scholarly journals Surgical care in the public health agenda

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Scheffer ◽  
Saurabh Saluja ◽  
Nivaldo Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Global Indicators

The current article examines surgical care as a public health issue and a challenge for health systems organization. When surgery fails to take place in timely fashion, treatable clinical conditions can evolve to disability and death. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery defined indicators for monitoring sustainable universal access to surgical care. Applied to Brazil, the global indicators are satisfactory, but the supply of surgeries in the country is marked by regional and socioeconomic inequalities, as well as between the public and private healthcare sectors.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Antibiotic Use and Resistance: Are Antibiotics the Dentists’ Anxiolytics?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Julie Dormoy ◽  
Marc-Olivier Vuillemin ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
Jean-Marc Boivin ◽  
Julie Guillet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. The aim of this study was to explore dentists’ perceptions of antibiotic resistance. Methods: A qualitative method was used. Seventeen dentists practising in the Nancy (Lorraine, France) region were surveyed. They were general practitioners or specialised in oral surgery, implantology, or periodontology. The practitioners took part in semi-structured interviews between September 2019 and July 2020. All of the interviews were transcribed in full and analysed thematically. Results: Four major themes have been selected: attitudes of the dentists in regard to the guidelines, clinical factors that influence prescriptions, non-clinical factors that influence prescriptions, and the perception of antibiotic resistance. The dentists stated that they were very concerned regarding the public health issue of antibiotic resistance. However, they often prescribe according to their own interests and habits rather than according to the relevant guidelines. Conclusions: Although dentists are generally well aware of antibiotic resistance, they often do not adequately appreciate the link between their prescribing habits and the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Regular updating of practitioners’ knowledge in this regard is necessary, but patients and the general public should also be made more aware of the issue.

scholarly journals Rethinking Foster Care: Why Our Current Approach to Child Welfare Has Failed

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Vivek Sankaran ◽  
Christopher Church
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Over the past decade, the child welfare system has expanded, with vast public and private resources being spent on the system. Despite this investment, there is scant evidence suggesting a meaningful return on investment. This Article argues that without a change in the values held by the system, increased funding will not address the public health problems of child abuse and neglect.

Public Engagement and Policy Entrepreneurship on Social Media in the Time of Anti-Vaccination Movements

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Melodie Yunju Song
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Coverage Rates

North America has experienced a resurgence of measles outbreak due to unprecedentedly low Mumps-Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage rates facilitated by the anti-vaccination movement. The objective of this chapter is to explore the new online public space and public discourse using Web 2.0 in the public health arena to answer the question, ‘What is driving public acceptance of or hesitancy towards the MMR vaccine?' More specifically, typologies of online public engagement will be examined using MMR vaccine hesitancy as a case study to illustrate the different approaches used by pro- and anti-vaccine groups to inform, consult with, and engage the public on a public health issue that has been the subject of long-standing public debate and confusion. This chapter provides an overview of the cyclical discourse of anti-vaccination movements. The authors hypothesize that anti-vaccination, vaccine hesitant, and pro-vaccination representations on the online public sphere are reflective of competing values (e.g., modernism, post-modernism) in contemporary society.

Measuring Health in Jails: Limitations and Opportunities in Measurement of Health-Related Constructs

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Christine L. Arazan ◽  
Brianna A. Barrios ◽  
Meredith S. Brown ◽  
Natalia O. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Current Article

Limited research exists concerning measurement issues of health-related constructs among those incarcerated in American jails. This gap in the literature impedes research on health outcomes and health care access among jailed populations and may render the public health concerns of jailed populations hidden from societal view. The current article examines a research team's experience in conducting a related study (see Trotter et al. 2018) by highlighting the methodological limitations and opportunities faced during the study and provides suggestions for future research. The manuscript provides future researchers with a foundation for implementing health-focused studies within a jail, with special attention paid to the obstacles the research team overcame.

