiency values occurred at the LAI value of 3 that corresponded to maximum ground cover. With regard to the irrigation treatment, a significant linear response was indicated for RUE. The results indicate that the 1·00 irrigation treatment produced the best result, improving water resources management without reducing crop yield.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF EARLY POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDE APPLICATION ON WEED CONTROL, CROP GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN TRANSPLANTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Srinithan ◽  
K. Arivukkarasu Arivukkarasu ◽  
P. Sivasakthivelan ◽  
R. Rex Immanuel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Matter Production

A field experiment was conducted during Kuruvai season at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University to evaluate the performance of early post emergence application of herbicides on weed control in transplanted rice. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. All the imposed treatments significantly influenced the weed parameters and crop parameters in rice. The experimental results revealed that, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAT recorded the lowest total weed count (13.74), highest weed control efficiency (WCE) (92.79 per cent), highest plant height (85.76 cm), higher leaf area index (4.28), higher crop dry matter production (7689 kg ha-1 )and highest nutrient uptake by rice crop (134.79, 33.17, 99.41 kg of N, P2O5 , K2O ha-1, respectively) which was statistically on par with application of penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl@135 g ha-1 (premix)(15 DAT) that recorded the total weed count (16.74), weed control efficiency (91.21 per cent), plant height (85.03cm), leaf area index (4.19), dry matter production (7567 kg ha-1), crop nutrient uptake (132.37 , 32.48, 97.25 kg of N, P2O5 , K2O ha-1, respectively). Highest total weed count, with lowest plant height, leaf area index, crop dry matter production and crop nutrient uptake were recorded with unweeded control.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and radiation use efficiency of pulses grown under different light conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
KN Manoj ◽  
MR Umesh ◽  
YM Ramesh ◽  
SR Anand ◽  
Sangu Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of varying light conditions on growth, morphology and seed yield of pulses. Treatments consisted of 50, 75 and 100% of the full sunlight tested in pigeonpea, cowpea, lablab and blackgram species. Under field condition, artificial shade was created by erecting white nylon nets at 30 days and maintained until final harvest. Results showed that shading at both 50 and 75% of the full sunlight had significant (p < 0.05) negative effect on leaf area index (16 - 35%), total dry matter production (11 - 18%), grain yield (19 - 32%) of pulses over full sunlight. However, radiation use efficiency (RUE) of pulses based on either grain or biomass production was higher in shade plants. Pigeonpea and lablab were relatively shade tolerant compared to cowpea and blackgram with potential crops for growth under reduced light environment conditions.

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