scholarly journals PRUNING TIME IN TWO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THE GUAVA TREE BACTERIAL BLIGHT CONTROL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
CELSO KATSUHIRO TOMITA ◽  
CARLOS HIDEMI UESUGI ◽  
LUIZ EDUARDO BASSAY BLUM ◽  
MARISA ALVARES DA SILVA VELLOSO FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Chemical Fertilization

ABSTRACT In this work, two cultural production systems were compared [conventional (CO) and organic (OR)], and its effects in the guava trees (Psidium guajava) bacterial blight (Erwinia psidii) control. The experimental design was in radomized blocks, in split-split-plot arrangement, where it was measured the bacterial disease and the fruits production on the 2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08 harvests. Four pruning seasons effects were evaluated on the harvests (September, December, March and June) in both production systems. Such systems were constituted of: OR – treatment with bioactive compound (BC), liquid BC and dead coverage, and; CO – chemical fertilization, fungicide and herbicide. In 2007/08, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all the treatments in the OR system was lower (~54-107) than the CO one(~233-298). In the 2007/08 harvest the number of fruits for each plant for all the OR treatments was higher (~146-204) than the CO ones (~57-103). In all the harvests, considering all the treatments within each system, there was a significantly lower AUDPC (~93-184) and higher fruits production (~158-188) in the OR one than the CO one (AUDPC: ~208-476; fruits ~18-104). The pruning induced a higher AUDPC and lower fruits production in both production sytems.

scholarly journals Management of the Common Bacterial Blight of the Bean by Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporidiobolus johnsonii

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Jeferson C. Carvalho ◽  
Odair J. Kuhn ◽  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Roosevelt M. F. Silva ◽  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sporidiobolus Johnsonii

Bean common bacterial blight reduces crop productivity and is difficult to control. However, biological control by yeast can be an efficient complementary measure in management. The objective was to evaluate the ability of Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporidiobolus johnsonii to reduce the severity of bean common bacterial blight. The cultivar used was IAPAR Tuiuiú. The first experiment was sown in March and repeated in October, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme (zero, one, two and three applications and three treatments R. glutinis, S. johnsonii and Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM)). For this purpose were evaluated the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD), number of pods per plant (NVP), number of grains per pod (NGV), thousand grain mass (MMG) and productivity. For the results of the March cultivation, due to the low temperature, the maximum severity of bean common bacterial blight was 8% and the applications of yeasts were not significant for AACPD. The isolate R. glutinis showed the highest average of productivity with two applications, being 1006.44 kg ha-1. For October cultivation, R. glutinis and S. johnsonii isolates reduced AACPD by 66.84 and 58.42%, respectively with three applications. For productivity, R. glutinis and S. johnsonii showed no difference between the number of applications. The ASM showed a productivity of 4418.56 kg ha-1 with three applications. The results indicate that the yeasts R. glutinis and S. johnsonii reduce the severity of bean common bacterial blight and the most appropriate number of applications are two for both isolates.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF GUAVA MINI-GRAFTED ON INTRA OR INTERSPECIFIC ROOTSTOCK

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAZIELLA SIQUEIRA CAMPOS ◽  
CLÁUDIA SALES MARINHO ◽  
CAMILLA RANGEL PORTELLA ◽  
BRUNO DIAS AMARAL ◽  
WALESKA SOARES GOMES DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Grafting Technique ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Increase Efficiency

ABSTRACT Mini-grafting is a type of grafting that has been indicated to increase efficiency of forest and fruit species propagation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mini-grafting technique as a method for propagation of guava grafted on intra or interspecific rootstock. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four treatments, five replications and plots consisting of ten plants, in a 22 factorial arrangement, and factors consisted of rootstocks and canopy cultivars. Rootstocks used were Psidium guajava and Psidium guineense. The canopy used was Paluma and Cortibel 1 cultivars. Only thecanopy used had an effect on the percentage of grafting success of 52, 54, 82 and 84%, respectively, for ‘Cortibel 1’/P. guineense; ‘Cortibel 1’/P. guajava; ‘Paluma’/P. guineense; ‘Paluma’/P. guajava combinations. Mini-grafting was effective for guava propagation on intra or interspecific rootstocks. The average production time for ‘Paluma’ and ‘Cortibel 1’ saplings grafted on P. guajava or P. guineense, for mini-grafting, was 351 days, so that ‘Paluma’ seedlings were more vigorous than those of ‘Cortibel 1’.

