scholarly journals The Relationship of Physical Activity Level With Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Cognitive Function in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-536
Author(s):  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Jin-Su Kim ◽  
Eui-Young Lee ◽  
Shin-Young Park ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Relationship Of

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of physical activity level with arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young adults.METHODS: Forty-six young adults participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity levels were assessed for seven consecutive days using accelerometers. To assess arterial stiffness, the carotid–femoral artery pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index (AIx) were measured. Cognitive function was assessed using the Stroop Color-Word test, and cerebral blood flow was evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy devices during the cognitive function test.RESULTS: AIx was inversely associated with axis-1 counts, vector magnitude counts, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) time, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) time (r≤-0.31, p≤.04). The AIx adjusted to the heart rate of 75 beats per minute was inversely correlated with axis-1 counts, vector magnitude counts, step counts, MPA time, and MVPA time (r≤-0.33, p≤.03). There was no relationship between cfPWV and physical activity level parameters (r≤0.10, p≥.51). The difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin levels was positively related to axis-1 counts, step counts, MPA time, and MVPA time (r≥0.31, p≤.04). Regarding cognitive function, the response time for the presented words was negatively associated with step counts (r=-0.42, p<.01) and MPA time (r=-0.29, p=.048), and response time on the presented words with matched color was negatively related to step counts (r=-0.31, p=.04).CONCLUSIONS: More physically active adults are more likely to have lower arterial stiffness, increased brain oxygenation, and better cognitive function, even if they are young and healthy.

scholarly journals How much locomotive activity is needed for an active physical activity level: analysis of total step counts

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Ohkawara ◽  
Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata ◽  
Jong Hoon Park ◽  
Izumi Tabata ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Level Analysis

scholarly journals Altered Arterial Stiffness, Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in Young Smokers in Response to One-Bout of Aerobic Exercise: MICE vs. HIIE

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Jisun Hwang ◽  
Ruda Lee ◽  
Jin-Su Kim ◽  
Moon-Hyon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Young Smokers

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers.METHODS: Young smokers (23.1 years & 7.2 pack years) were randomly assigned to either MICE (n=5) or HIIE (n=4) group. MICE was implemented at 70% of HRmax for 30 minutes. HIIE was performed at 70% and 90% of HRmax for 24 minutes. Central artery stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx) at pre and post-exercise, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours following the exercises. Cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy technique before and during exercise, and at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 24 hours following the exercises. Cognitive function was assessed by Stroop Color-Word test at pre-exercise, and 30 minutes and 24 hours following the exercises.RESULTS: There was no significant group by time interaction in cfPWV, AIx, cerebral blood flow (HbO2) level, and cognitive function. Compared with MICE, cfPWV was increased (p=.01) at 30 minutes but AIx was decreased (p=.02) at 1 hour following HIIE. When MICE and HIIE combined, arterial stiffness and cerebral blood flow measures, and cognitive function parameters were improved following even one-bout of exercise (p≤.049). Change in AIx was associated with change in cognitive function at 30 minutes following the exercises (r=.69, p=.06).CONCLUSIONS: Even one-bout of either MIIE or HIIT acutely improves aortic wave reflection, cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in young smokers. The intensity of aerobic exercise does not seem to make meaningful differences in the positive effects on arterial stiffness, cerebral blood flow, and cognitive function in young smokers if both exercises have the same volume.

Long-Term Effects of Individually Tailored Physical Training and Activity on Physical Function, Well-Being and Cognition in Scandinavian Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Frändin ◽  
Helena Grönstedt ◽  
Jorunn L. Helbostad ◽  
Astrid Bergland ◽  
Mette Andresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Physical Functions

