scholarly journals Social and environmental factors in the diversity of tomato landraces from the South-Central region of Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez ◽  
Aurelio Hernández-Bautista ◽  
Porfirio Ramírez-Vallejo ◽  
Fernando Castillo-Gónzalez ◽  
Mario Rocandio-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The South ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
South Central ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Group

ABSTRACT: In the present study, we investigated the influence of social and environmental factors in the genetic diversity of tomato landraces in the South-Central region of Mexico. A total of 30 tomato landraces, collected in 18 villages with different ethnolinguistic affiliations, were analyzed. We reported that the genetic diversity of tomato landraces is associated with the ethnolinguistic group, weather, and soil-type present in the region studied. Our results showed that there are morphological differences between landraces grown by different ethnolinguistic groups; however, there was also evidence of morphological similarities between landraces from groups with different ethnolinguistic affiliations. Finally, different selection criteria, mainly fruit color, size and shape, plays an important role in the phenotypic divergence among landraces grown in different traditional farming systems.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1677-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ◽  
Cimélio Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
The South ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
N Source ◽  
No Till

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization can reduce the efficiency of urea applied to the surface of no-till (NT) soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of NH3 losses from surface-applied urea and to determine if this loss justifies the urea incorporation in soil or its substitution for other N sources under the subtropical climatic conditions of South-Central region of Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment, performed over four harvesting seasons in a clayey Hapludox followed a randomized block design with four replicates. A single dose of N (150 kg ha-1) to V5 growth stage of corn cultivated under NT system was applied and seven treatments were evaluated, including surface-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea with urease inhibitor, controlled-release N source, a liquid N source, incorporated urea, and a control treatment with no N application. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated for 20 days after N application using a semi-open static system. The average cumulative NH3 loss due to the superficial application of urea was low (12.5 % of the applied N) compared to the losses observed in warmer regions of Southeastern Brazil (greater than 50 %). The greatest NH3 losses were observed in dry years (up to 25.4 % of the applied N), and losses decreased exponentially as the amount of rainfall after N application increased. Incorporated urea and alternative N sources, with the exception of controlled-release N source, decreased NH3 volatilization in comparison with surface-applied urea. Urea incorporation is advantageous for the reduction of NH3 volatilization; however, other aspects as its low operating efficiency should be considered before this practice is adopted. In the South-Central region of Paraná, the low NH3 losses from the surface-applied urea in NT system due to wet springs and mild temperatures do not justify its replacement for other N sources.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of No-Tillage Winter Cereals in the South-Central Region of Paraná, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ◽  
Fernando Viero ◽  
Renato Paulo de Moraes ◽  
Cimélio Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The South ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
South Central

scholarly journals Anurans of the Parque Estadual do Mirador, a remnant of Cerrado in the state of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etielle Barroso de Andrade ◽  
Luiz Norberto Weber ◽  
José Roberto de Souza Almeida Leite
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
The South ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
South Central

Abstract The Cerrado is one of the most threatened biomes in Brazil. It is estimated that much of its original vegetation has been replaced by some type of human use. This is quite worrying, mainly in the northern part where the number of wildlife inventories is insufficient and creates the false impression of low diversity in the region. The Parque Estadual do Mirador-PEM, located in the south-central region of the state of Maranhão, presents vegetation typical of the Cerrado biome and corresponds to one of 46 priority areas for conservation in the state. Herein, we describe the species richness and composition of the anurofauna from the PEM and analyze the influence of different types of vegetation in its formation. Our inventory was conducted from December 2013 to February 2015, using the active search and auditory census methods on breeding sites in different water bodies of the park. We recorded 31 anuran species belonging to five families (species number in parentheses): Leptodactylidae (14), Hylidae (12), Bufonidae (3), Microhylidae (1) and Phyllomedusidae (1). The rarefaction curve and species richness estimators indicated that the sampling effort was enough to record most of the species in the region. The richness of anurans in the PEM was higher than reported by other authors for several areas of Cerrado. Most species have a wide distribution in Brazil or are strongly associated with the Caatinga or Amazon biomes. Only about 19% are endemic to the Cerrado biome. This study is the first to inventory the anurans species of the south-central region of state of Maranhão and provides important data on amphibian communities from the northern part of the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos na Região Centro Sul Cearense / Management of Solid Waste in the South Central Region of Ceará

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (55) ◽  
pp. 372-394
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Alves da Silva ◽  
Julia Elisabete Barden ◽  
Ann Kariny Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Central Region ◽  
The South ◽  
South Central