scholarly journals Management of Daylily Rust With Different Fungicides and Fungicide Combinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Emmitt ◽  
James W. Buck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Pressure

Production nurseries and daylily hybridizers in the southeast United States rely on the use of fungicides to manage daylily rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia hemerocallidis. Foliar sprays of pyraclostrobin, flutolanil, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, pyraclostrobin + boscalid, flutolanil + tebuconazole, flutolanil + myclobutanil, flutolanil + chlorothalonil, and flutolanil + mancozeb applied on 14-day intervals, and a nontreated control, were evaluated under high disease pressure at three locations in Griffin, GA, in 2015. Tebuconazole or the tebuconazole + flutolanil treatment consistently had the lowest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of the treatments. The addition of flutolanil to chlorothalonil or mancozeb did not improve rust control and no difference in disease severity was observed in any treatment containing contact fungicides on all assessment dates. Single application costs ranged from $10.21 to $95.96 with tebuconazole providing excellent disease management at a relatively low cost per application ($13.90).

scholarly journals Identification of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice landraces from Yunnan Province, China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caimei Zhao ◽  
Fuyou Yin ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Dingqin Li ◽  
Suqin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Rice Improvement

AbstractBacterial blight (BB), a serious bacterial disease caused by pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) affects rice growth and yield. Yunnan Province is regarded as a center of rice diversity in China and indeed the world, and has abundant rice landrace resources, which may offer prospective candidate donors in rice improvement and breeding. In this study, a set of 200 rice landraces were evaluated to determine their resistance to 10 pathogenic Xoo strains resistance by the leaf-clipping method. The results indicated that the tested rice landraces had different resistance levels against different Xoo strains. Multiple comparisons showed that the Xoo strain PXO99 was virulent to the tested rice landraces. Sixty-six rice landraces conferred resistance against at least one Xoo strain. These resistant rice landraces screened were then performed the presence of 14 cloned BB resistance genes by closely linked molecular markers and designed specific primers. The results showed that none of these resistant accessions contained xa13, Xa21, Xa27, and Xa45(t) homologous fragments, while 9, 24, 4, 7, 9, 15, 1, 5, 4 and 27 accessions contained Xa1, Xa2/Xa31(t), Xa14, Xa3/Xa26, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa10, Xa23 and xa25 homologous fragments, respectively. Sequence analysis further revealed that nucleotide variations around functional nucleotide polymorphisms region were observed within these accessions containing the Xa1, Xa2/Xa31(t), Xa14, Xa3/Xa26, Xa4, xa5, Xa10, Xa23 and xa25 homologous fragments. These results along with phenotypic resistance spectrum supported that these accessions carried nine resistance homologous genes. Only one accession (Qishanggu_Wenshan) carried the Xa7 resistance gene. We also found that some resistant rice landraces, especially Xilandigu_Baoshan, and Laoyaling_Lincang without the above resistance genes, which mediated broad spectrum resistance to multiple Xoo strains, were identified as potential sources for breeding rice lines resistance to BB.

scholarly journals Banana Moko disease management with resistance inducers and chlorine dioxide

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez G. ◽  
Melissa Muñoz A. ◽  
Luis Fernando Patiño H. ◽  
Juan Gonzalo Morales O.
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Potassium Phosphite ◽  
Resistance Inducers

The plant disease Moko, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important bacterial disease in banana and plantain crops worldwide. In the present study, chlorine dioxide and seven resistance inducers in banana plants (Musa sp.) infected with this bacterium were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. For the evaluation of chlorine dioxide, three doses were used (10, 30 and 50 mg L-1). The evaluation of the resistance inducers included the following: sodium salicylate 0.4 g L-1; hydrogen peroxide 1 mM; potassium phosphite 1.5 mL L-1; 3-aminobutanoic acid 1.0 g L-1; methyl jasmonate 0.2 g L-1; acibenzolar-s-methyl 0.3 mL L-1 and chitosan 3.0 mg mL-1. The results showed a significant reduction of 74% in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value, which was calculated for the disease development when the injected chlorine dioxide dose was 50 mg L-1. The AUDPC value for the resistance inducers was reduced by 45.4% for chitosan, 75.5% for methyl jasmonate and 65.5% for 3-aminobutanoic acid. Therefore, the results indicated that these molecules have the potential to be used for control of the Moko disease.

scholarly journals Molecular-marker-based Genetic Analysis of Tepary Bean-derived Common Bacterial Blight Resistance in Different Developmental Stages of Common Bean

