scholarly journals Ferralsol Porosity and Density After Mechanical Scarification and Crop Rotation Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Edleusa P. Seidel ◽  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Rayssa H. da Silva ◽  
Willian dos Reis ◽  
...  

With intensive cultivation and the lack of crop rotation, the no-tillage system has been showing compacted areas. For its reduction, mechanical scarification and crop rotation has been recommended. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate in a no-tillage system the effect of mechanical scarification and crop rotation systems on soil porosity and density after 18 months. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The main plots consisted of maintaining the no-tillage system and minimal soil preparation with a chisel, carried out before the cultivation of cover plants. The subplots were composed of different plant species grown in winter: wheat, consortium of forage pea + black oat and consortium of black oat + forage turnip. Both were succeeded by cultivation of soy and lupin. Macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and bulk density were evaluated. After 18 months, the scarified soil showed a higher bulk density (0.10-0.15 m layer) when compared to the no-tillage system, demonstrating that this isolated decompression alternative does not improve the physical properties of the soil. The area in succession to oat + turnip/soybean/lupin showed lower bulk density.

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda De Fátima da Silva ◽  
Onã Da Silva Freddi ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Ricardo Garcia Aratani ◽  
Fabrícia Flávia Andrioli ◽  
...  

PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO CULTIVADO NO SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO  Fernanda de Fátima da Silva; Onã da Silva Freddi; José Frederico Centurion; Ricardo Garcia Aratani; Fabricia Flavia Andrioli; Itamar Andrioli  Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterináiras, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, [email protected]  1 RESUMO A pressão exercida pelo tráfego de máquinas necessário ao cultivo das culturas pode levar à compactação do solo com o tempo de uso do sistema plantio direto. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de adoção do sistema plantio direto em algumas propriedades físicas, índice S, e matéria orgânica (MO) de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura argilosa localizado em Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas (quatro sistemas de uso e três camadas do solo avaliadas). Os quatros sistemas de uso foram: sistema plantio direto por 2 anos (PD2), plantio direto por 4 anos (PD4), plantio direto por 6 anos (PD6) e uma área de mata nativa (MN). As camadas do solo avaliadas foram: 0-0, 10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m, nas quais foram determinadas a porosidade do solo, o diâmetro médio ponderado, a densidade do solo, índice S, condutividade hidráulica e o teor de matéria orgânica. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, quando esta indicou diferença entre médias, utilizou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para compará-las. A mata nativa apresentou o maior teor de matéria orgânica, macroporosidade, condutividade e Índice S; já entre os sistemas de plantio direto não houve diferença entre os parâmetros analisados no experimento, demonstrando que o tempo de seis anos de adoção do sistema não foi suficiente para alterar a qualidade física do solo.UNITERMOS: densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, índice S, condutividade hidráulica, agregados do solo  SILVA, F. F.; FREDDI, O. S.; CENTURION, J. F.; ARATANI, R. G.; ANDRIOLI, F. F.; ANDRIOLI, I. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AN OXISOL UNDER NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM  2 ABSTRACT             The pressure caused by agricultural machinery traffic many result in soil compactation in no-tillage system. The aim of this work was to evaluate no-tillage system onset time on some physical properties, index S and organic matter (OM) of an oxysol located in Jaboticabal,Sao Paulo State,Brazil. The experiment had completely randomized split-splot design .The treatments consisted of four no-tillage systems: no-tillage for 2 years, no-tillage for 4 years, no-tillage for 6 years and one natural wooded area. The evaluated layers were: 0-0.10m, 0.10-0.20m and 0.20-030m. The following were determined: soil porosity, soil aggregates, bulk density, index S and organic matter. The results were submitted to variance analysis and when there was a difference between averages, Tukey’s test was used to compare them. The natural wooded area showed higher organic matter, macroporosity, hydraulic conductivity and Index S. There was no difference between the studied parameters showing that the no-tillage system for six years was not enough to change the soil physical property. KEY WORDS: bulk density, soil porosity, index S, hydraulic conductivity, soil aggregates.


Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Sandro Roberto Brancalião ◽  
Maria Helena Moraes ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos

ALTERAÇÕES DE PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO PELA SUCESSÃO MILHETO – SOJA NA FASE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA  Sandro Roberto Brancalião1; Maria Helena Moraes2; Leandro Borges Lemos31Centro de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, [email protected]  2Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP.3Departamento de Produção  Vegetal – Agricultura,  Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da cultura do milheto, em três épocas de semeadura e sob cinco manejos da fitomassa, na produtividade da soja e nas propriedades físicas de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (densidade, porosidade total, diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados e grau de floculação do solo). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A época foi representada por parcelas de semeadura da cultura do milheto (E1, E2, E3) e o manejo, como subparcelas, por manejos de ceifa da fitomassa, a saber: M1- a cada florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M2 – a cada florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; M3-no único florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M4 – no único florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; e M5 – livre crescimento. Foram coletadas amostras de solo para realização das análises físicas e químicas, estratificadas em 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade. Avaliou-se, também, a produção de massa de matéria seca pelo milheto e a produtividade da soja. A E2 apresentou melhor qualidade física do solo. A E3 resultou em menores valores de grau de floculação e de diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados. A E3 apresentou menor produção de fitomassa do milheto.   UNITERMOS: manejo do solo, propriedades físicas, planta de cobertura, semeadura direta, Glycine max. (L.) Merrill, Pennisetum glaucum.  BRANCALIÃO, S.R.; MORAES, M.H.; LEMOS, L.B.CHANGES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A “NITOSSOLO VERMELHO” BY MILLET – SOYBEAN SUCCESSION AT IMPLANTATION PHASE IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM   2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a millet-soybean rotation, during the implantation phase of no-tillage system on the physical properties of a “Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico” and the dry mass production of millet and the productivity of soybean. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks, in a split splot arrangement, with four replications. The parcels was constituted by three sowings (E1, E2and E3) and the subparcels was constituted by harvests, where each harvest handling was: M1 – harvest each blooming and covering withdrawal; M2 - harvest each blooming and covering permanency; M3 – only in the first harvest on blooming and covering withdrawal; M4 - only in the first harvest on blooming and covering permanency, and M5– free growing, with no harvest. Samples were collected from three soil layers: 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 and 0,10-0,20 m. The E2 showed smaller values of soil density and larger values of total porosity. The E3 resulted in smaller values of flocculation degree and mean weight diameter of the aggregates. The E3showed smaller production of dry mass. KEYWORDS: soil management, physical properties, cover crop, no-tillage, soybean, Pennisetum glaucum. 


Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane Martins da Costa ◽  
Marta Sandra Drescher

ABSTRACT The intensive use of land based on non-conservation practices contributes to the reduction of soil quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of farming systems on clayey Oxisol in the northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul on the epigeic fauna and on the soil physical properties. The treatments were composed of land use with Native field, Pasture, Transition, Crop and livestock integration, No-tillage and No-tillage system. The epigeic fauna was evaluated by the installation of seven traps per treatment. The physical properties of density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated in samples with undisturbed structure at the 0- 0.07, 0.07-0.15 and 0.15- 0.22m depths, with four replicates. The results indicated that land use only for crop production reduced the abundance of organisms in comparison to the crop-livestock integration. The conversion of the Pampa Biome to the crop system altered its soil physical and biological properties with the transition area presenting intermediate characteristics to both environments. Grazing in the remaining areas of the Pampa Biome, without native field improvement strategies, reduced species abundance and richness. No-tillage and No-tillage system promoted the compaction of the 0.07 -0.15 m layer in a clayey Oxisol.