scholarly journals Surgery in Brazilian Health Care: funding and physician distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIVALDO ALONSO ◽  
BENJAMIN B. MASSENBURG ◽  
RAFAEL GALLI ◽  
LUCAS SOBRADO ◽  
DARIO BIROLINI
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
National Database ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze demographic Brazilian medical data from the national public healthcare system (SUS), which provides free universal health coverage for the entire population, and discuss the problems revealed, with particular focus on surgical care. Methods: data was obtained from public healthcare databases including the Medical Demography, the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and the National Database of Healthcare Establishments. Density and distribution of the medical workforce and healthcare facilities were calculated, and the geographic regions were analyzed using the public private inequality index. Results: Brazil has an average of two physicians for every 1,000 inhabitants, who are unequally distributed throughout the country. There are 22,276 board certified general surgeons in Brazil (11.49 for every 100,000 people). The country currently has 257 medical schools, with 25,159 vacancies for medical students each year, with only around 13,500 vacancies for residency. The public private inequality index is 3.90 for the country, and ranges from 1.63 in the Rio de Janeiro up to 12.06 in Bahia. Conclusions: A significant part of the local population still faces many difficulties in accessing surgical care, particularly in the north and northeast of the country, where there are fewer hospitals and surgeons. Physicians and surgeons are particularly scarce in the public health system nationwide, and better incentives are needed to ensure an equal public and private workforce.

scholarly journals Acute Kidney Injury in Poor Countries Should No Longer Be a Death Sentence: The ISN ‘0 by 25' Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Perico ◽  
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Death Sentence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Timely Fashion

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disorder throughout the world that is associated with severe morbidity, mortality and cost. Although deaths due to AKI occur in both high- and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the majority of avoidable deaths occur in LMIC nations. If managed adequately and in a timely fashion, the majority of these cases of AKI are preventable, treatable and often reversible with simple measures. AKI also has a major economic impact on healthcare expenditure. This is particularly true in poor countries where AKI especially impacts young productive people, imposing severe penury on their families. The International Society of Nephrology (ISN) has launched a long-term program, the ‘0 by 25' project, which advocates that zero people should die of untreated AKI in the poorest part of Africa, Asia and Latin America by 2025. The mission is to eventually lessen the high burden in terms of deaths consequent to this disorder in resource-poor regions worldwide. This is a challenging but potentially feasible and productive initiative that requires a broad vision about how the public and private sectors can work in partnership with the governments of the LMIC countries and leading nongovernmental organizations operating locally, to ensure sustainability of the 0 by 25 program and save many lives.

Public Support for Drunk-Driving Countermeasures: Social Policy for Saving Lives

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon K. Applegate ◽  
Francis T. Cullen ◽  
Shannon M. Barton ◽  
Pamela J. Richards ◽  
Lonn Lanza-Kaduce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
The Public

In recent years, calls have gone out for increased certainty and severity of criminal punishment as a means to reduce or control drunk driving. A number of scholars, however, have suggested that alternative policies, which address drunk driving as a public health issue rooted in social institutions, would be more effective in reducing the prevalence of and damage done by drinking drivers. The question remains as to what approaches the public will support. Based on a community survey, this study found that the public endorsed reducing drunk driving through legal deterrence and rehabilitation, but that citizens also were willing to support several socially based interventions.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in the Food Supply: A Public Health Issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Kuenstner ◽  
John Todd Kuenstner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Federal Authority ◽  
The Us ◽  
Standards And Regulations

This article examines the policy implications of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) as a zoonotic pathogen and the public health risks posed by the presence of MAP in food, particularly milk products. Viable MAP has been cultured from commercially pasteurized milk in the US. Dairy pasteurization standards and regulations are examined in light of this finding. On the basis of the precautionary principle, the authors suggest options to reduce exposure to MAP, including (1) increased federal authority to regulate pasteurization of all dairy products, (2) modification of pasteurization standards in order to more effectively kill MAP, (3) removal of the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO) provision that allows states to override federal policy in intrastate dairy sales, and (4) creation of a mandatory Johne's Disease Control Program. These measures would reduce human exposure to MAP and may reduce the risk of diseases associated with MAP.

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