scholarly journals Olfactory alterations in patients with multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
Alberto Starzewski Junior ◽  
Felipe André Basso Macedo ◽  
Gabriela Reginatto Manica ◽  
Charles Peter Tilbery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Healthy Control

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study involves 100 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 100 non-MS patients, under the age of 60 years old, with nasal obstruction, traumatic brain injury, previous rhinoplasty or neurosurgery, and so forth. Objective To assess olfactory function using the Connecticut test and verify correlations between olfactory alteration, disease duration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Methods One hundred MS patients and 100 healthy control patients responded to a questionnaire. Those with olfactory alteration underwent a facial CT to exclude other causes. Results Thirty-two percent of patients showed alterations, compared with 3% in the healthy control group. Patients having EDSS above 4, showed a 5.2-times increased risk of dysfunction. Patients over 38 years of age have a 2.2-times increased risk over younger patients. Conclusions Because MS patients are likely to experience olfactory alterations, this study is a useful tool in follow-up care, although more studies are necessary to evaluate the correlations in MS evolution.

Cognitive Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (524) ◽  
pp. 765-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Jambor
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

In previous studies the estimation of the incidence of intellectual changes in multiple sclerosis has varied from as low as 2 per cent. (Cottrell and Wilson, 1926) to as high as 72 per cent. (Ombredane, 1929). In order to establish the incidence accurately, the most satisfactory method would clearly be a long-term follow-up (covering lifetime) of a sample of multiple sclerosis patients. Any cross-sectional study would include patients in varying degrees of advancement of the disease, and patients found to be free of intellectual deficits at the time of investigation would not necessarily remain so. Also, the indirect psychometric assessment of intellectual loss is notoriously difficult, and the direct method of follow-up would give much more accurate results. The only direct study up to date has been that of Canter (1951), who found a highly significant (i.e. 13·48 points) loss on re-testing multiple sclerosis patients on the Army General Classification Test after a four-year period. Even after such a short period as six months he found slight losses on most Wechsler-Bellevue subtests, in contrast to an average gain of six full IQ points of the control group.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality of Life among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and voiding dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Nazari ◽  
Vahid Shaygannejad ◽  
Mehrdad Mohammadi Sichani ◽  
Marjan Mansourian Gharaagozlou ◽  
Valiollah Hajhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Voiding Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Symptoms ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urinary Problems

Abstract Background: Evaluating the usefulness of treatment requires a direct measurement of the health-related quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study was carried out aiming to determine the QOL of patients with MS and voiding dysfunction . Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using multi-stage random cluster sampling method on 602 patients with MS in Isfahan, Iran. All data were collected through interviews using standard questionnaires including International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The prevalence rate of mixed, irritative, and obstructive urinary symptoms was 52.2%, 25.5%, and 6.5%, respectively. The mixed symptom had the highest prevalence among men and women with rates of 56.5% and 51.1%, respectively. The prevalence of irritative and obstructive symptoms was, respectively, higher and statistically significant among women alone and men alone (P < 0.05). The prevalence of irritative symptoms was higher among patients with MS, EDSS score ≤ 3, disease duration of less than 5 years, and with clinically isolated syndrome. In addition, the prevalence of mixed symptoms was higher among patients with MS of over 30 years of age with a Pre-high school degree, severe disability, disease duration of over 10 years, and progressive MS; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a difference in the combined dimensions of physical and mental health of QOL between the two groups with and without urinary symptoms (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a higher probability of a urinary problems among patients with MS and high age [3.273 (1.083-9.860); P = 0.035]. Conclusions: Mixed urinary symptoms are highly prevalent among MS patients and affect QOL dimensions. In order to improve QOL, more attention and focus should be paid to urinary problems in MS patients. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, urinary symptoms, quality of life

scholarly journals Functional and self-care capacity of people with multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Railka de Souza Oliveira-Kumakura ◽  
Larissa Maria Bezutti ◽  
Juliany Lino Gomes Silva ◽  
Renata Cristina Gasparino
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Capacity

Objective: describe the self-care and functionality levels of patients with multiple sclerosis and determine whether sociodemographic, clinical and functional variables interfere with self-care and/or functionality. Method: correlational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach performed with individuals in outpatient follow-up. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data and applied the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale, the Barthel index, the Lawtton and Brody Scale, and the instrument to investigate the performance in Advanced Activities of Daily Living. We performed descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: most patients were classified as “having self-care” (82.14%); with moderate dependence (51.19%) for the basic activities of daily living, partial dependence for the instrumental activities of daily living (55.95%), and more active for the advanced activities of daily living (85.71%). Patients with longer disease duration had a higher number of disabilities and, in those with better socioeconomic and educational profile, the functionality was better. Conclusion: disease duration was strongly correlated with a higher number of disabilities and better socioeconomic and educational profiles showed to be protective factors for functionality. Care planning should consider the needs observed by the multidisciplinary team, stimulating the development of self-care, functionality and sociability.