Background: The preservation of physical functions such as muscle strength, balance and mobility is fundamental to maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL). The physical activity level of most nursing home residents is very low, which implies that they are often subject to a decline in health, mobility, autonomy and social contacts and are also at risk of suffering a decline in mental well-being. In a previous study, we demonstrated that transfers, balance and physical activity level improved after 3 months of individually tailored intervention in nursing home residents. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects on ADL, balance function, physical activity level, physical performance, falls-related self-efficacy, well-being and cognitive function 3 months after the completion of our intervention in nursing home residents. Methods: The study was a multicenter randomized, controlled clinical trial with a parallel-group design. It was conducted in nursing homes in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, with an intervention period lasting 3 months and a follow-up at 6 months. Initially, 322 nursing home residents with a mean age of 85 years were included; 85 from Sweden, 171 from Norway and 66 from Denmark. Of these, 241 [129 intervention group (IG), 112 control group (CG)] were eligible for the 6-month follow-up tests. The level of dependence in ADL, physical activity level, several dimensions of physical function, well-being, falls-related self-efficacy and cognitive function were assessed with reliable and valid instruments at baseline, immediately after 3 months of intervention and 3 months later at the 6-month follow-up. Results: After 3 months of intervention and an additional period of 3 months without intervention, only the following 2 variables demonstrated significant group differences: social and cognitive function, measured by the Functional Independence Measure n-r, where the IG deteriorated while the CG was almost stable. However, regarding transfers, the IG deteriorated significantly less than the CG. Conclusion: Without supervised physical exercise that challenged the individuals' capability, gains in ADL function, balance and transfer ability deteriorated during the 3 months following the intervention period. Thus, continuous, individually adjusted and supported physical activity seems crucial for the maintenance of physical functions in these vulnerable elderly persons.

Feasibility, Usability and Effectiveness of a Machine Learning Based Physical Activity Chatbot (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quyen G To ◽  
Chelsea Green ◽  
Corneel Vandelanotte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Motivational Messages ◽  
Step Counts

BACKGROUND Behavioural eHealth and mHealth interventions have been moderately successful in increasing physical activity, although opportunity for further improvement remains. Chatbots equipped with natural language processing can interact and engage with users. Chatbots can also help continuously self-monitor physical activity levels using data from wearable sensors and smartphones. However, there is lack of studies evaluating effectiveness of chatbot interventions on physical activity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility, usability and effectiveness of an interactive machine learning based physical activity chatbot. METHODS A quasi-experimental design without a control group was conducted with outcomes evaluated at baseline and six weeks after participants started to use the chatbot. Recruitment was conducted using an existing e-mail list. Participants were asked to wear a Fitbit Flex 1 and connect to the chatbot via Messenger app. The chatbot was able to 1) provide daily updates on the physical activity level; 2) send out daily motivational messages in relation to goal achievement; and 3) automatically adjust the daily goals based on physical activity level in the last 7 days. The chatbot also 1) provided sources of information on the benefits of physical activity; 2) send general motivational messages to encourage participants become more active; and 3) checked participant’s activity history (i.e., the step counts or minutes that were achieved on any day) when triggered by the participants. Information about usability and acceptability were self-reported. Main outcomes were daily step counts recorded by the Fitbit and self-reported physical activity. RESULTS Most participants (n = 116) were female (81.9%), in a relationship (73.3%), Caucasian (87.1%), and full-time workers (70.7%). Their average age were 49.1 years with an average BMI of 32.5. Most experienced technical issues due to an unexpected Facebook policy change (82.3%). The majority of the participants scored the usability of the chatbot (74,3%) and the Fitbit (65.2%) “below average”. About one-third (35.3%) would continue to use the chatbot in the future, 53.1% agreed that the chatbot helped them become more active. On average, 6.7 messages/week were sent to the chatbot and 5.1 minutes/day were spent using the chatbot. At follow up, participants recorded significantly more steps (increase of 627 steps/day, 95%CI = 219, 1035) and total physical activity (increase of 154.2 min/week; 3.58 times higher at follow-up (95%CI = 2.28, 5.63)). Participants were also more likely to meet the physical activity guideline (OR = 6.37, 95%CI = 3.31, 12.27) at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The machine learning based physical activity chatbot was able to significantly increase participants’ physical activity and was moderately accepted by the participants. However, the Facebook policy change undermined the chatbot functionality and indicates the need to use independent platforms for chatbot deployment to ensure successful delivery of this type of intervention.

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