2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Rech ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽  
Alvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Diego Bortolini

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the superficial and injected applications of swine slurry and urea to the soil, regarding their effects on the physical properties of a Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico under a no-tillage system. The treatments were: injected slurry into the groove with a liquid swine slurry injector (LSSI); slurry on surface, applied on the lines by the LSSI kept raised; urea injected by opening the groove with the LSSI and distributed manually; and corn, under no-tillage, as a control. Sowing and the injection of liquid slurry or urea do not modify the organic carbon content, pH, and aggregation, but alter the soil bulk density and porosity in the mobilized line, and increase the macropores.


Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Renato Guardini ◽  
Djalma Eugênio Schmitt ◽  
...  

Applications of swine residues to the soil surface in a no-tillage system (NTS) may increase the organic carbon level and improve the physical properties of the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuous application of pig slurry (PS) and pig litter (PL) on the total organic carbon (TOC) content and physical properties of soil under NTS in Southern Brazil. In March 2010, after 8 years of cultivation of black oats (Avena strigosa)–maize (Zea mays), soil samples were collected in the 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm layers. The treatments consisted of a control plot (without manure application), plots with PS applications equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of nitrogen (N) for maize and black oats (PS1X and PS2X, respectively), and plots with PL equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of N for maize and black oats (PL1X and PL2X, respectively). The TOC, soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), total porosity (TP), macro- and microporosity, distribution of pore diameters, and indices of aggregation and aggregate stability were evaluated. Differences were found between treatments for TOC, BD, macro- and microporosity, pore diameter, aggregation, and PR. Treatment with PL favoured the production of aggregates (diameter >4 mm) and increased the rates of aggregation and aggregate stability in the 10–15 and 15–20 cm layers and macroporosity in the 0–5 and 15–20 cm layers. Application of PL2X reduced PR by 34% and 20%, respectively, in the 5–10 and 10–15 cm layers. Eight years of adding PS to successive cultivations of black oats–maize soil managed under NTS produced no changes in the physical features or the TOC of the soil, whereas the application of PL produced improvements in physical attributes of the soil and increased soil TOC.


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Medina Rosa ◽  
Lúcia Helena Pereira Nóbrega ◽  
Márcia Maria Mauli ◽  
Gislaine Piccolo de Lima ◽  
Ariane Spiassi ◽  
...  

Crop rotation has been a daily management to ensure viability of no-tillage system; however, it is few accepted and practiced by farmers. Thus, this study aims to establish a crop rotation scheme in soil quality. Consequently, cover crops of dwarf mucuna, pigeon pea dwarf, sun hemp and maize were cropped in 2010 under no-tillage system. Soil properties were determined prior their beginning, after the management of cover crops and maize harvest. Results were submitted to ANOVA and averages were compared. The macroporosity and total porosity answered to the adopted management with some variation. So, cover crops need much time to express their potential, mainly related to the physical characteristics of the studied soil. Chemical properties are susceptible to this management since higher changes were observed after management with cover crops. This crop rotation in a long term may allow the maintenance of soil quality because it avoids losses of nutrients and carbon.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
...  

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil cover species and management systems in improving the physical characteristics of a Haplortox and its effects on grain yield and soybean oil content. The experimental area, consisted of 15 treatments in a completely randomized experimental design. Each plot had size of 20 × 25 m. The treatments consisted of: traditional no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with application of gypsum, no-tillage with scarification and 12 treatments with cover species called soil structure reclaimers. Soil samples were collected in the layers of 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m, with four replicates. The physical attributes evaluated were bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the periods of 2014, 2015 and 2016. In the soybean crop the grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains, average height of plants and number of plants/m were evaluated in each treatment with four replications. The oil content was performed by the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance method. The averages of the treatments were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The results showed that five months after soil scarification did not affect bulk density. Eleven months after gypsum application discrete improvements in density, total porosity, microporosity and soil hydraulic conductivity occurred in the 0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers. It was also concluded that grain yield, oil content, weight of 100 grains and number of plants per meter were not influenced by the soil cover species and soil management systems.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.


Author(s):  
Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira ◽  
Cássio Antonio Tormena ◽  
Wagner Henrique Moreira ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Edner Betioli Junior ◽  
...  

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