P3624Prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease linked to prognosis in psoriasis patients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography: A multicentre cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Tinggaard ◽  
K F Hjuler ◽  
I T Andersen ◽  
S Winther ◽  
L Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Psoriasis (Pso) is a disease characterized by systemic inflammation and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the degree of coronary artery calcification in Pso and its relation to prognosis is largely unknown. Purpose The aim of this study was 1) to estimate the prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in this patient group and 2) to asses the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including revascularization and all-cause mortality after initial diagnosis and treatment in a large-scale cohort of patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) due to angina symptoms. Methods This study consists of two parts using data from the Western Denmark Heart Registry; a cross-sectional study included 40,125 patients and a follow-up study included 42,861 patients. Pso patients were identified by the National Patient Registry and verified by nationwide prescription and treatment code registers. Primary outcome in the cross-sectional study was a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) >0, with a secondary outcome defined as a CACS ≥400. In the follow-up study, the primary outcome was a combined outcome including myocardial infarction, revascularization, ischemic or unspecified stroke and all-cause mortality. Events within the first 90 days after CCTA were attributed to initial treatment and consequently excluded. All outcomes were adjusted for common cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities. Results In the cross-sectional study 1,407 (3.5%) Pso patients were identified. OR was 1.31 (95% CI; 1.15–1.49) for CACS >0 and 1.33 (95% CI; 1.10–1.62) for CACS ≥400 in Pso patients compared to non-Pso patients. In the follow-up study 1,591 (3.7%) Pso patients were identified. The mean duration of follow-up after CCTA was 4.0 years (min/max 0.0/10.2). Crude HR for the combined outcome was 1.52 (95% CI; 1.24–1.87), while adjusted HR was 1.16 (95% CI; 0.95–1.43). Conclusion In this clinically relevant cohort of patients referred to CCTA for CAD rule out, coronary artery calcification was more frequent and more severe in Pso patients even compared to the control patients with several risk factors and angina symptoms, but without inflammatory diseases. An increased risk of the combined outcome of MACE including revascularization and all-cause mortality after initial treatment in Pso patients was found in the crude analysis. The increased risk seemed predominantly carried by an increase in traditional risk factors.

scholarly journals Modeling of Cognitive Impairment by Disease Duration in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e71058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Achiron ◽  
Joab Chapman ◽  
David Magalashvili ◽  
Mark Dolev ◽  
Mor Lavie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Depression among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Attending ART Clinics at Aksum Town, Aksum, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhe Beyene Gebrezgiabher ◽  
Teklehaymanot Huluf Abraha ◽  
Etsay Hailu ◽  
Hailay Siyum ◽  
Getachew Mebrahtu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Depression is consistently associated with increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and poor antiretroviral treatment adherence. Though many factors have been reported as determinant factors of depression, site-specific evidence is needed to identify factors associated with depression among adults on antiretroviral treatment. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from March to May 2015 among 411 adults HIV/AIDS patients on ART clinic follow-up. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected using chart review and interviewer- administered techniques. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to compute the statistical test associations by SPSS version-20. Variables with p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. Four hundred eleven patients with a mean age ± Standard Deviation of 36.1±9.2 years and with a total response rate of 97.6% were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of depression was 14.6% (95% CI, 10.90-18.2). Factors independently associated with depression were nonadherence to ART, eating two meals per day or less, having side effect of ART medication, being in the WHO Stage II or above of HIV/AIDS, and living alone with AOR (95% CI) of 3.3 (1.436, 7.759), 2.8 (1.382, 5.794), 4.7 (1.317, 16.514), 2.8 (0.142, 0.786), and 2.4 (1.097, 5.429), respectively. Conclusion. Though the magnitude of depression was found relatively low, it was commonly observed as a mental health problem among adult patients with HIV/AIDS on ART. Programs on counseling and close follow-up of adherence to ART, drug side effects, and nutrition should be strengthened. Health facilities should link adult patients with HIV/AIDS who live alone to governmental and nongovernmental social supporter organizations.

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