scholarly journals Mary Broadfoot Walker: 83 years since a historical discovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 825-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Martinez de Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo de Almeida Guimarães Nogueira ◽  
Gleysson Rodrigues Rosa ◽  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Drastic Effect ◽  
Anticholinesterase Drug

ABSTRACT Mary Broadfoot Walker was a Scottish physician who, in 1935, described in great detail the effect of an anticholinesterase drug (physostigmine) on the signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis. An original five-minutes movie is available online and the skepticism of her contemporary British medical doctors is understandable when the drastic effect of the treatment is shown in this movie. What Mary Walker taught us, more than eight decades ago, about myasthenia gravis continues to be the basis of a pharmacological diagnostic test and treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress: a common denominator in every pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
PA De Valdoleiros
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Insight Into

As medical doctors, we are expected to be the champions of health and the slayers of disease. Essential to the success of this battle is an understanding of, and insight into, the chemistry that allows you the opportunity of reading this article. It is not sufficient to name the parts. It is imperative that we understand how the parts work, the processes that lead to malfunctions, and how these malfunctions appear as signs and symptoms to which we eventually give a label. We have concentrated on the results of biological processes gone awry. It is time to deal with the causes.

Diagnosis and Prediction of Root Caries

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Banting
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Diagnosis is the process of recognizing diseases by their characteristic clinical signs and symptoms. Diagnostic ability varies considerably between and among examiners, and, consequently, the accuracy of the diagnosis can be questioned. Root caries is a disease for which there are several clinical signs (location, color, surface texture, and surface cavitation). Unfortunately, these signs are open to broad clinical interpretation. As a result, estimates of disease occurrence (incidence rate) have ranged from 0.87 to 8.20/100 surfaces at risk/year or 0.15 to 0.43 lesions/person/year for adults living independently in the community. When multiple examiners are utilized, interexaminer agreement has been reported to be relatively good but could be further improved by minimizing the effects of several sources of examiner disagreement, including the absence of a global consensus on the signs which indicate the presence of root caries. The use of a diagnostic test can enhance the diagnosis and prediction of root caries, but the development of useful tests is hindered by the lack of an accurate clinical standard of diagnosis. At this time, diagnostic tests for root caries are quite limited and of questionable value. A powerful predictive tool for root caries would result from the combination of risk assessment measures and a valid diagnostic test developed with use of standardized and accurate methods of clinical diagnosis.

An 80-Year-Old Myasthenia Gravis Patient with Worsening Weakness

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Cohen ◽  
Justin J. Mowchun ◽  
Victoria H. Lawson ◽  
Nathaniel M. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Myasthenic Crisis ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Steroid Sparing

In myasthenia gravis, weakness and respiratory insufficiency can occur quickly. It is important for the treating physician to recognize this and institute treatment rapidly. Increasing weakness of the neck may herald impending respiratory insufficiency. The single breath count is an easy way ti assess ventilatory function. Because of bulbar weakness and increasing secretions usually bi-level positive pressure airway pressure is used with extreme caution. Intubation with effective management if the airway is preferred. Differentiation of myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis is explained; although cholinergic crisis is relatively uncommon. Treatment modalities can include intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and corticosteroids. Corticosteroids should be used with caution since they may exacerbate myasthenic symptoms. Treatment with a steroid sparing agent is discussed. A table is presented which lists signs and symptoms that can suggest the need for intubation.

Evaluation of Ocular Signs and Symptoms in Myasthenia Gravis

1959 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. SCHLEZINGER ◽  
W. A. FAIRFAX
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ocular Signs

The ocular signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. G. H. Oosterhuis
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ocular Signs

scholarly journals State-Transition Model for Malaria Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Drinold Aluda Mbete ◽  
Kennedy Nyongesa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Slide Test ◽  
Gibbs Sampling Algorithm ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Transition Model

Aims/ objectives: To develop a state-transition model for malaria symptoms. Study design: Longitudinal study.  Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology between January 2015 and December 2015.  Methodology: We included 300 students (patients) with liver malaria disease, with or without the medical history of malaria disease, physical examination for signs and symptoms for both specific and non-specific symptom, investigation of the disease through laboratory test (BS test) and diagnostic test results. the focus of this study was to develop state-transition model for malaria symptoms. Bayesian method using Markov Chain Monte Carlo via Gibbs sampling algorithm was implemented for obtaining the parameter estimates.  Results: The results of the study showed a significant association between malaria disease and observed symptoms  Conclusion: The study findings provides a useful information that can be used for predicting malaria disease in areas where Blood slide test and rapid diagnostic test for malaria disease is not possible.

scholarly journals Myasthenia gravis and coronavirus disease 2019: A report from Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Etemadifar ◽  
Mahsa Akafzadeh-Savari ◽  
Mehri Salari ◽  
Amirhossein Akhavan Sigari ◽  
Sara Ebrahimi-Pelarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly and has affected millions of people worldwide. Comorbid diseases have complicated the course of infection and increased mortality. Myasthenia gravis (MG) affects the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and can compromise respiratory muscle action, leading to worse clinical outcomes in individuals infected with the COVID-19 theoretically. In this study, the aim is to assess the pattern of COVID-19 infection in patients with MG based on several factors. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study following 150 patients with MG over a six-month period. The patients were monitored for the development of signs and symptoms of the COVID-19 infection. Results: Comparison of the patients infected with COVID-19 with MG and those not infected was performed independently based on age, duration since MG diagnosis, status of thymectomy, and current clinical status of MG disease. Data analysis did not reveal increased susceptibility or increased severity of COVID-19 illness based the criteria assessed. Conclusion: COVID-19 related deaths and susceptibility were not related to age, thymectomy status, and disease duration in patients with MG.  

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