Determination of Anaerobic Capacity - Reliability and Validity of Sprint Running Tests

PURPOSE: A number of physiological diagnostics were developed. However, the timeline-related diagnostics of maximal anaerobic glycolytic capacity remain unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a sprint running test to assess the anaerobic capacity.METHODS: The study was divided into three parts. Sixty-one male (24±4 years, 181.0±4.3 cm; 78.5±5.9 kg) and twelve female (25±3 years, 167.0±0.6 cm, 60.4±5.7 kg) sports students participated in this study. Twenty-five subjects (13 males, 24±2 years, 181.0±0.5 cm, 78.5±5.9 kg; 12 females, 25±3 years, 167.0±0.6 cm, 60.4±5.7 kg) performed incremental step tests at running track and several linear sprints on a running track (LSRT) with different time durations (8, 10, 12, and 14 seconds)(part I) on different days. Twenty-five male subjects (24±3 years, 180.7±6.7 cm, 84.6±8.8 kg) conducted a 10 or 12 second sprint running on a non-motorized treadmill (NMT)(part II). In part III, twenty-three male subjects (24±2 years, 181.4±5.8 cm, 74.5±7.4 kg) ran a 10 second LSRT and NMT on consecutive days. Capillary blood samplings were taken before (Lacr) and after the sprint running for ten minutes at one minute intervals to find out maximal lactate concentration after exercise and to calculate the maximum lactate production rate (LPRmax).RESULTS: For all parts reliability for LPRmax was proven (Part I: 8 seconds: ICC: r=.89; 10 seconds: ICC: r=.82; 12 seconds: ICC: r=.92; 14 seconds: r=.84, respectively; Part II: 10 seconds: ICC: r=.76; 12 seconds: ICC: r=.79). To analyze validity for LPRmax, Part III was conducted and proven valid (ICC: r=.96, p=.074).CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that LSRT and NMT reliably determine anaerobic capacity and can be used as a valid tool for physiological performance diagnostics.

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Determination of Anaerobic Capacity - Reliability and Validity of Sprint Running Tests

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2020.29.2.129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corinna Wawer ◽

Oliver Heine ◽

Hans-Georg Predel ◽

Da-Sol Park ◽

Woo-Hwi Yang

Keyword(s):

Lactate Concentration ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Sprint Running ◽

Incremental Step ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Performance Diagnostics ◽

Maximum Lactate

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Effects of priming exercise on VO2 kinetics and O2 deficit at the onset of stepping and cycling

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.66.5.2023 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 2023-2031 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

P. E. di Prampero ◽

P. B. Mahler ◽

D. Giezendanner ◽

P. Cerretelli

Keyword(s):

Lactate Concentration ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Work Load ◽

O2 Uptake ◽

Vo2 Max ◽

Double Exponential ◽

Vo2 Kinetics ◽

Male Subjects ◽

O2 Deficit

Breath-by-breath O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics and increase of blood lactate concentration (delta Lab) were determined at the onset of square-wave stepping (S) or cycling (C) exercise on six male subjects during 1) transition from rest (R) to constant work load, 2) transition from lower to heavier work loads, wherein the baseline VO2 (VO2 s) was randomly chosen between 20 and 65% of the subjects' maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max), and 3) inverse transition from higher to lower work loads and/or to rest. VO2 differences between starting and arriving levels were 20–60% VO2 max. In C, the VO2 on-response became monotonically slower with increasing VO2 s, the half time (t1/2) increasing from approximately 22 s for VO2 s = R to approximately 63 s when VO2 s approximately equal to 50% VO2 max. In S, the fastest VO2 kinetics (t1/2 = 16 s) was attained from VO2 s = 15–30% VO2 max, the t1/2 being approximately 25 s when starting from R or from 50% VO2 max. The slower VO2 kinetics in C were associated with a much larger delta Lab. The VO2 kinetics in recovery were essentially the same in all cases and could be approximated by a double exponential with t1/2 of 21.3 +/- 6 and 93 +/- 45 s for the fast and slow components, respectively. It is concluded that the O2 deficit incurred is the sum of three terms: 1) O2 stores depletion, 2) O2 equivalent of early lactate production, and 3) O2 equivalent of phosphocreatine breakdown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Energetics of best performances in middle-distance running

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2318 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 2318-2324 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

P. E. Di Prampero ◽

C. Capelli ◽

P. Pagliaro ◽

G. Antonutto ◽

M. Girardis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactate Concentration ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Metabolic Power ◽