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geunhwa Jung ◽  
Paul W. Skroch ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
E. Arnaud-Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used to construct a partial genetic linkage map in a recombinant inbred population derived from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cross PC-50 × XAN-159 for studying the genetics of bacterial disease resistance in common bean. The linkage map spanned 426 cM and included 168 RAPD markers and 2 classical markers with 11 unassigned markers. The seventy recombinant inbred lines were evaluated for resistance to two strains of common bacterial blight [Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye] (Xcp). Common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance was evaluated for Xcp strain EK-11 in later-developed trifoliolate leaves and for Xcp strains, DR-7 and EK-11, in first trifoliolate leaves, seeds, and pods. One to four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) accounted for 18% to 53% of the phenotypic variation for traits. Most significant effects for CBB resistance were associated with one chromosomal region on linkage group 5 and with two regions on linkage group 1, of the partial linkage map. The chromosomal region (a 13-cM interval) in linkage group 5 was significantly associated with resistance to Xcp strains DR-7 and EK-11 in leaves, pods, and seeds. The regions in linkage group 1 were also significantly associated with resistance to both Xcp strains in more than one plant organ. In addition, a seedcoat pattern gene (C) and a flower color gene (vlae) were mapped in linkage groups 1 and 5, respectively, of the partial linkage map. The V locus was found to be linked to a QTL with a major effect on CBB resistance.

scholarly journals Sclerotinia Blight Resistance in Virginia-Type Peanut Transformed with a Barley Oxalate Oxidase Gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Partridge-Telenko ◽  
J. Hu ◽  
D. M. Livingstone ◽  
B. B. Shew ◽  
P. M. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalate Oxidase ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Transgenic Peanut

Transgenic peanut lines expressing oxalate oxidase, a novel enzyme to peanut, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia blight in naturally infested fields over a 5-year period. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for transgenic lines in single rows planted with seed from single-plant selections averaged 78, 83, and 90% lower than nontransgenic parents in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. In addition, AUDPC in 14 transgenic lines planted with bulked seed in two-row plots averaged 81% lower compared with nontransgenic parents in 2005 and 86% lower in 16 transgenic lines in 2006. Six transgenic lines yielded 488 to 1,260 kg/ha greater than nontransgenic parents in 2005, and 10 lines yielded 537 to 2,490 kg/ha greater in 2006. Fluazinam (0.58 kg a.i./ha) fungicide sprays in 2008 and 2009 reduced AUDPC in transgenic and nontransgenic lines but AUDPC was lowest in transgenic lines. Without fluazinam, yields of transgenic lines averaged 1,133 to 1,578 kg/ha greater than nontransgenic lines in 2008 and 1,670 to 2,755 kg/ha greater in 2009. These results demonstrated that the insertion of barley oxalate oxidase in peanut conveyed a high level of resistance to Sclerotinia blight, and negated the need for costly fungicide sprays.

scholarly journals Temporal progress of southern rust in maize under different environmental conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia V. Godoy ◽  
Lílian Amorim ◽  
Armando Bergamin Filho ◽  
Herbert P. Silva ◽  
Willian J. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Disease Progress Curve ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
The Mean

The progress of the severity of southern rust in maize (Zea mays) caused by Puccinia polysora was quantified in staggered plantings in different geographical areas in Brazil, from October to May, over two years (1995-1996 and 1996-1997). The logistic model, fitted to the data, better described the disease progress curves than the Gompertz model. Four components of the disease progress curves (maximum disease severity; area under the disease progress curve, AUDPC; area under the disease progress curve around the inflection point, AUDPCi; and epidemic rate) were used to compare the epidemics in different areas and at different times of planting. The AUDPC, AUDPCi, and the epidemic rate were analyzed in relation to the weather (temperature, relative humidity, hours of relative humidity >90%, and rainfall) and recorded during the trials. Disease severity reached levels greater than 30% in Piracicaba and Guaíra in the plantings between December and January. Lower values of AUDPC occurred in later plantings at both locations. The epidemic rate was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the mean daily temperatures and negatively correlated with hours of relative humidity >90%. The AUDPC was not correlated with any weather variable. The AUDPCi was negatively related to both variables connected to humidity, but not to rain. Long periods (mostly >13 h day-1) of relative humidity >90% (that corresponded to leaf wetness) occurred in Castro. Severity of southern rust in maize has always been low in Castro, thus the negative correlations between disease and the two humidity variables.

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