O presente estudo buscou realizar um diagnóstico sobre a gestão de resíduos sólidos na Região Centro Sul do Ceará. Localizado na região Nordeste brasileiro, sendo que esta região se caracteriza por uma densidade demográfica menor que as regiões Sul e Sudeste, o que tornam os municípios populacionalmente pequenos, mas geograficamente grandes. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em metade dos dezesseis municípios zoneados no Plano Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos do Ceará para a região, neste caso Acopiara, Cariús, Catarina, Iguatu, Jucás, Orós, Quixelô e Tarrafas. Buscando obter uma compreensão quali-quantitativa dos dados, utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória através de visitas aos municípios oito municípios. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com a aplicação de questionários junto aos gestores municipais, aos comerciantes de materiais recicláveis e aos catadores de materiais recicláveis. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo indicaram que dos oito municípios analisados, apenas três realizam a destinação final dos resíduos sólidos de forma adequada. Desta forma aproximadamente 62% dos municípios estudados estão em desacordo com o Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Foi percebido nos municípios que estão mais próximos de lograr êxito na gestão correta dos resíduos, houve a realização de parcerias com associações de catadores para a implantação de coleta seletiva municipal onde esta associação estava formalizada. Foi verificado ainda que os municípios que destinam os resíduos em aterro sanitário, encontra dificuldades de logística para não acumular materiais nas áreas de transbordo.

The Gettysburg Campaign

2021 ◽  
pp. 390-404
Author(s):  
Carol Reardon
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Central Region ◽  
The South ◽  
South Central ◽  
Army Of Northern Virginia ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
General Order

When Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia marched into Pennsylvania in June 1863, five counties in the south-central region of the Keystone State became the first significant area of free soil to experience the destruction that accompanied the passage of rival armies. Despite Lee’s General Order No. 72 that prohibited unauthorized confiscation of civilian property, residents of the Chambersburg area experienced nearly a week of depredations and saw local freeborn African Americans rounded up and sent south into slavery. The major battle around Gettysburg on July 1–3 inflicted massive destruction on the landscape and residents’ livelihoods, in some cases forcing the sale of damaged properties that became the foundation of today’s National Military Park.

Leaf anatomy of the South African Danthonieae (Poaceae). III. Merxmuellera stricta

Bothalia ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South African ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Morphological Differences

The anatomical structure, of the leaf blade as seen in transverse section, and of the abaxial epidermis, of Merxmuellera stricta (Schrad.) Conert is described and illustrated. In this variable species four distinct anatomical “forms” are recognized viz. the typical  M. stricta form, the Cathedral Peak form, the Drakensberg form and the alpine form. The alpine and Cathedral Peak forms have recently been described as M. guillarmodiae Conert (1975). The degree of anatomical differentiation of these “forms” resembles the situation described in M. disticha (Nees) Conert (Ellis, 1980). Populations of both M. stricta and M. disticha from the Drakensberg mountains display extensive anatomical diversification which appears to be correlated with environmental factors. In addition, morphological differences are exhibited as well and the anatomical “forms” of M. stricta probably warrant taxonomic recognition.

Radiated seismic energy of earthquakes in the south–central region of the Gulf of California, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 990-1003
Author(s):  
Raúl R Castro ◽  
Antonio Mendoza-Camberos ◽  
Arturo Pérez-Vertti
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
The South ◽  
Radiated Seismic Energy ◽  
South Central

Defining and identifying crop landraces

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Carolina Camacho Villa ◽  
Nigel Maxted ◽  
Maria Scholten ◽  
Brian Ford-Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Landrace Diversity ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Historical Origin

Awareness of the need for biodiversity conservation is now universally accepted, but most often recent conservation activities have focused on wild species. Crop species and the diversity between and within them has significant socioeconomic as well as heritage value. The bulk of genetic diversity in domesticated species is located in traditional varieties maintained by traditional farming systems. These traditional varieties, commonly referred to as landraces, are severely threatened by genetic extinction primarily due to their replacement by modern genetically uniform varieties. The conservation of landrace diversity has been hindered in part by the lack of an accepted definition to define the entity universally recognized as landraces. Without a definition it would be impossible to prepare an inventory and without an inventory changes in landrace constituency could not be recognized over time. Therefore, based on a literature review, workshop discussion and interviews with key informants, common characteristics of landraces were identified, such as: historical origin, high genetic diversity, local genetic adaptation, recognizable identity, lack of formal genetic improvement, and whether associated with traditional farming systems. However, although these characteristics are commonly present they are not always all present for any individual landrace; several crop-specific exceptions were noted relating to crop propagation method (sexual or asexual), breeding system (self-fertilized or cross-fertilized species), length of formal crop improvement, seed management (selection or random propagation) and use. This paper discusses the characteristics that generally constitute a landrace, reviews the exceptions to these characteristics and provides a working definition of a landrace. The working definition proposed is as follows: ‘a landrace is a dynamic population(s) of a cultivated plant that has historical origin, distinct identity and lacks formal crop improvement, as well as often being genetically diverse, locally adapted and associated with traditional farming systems’.

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