Power Requirement ◽

Record Times ◽

Unit Distance ◽

Standard Value ◽

Maximal Metabolic Power

Oxygen consumption (VO2) and blood lactate concentration were determined during constant-speed track running on 16 runners of intermediate level competing in middle distances (0.8–5.0 km). The energy cost of track running per unit distance (Cr) was then obtained from the ratio of steady-state VO2, corrected for lactate production, to speed; it was found to be independent of speed, its overall mean being 3.72 +/- 0.24 J.kg-1 x m-1 (n = 58; 1 ml O2 = 20.9 J). Maximal VO2 (VO2max) was also measured on the same subjects. Theoretical record times were then calculated for each distance and subject and compared with actual seasonal best performances as follows. The maximal metabolic power (Er max) a subject can maintain in running is a known function of VO2max and maximal anaerobic capacity and of the effort duration to exhaustion (te). Er max was then calculated as a function of te from VO2max, assuming a standard value for maximal anaerobic capacity. The metabolic power requirement (Er) necessary to cover a given distance (d) was calculated as a function of performance time (t) from the product Crdt-1 = Er. The time values that solve the equality Er max(te) = Er(t), assumed to yield the theoretical best t, were obtained by an iterative procedure for any given subject and distance and compared with actual records.

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FSMP-06. IN VIVO MONITORING OF LDHA EXPRESSION IN GLIOBLASTOMA USING QUANTITATIVE EXCHANGED-LABEL TURNOVER 1H MRS TECHNIQUE

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab024.070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i17-i17

Author(s):

Puneet Bagga ◽

Laurie Rich ◽

Mohammad Haris ◽

Neil Wilson ◽

Mitch Schnall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Deuterium Labeling ◽

1H Mrs ◽

In Vivo Monitoring ◽

Lactate Turnover ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Specialized Hardware

Abstract Most cancers, including glioblastomas (GBMs), rely extensively on glycolysis to support growth, proliferation, and survival. A hallmark of this elevated glycolysis is overexpression of Lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) protein leading to increased uptake of glucose and overproduction of lactate. Various clinical trials using LDHA as a target for diagnosis and treatment have yielded encouraging results. However, in vivo monitoring of LDHA expression has been challenging due to either requirement of administration of radioactive substrates or specialized hardware. In this presentation, we will demonstrate a new method-quantitative exchanged-label turnover MRS (QELT, or simply qMRS)-that increases the sensitivity of magnetic resonance-based metabolic mapping without the requirement for specialized hardware. qMRS relies on the administration of deuterated (2H-labeled) substrates to track the production of downstream metabolites. Since 2H is invisible on 1H MRS, replacement of 1H with 2H due to metabolic turnover leads to an overall reduction in 1H MRS signal for the corresponding metabolites. We applied our qMRS technique to monitor the rate of lactate production in a preclinical GBM model. Infusion of [6,6’-2H2]glucose led to downstream deuterium labeling of lactate, thereby resulting in a reduction in the 1.33 ppm lactate-CH3 peak on 1H MRS over time. The subtraction of post-administration 1H MR spectra from the pre-infusion spectra aided in the determination of the kinetics of the lactate turnover. We believe that the detection and quantification of lactate production kinetics may provide crucial information regarding tumor LDHA expression non-invasively in GBMs without requiring biopsies. Hence, qMRS is expected to open up new opportunities to probe LDHA expression differences in a variety of gliomas, including GBMs and astrocytomas. This method takes advantage of the universal availability and ease of implementation of 1H MRS on all clinical and preclinical magnetic resonance scanners.

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Measuring Mobility of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints II, III, IV, and V in the Dorso-Volar Plane

Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/emed_jour_1984_013_006_02 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C Wagner ◽

D Drescher

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Interrater Agreement ◽

Range Of Movement ◽

Men And Women ◽

Examination Method ◽

Total Range ◽

Flexion And Extension

An electronic gravity goniometer was developed for determining the passive range of movement of the MCP joints II, III, IV, and V in the dorso-volar plane by the use of preset torques. Test–retest measurements on 23 healthy subjects between the ages of 18 and 57 demonstrated high intrarater and interrater agreement for determining the total range. In the determination of the amounts of flexion and extension the measurement of the flexion was less reliable. There was overall evidence of a declining tendency of reliability from MCP joint II to MCP joint V, probably caused by different reactions of the joints to repeated measurements. The higher total range of the MCP joints in women was principally caused by a higher range of extension. In the case of men and women the range of MCP joint V was noticeably greater than that of the other three joints. The mobility of the four MCP joints correlates relatively closely as a whole, however, in the case of the non-adjacent joints less closely than with the adjacent joints. Reliability and validity of the examination method were balanced against one another with regard to testing of the biomechanical pre-conditions for manual dexterity.

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Are the Naranjo Criteria Reliable and Valid for Determination of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Intensive Care Unit?

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1g177 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 1823-1827 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sandra L Kane-Gill ◽

Levent Kirisci ◽

Dev S Pathak

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Kappa Statistic ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Cronbach Alpha

BACKGROUND The Naranjo criteria are frequently used for determination of causality for suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs); however, the psychometric properties have not been studied in the critically ill. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Naranjo criteria for ADR determination in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS All patients admitted to a surgical ICU during a 3-month period were enrolled. Four raters independently reviewed 142 suspected ADRs using the Naranjo criteria (review 1). Raters evaluated the 142 suspected ADRs 3–4 weeks later, again using the Naranjo criteria (review 2). Inter-rater reliability was tested using the kappa statistic. The weighted kappa statistic was calculated between reviews 1 and 2 for the intra-rater reliability of each rater. Cronbach alpha was computed to assess the inter-item consistency correlation. The Naranjo criteria were compared with expert opinion for criterion validity for each rater and reported as a Spearman rank (rs) coefficient. RESULTS The kappa statistic ranged from 0.14 to 0.33, reflecting poor inter-rater agreement. The weighted kappa within raters was 0.5402–0.9371. The Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.443 to 0.660, which is considered moderate to good. The rs coefficient range was 0.385–0.545; all rs coefficients were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inter-rater reliability is marginal; however, within-rater evaluation appears to be consistent. The inter-item correlation is expected to be higher since all questions pertain to ADRs. Overall, the Naranjo criteria need modification for use in the ICU to improve reliability, validity, and clinical usefulness.

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Costal diaphragmatic O2 and lactate extraction in laryngeal hemiplegic ponies during exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1723 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1723-1728 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Manohar ◽

T. E. Goetz ◽

D. Nganwa

Keyword(s):

Maximal Exercise ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Insignificant Change ◽

Resistive Breathing ◽

O2 Extraction ◽

Before And After ◽

Arterial Po2

Diaphragmatic O2 and lactate extraction were examined in seven healthy ponies during maximal exercise (ME) carried out without, as well as with, inspiratory resistive breathing. Arterial and diaphragmatic venous blood were sampled simultaneously at rest and at 30-s intervals during the 4 min of ME. Experiments were carried out before and after left laryngeal hemiplegia (LH) was produced. During ME, normal ponies exhibited hypocapnia, hemoconcentration, and a decrease in arterial PO2 (PaO2) with insignificant change in O2 saturation. In LH ponies, PaO2 and O2 saturation decreased well below that in normal ponies, but because of higher hemoglobin concentration, arterial O2 content exceeded that in normal ponies. Because of their high PaCO2 during ME, acidosis was more pronounced in LH animals despite similar lactate values. Diaphragmatic venous PO2 and O2 saturation decreased with ME to 15.5 +/- 0.9 Torr and 18 +/- 0.5%, respectively, at 120 s of exercise in normal ponies. In LH ponies, corresponding values were significantly less: 12.4 +/- 1.3 Torr and 15.5 +/- 0.7% at 120 s and 9.8 +/- 1.4 Torr and 14.3 +/- 0.6% at 240 s of ME. Mean phrenic O2 extraction plateaued at 81 and 83% in normal and LH animals, respectively. Significant differences in lactate concentration between arterial and phrenic-venous blood were not observed during ME. It is concluded that PO2 and O2 saturation in the phrenic-venous blood of normal ponies do not reach their lowest possible values even during ME. Also, the healthy equine diaphragm, even with the added stress of inspiratory resistive breathing, did not engage in net lactate production.

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Use of the Accusport semi-automated analyser to determine blood lactate as an aid in the clinical assessment of horses with colic

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v72i1.602 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M.L. Schulman ◽

J.P. Nurton ◽

A.J. Guthrie

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Tissue Perfusion ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Clinically Normal ◽

Case Outcome

The most useful diagnostic methods in the initial evaluation of horses with colic assess the morphological and functional status of the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular status. This evaluation is best achieved using a combination of clinical and laboratory data. Blood lactate concentration (BL) is one of these variables. BL rises mainly due to poor tissue perfusion and anaerobic glycolysis associated with shock, providing an indicator of both the severity of disease and its prognosis. A hand-held lactate meter, Accusport, provides a rapid (60 seconds), inexpensive dry-chemical-based determination of BL. This trial evaluated the Accusport's ability to provide BL data as an adjunct to the initial clinical evaluation of horses with colic. The accuracy of the Accusport was tested by evaluation of its interchangeability with the benchmark enzymatic kit evaluation of BL in a trial using data collected firstly from 10 clinically normal control horses and subsequently from 48 horses presented with signs of colic. The BL values were recorded together with the clinical variables of heart rate (HR), capillary refill time (CRT), haematocrit (Hct), and pain character and severity on the initial assessment of the colic horses. Information regarding choice of therapeutic management (medical or surgical) and eventual case outcome (full recovery or died/euthanased) was recorded. The Accusport was found to be interchangeable with the enzymatic kit for recording BL values in colic horses with BL <10 mmol/ , which is within the BL range associated with survival. The interchangeability of an additional, laboratory-based wet chemical assay for BL, the Stat 7 was simultaneously evaluated for the colic and control horses. The Stat 7 was found to be interchangeable with the enzymatic kit for BL determination of colic horses. No linear associations between BL values with HR, CRT, Hct or pain assessment were observed. No relationship with either selection of therapeutic method or eventual case outcome was observed. All horses with BL >8 mmol/ died or were euthanased.

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Time required for the restoration of normal heavy exercise V̇o2 kinetics following prior heavy exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00475.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 101 (5) ◽

pp. 1320-1327 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Mark Burnley ◽

Jonathan H. Doust ◽

Andrew M. Jones

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Slow Component ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Heavy Exercise ◽

Cycle Exercise ◽

V̇o2 Kinetics ◽

Time Required ◽

Male Subjects

Prior heavy exercise markedly alters the O2 uptake (V̇o2) response to subsequent heavy exercise. However, the time required for V̇o2 to return to its normal profile following prior heavy exercise is not known. Therefore, we examined the V̇o2 responses to repeated bouts of heavy exercise separated by five different recovery durations. On separate occasions, nine male subjects completed two 6-min bouts of heavy cycle exercise separated by 10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 min of passive recovery. The second-by-second V̇o2 responses were modeled using nonlinear regression. Prior heavy exercise had no effect on the primary V̇o2 time constant (from 25.9 ± 4.7 s to 23.9 ± 8.8 s after 10 min of recovery; P = 0.338), but it increased the primary V̇o2 amplitude (from 2.42 ± 0.39 to 2.53 ± 0.41 l/min after 10 min of recovery; P = 0.001) and reduced the V̇o2 slow component (from 0.44 ± 0.13 to 0.21 ± 0.12 l/min after 10 min of recovery; P < 0.001). The increased primary amplitude was also evident after 20–45 min, but not after 60 min, of recovery. The increase in the primary V̇o2 amplitude was accompanied by an increased baseline blood lactate concentration (to 5.1 ± 1.0 mM after 10 min of recovery; P < 0.001). Baseline blood lactate concentration was still elevated after 20–60 min of recovery. The priming effect of prior heavy exercise on the V̇o2 response persists for at least 45 min, although the mechanism underpinning the effect remains obscure.

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Acute anemia increases lactate production and decreases clearance during exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.67.2.756 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 756-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. G. Gregg ◽

R. S. Mazzeo ◽

T. F. Budinger ◽

G. A. Brooks

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Flow Distribution ◽

Plasma Catecholamine ◽

Metabolic Clearance ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Mean Values

We evaluated whether elevated blood lactate concentration during exercise in anemia is the result of elevated production or reduced clearance. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were made acutely anemic by exchange transfusion of plasma for whole blood. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced 33%, to 8.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dl and 26.5 +/- 1.1%, respectively. Blood lactate kinetics were studied by primed continuous infusion of [U-14C]lactate. Blood flow distribution during rest and exercise was determined from injection of 153Gd- and 113Sn-labeled microspheres. Resting blood glucose (5.1 +/- 0.2 mM) and lactate (1.9 +/- 0.02 mM) concentrations were not different in anemic animals. However, during exercise blood glucose was lower in anemic animals (4.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.1 mM) and lactate was higher (6.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.5 mM). Blood lactate disposal rates (turnover measured with recyclable tracer, Ri) were not different at rest and averaged 136 +/- 5.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1. Ri was significantly elevated in both control (260.9 +/- 7.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1) and anemic animals (372.6 +/- 8.6) during exercise. Metabolic clearance rate (MCR = Ri/[lactate]) did not differ during rest (151 +/- 8.2 ml.kg-1.min-1); MCR was reduced more by exercise in anemic animals (64.3 +/- 3.8) than in controls (129.2 +/- 4.1). Plasma catecholamine levels were not different in resting rats, with pooled mean values of 0.45 +/- 0.1 and 0.48 +/- 0.1 ng/ml for epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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