scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil penetration resistance in the lowland area cultivated with soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Salis Brasil Neto ◽  
Alexandre Russini ◽  
Lúcio de Paula Amaral ◽  
Paulo Jorge de Pinho ◽  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Resistance To Penetration ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

ABSTRACT: This study determined the spatial variability of soil penetration resistance and yield of the soybean crop in lowland areas. The soil resistance to penetration at four different depths (0 to 0.10 m; 0.11 to 0.20 m; 0.21 to 0.30 m and 0.31 to 0.40 m), volumetric humidity of the soil at two depths (0 to 0.20 m and 0.21 to 0.40 m) and soybean yield were determined in an area of 1.13 hectares, using a sample mesh of 10 x 10 m. The corresponding data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Pearson’s simple linear correlation analysis (p≤0.05) was conducted and the spatial dependence was assessed by analyzing the isotropic semivariograms using spherical, exponential, linear, and Gaussian models. The results showed that the soil penetration resistance increased with depth, with restrictive values to root growth between 0.05 and 0.35 m. There was no correlation between yield and soil penetration resistance, and the semivariograms did not show a defined ascending region regarding the soil penetration resistance data. For the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, the sample 10 x 10 m mesh was suitable for assessing the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration in depths exceeding 0.10 m.

scholarly journals Amostral Optimization of Mechanical Resistance to the Penetration of a Yellow Oxisol Under Pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Pereira Machado Dias ◽  
Ésio de Castro Paes ◽  
Flávia de Jesus Nunes ◽  
Ana Carolina Rabelo Nonato ◽  
Neilon Duarte da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

The degradation of pastures can be characterized by several factors, mainly due to the management adopted, so in view of the country’s territorial extension and the peculiarity of each region and soil type, it is essential to develop research to improve the monitoring of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sample densities to establish a mesh that gives precision in maps of spatial variability of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration to pasture areas in the coastal tableland region of Northeast Brazil. In a pasture area, three sampling meshes were demarcated for georeferenced evaluation of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration: mesh 1 established in the dimensions of 50 × 50 m, mesh 2 of 100 × 100 m and mesh 3 of 150 × 150 m, totaling an area of 9 ha. The soil resistance to penetration was measured using an automated apparatus, coupled to a tractor. The variation found in the values of penetration resistance in subsurface can be related to the management adopted in the area, as well as the trampling of the animals. Data on soil penetration resistance in pasture showed that the most compacted zone was always below 30 cm depth by using different sample densities. The results allow us to conclude that the higher the density of the sampling mesh, the greater the accuracy of the data and that, independently of the sample mesh, it was possible to identify the layer of higher soil mechanical resistance to root penetration. 

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN NO TILLAGE SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge W. Cortez ◽  
Wéliton P. da S. Matos ◽  
Sálvio N. S. Arcoverde ◽  
Victor H. Cavassini ◽  
Igor Q. M. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

scholarly journals Modeling and correction of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wininton M. da Silva ◽  
Aloísio Bianchini ◽  
Cesar A. da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Resistance Value

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the behavior of models for adjusting data of soil penetration resistance for variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density. The study was carried out in Lucas do Rio Verde, MT, Brazil in a typic dystrophic red-yellow Latosol (Oxisol) containing 0.366 kg kg−1 of clay. Soil penetration resistance measurements were conducted in the soil moistures of 0.33 kg kg−1, 0.28 kg kg−1, 0.25 kg kg−1 and 0.22 kg kg−1. Soil penetration resistance behavior due to variations in soil moisture and soil bulk density was assessed by estimating the soil resistance values by non-linear models. There was an increase of the soil penetration resistance values as soil was losing moisture. For the same edaphic condition studied, small differences in the data of soil bulk density affect differently the response of soil resistance as a function of moisture. Both soil bulk density and soil moisture are essential attributes to explain the variations in soil penetration resistance in the field. The good representation of the critical soil bulk density curve as a limiting compression indicator requires the proper choice of the restrictive soil resistance value for each crop.

SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND TEMPERATURE IN AGRESTE PERNAMBUCO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. JIMENEZ ◽  
P. M. B. MENDES ◽  
A. A. A. MONTENEGRO ◽  
M. M. ROLIM ◽  
D. H. S. SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

scholarly journals Penetration resistance according to penetration rate, cone base size and different soil conditions

Bragantia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dias Valadão Junior ◽  
Aloísio Biachini ◽  
Franciele Caroline Assis Valadão ◽  
Rodrigo Pengo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Base Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of penetration rate and the size of the cone base on the resistance to penetration under different soil moistures and soil bulk density. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with the factors, soil bulk density of 1.0; 1.2; 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3, soil moisture at the evaluation of 0.16 and 0.22 kg kg-1, penetration rates of 0.166 and 30 mm s-1 and areas of the cone base of 10.98 and 129.28 mm² resulting in 32 treatments with 8 replicates. To ensure greater uniformity and similarity to field conditions, samples passed through cycles of wetting and drying. Only the interaction of the four factors was not significant. Resistance values varied with the density of the soil, regardless of moisture and penetration rate. Soil penetration resistance was influenced by the size of the cone base, with higher values for the smallest base independent of moisture and soil bulk density. The relationship between resistance to penetration and moisture is not always linear, once it is influenced by soil bulk density. Reduction in the area of the cone leads to an increase in the soil resistance to penetration.

scholarly journals Characterization of the soil compaction based on the mapping of the apparent electrical conductivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Eder Luís Sari ◽  
Zanandra Boff de Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Apparent Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Based on the measurement of soil penetration resistance (PR), it is possible to identify compacted soil layers, where root growth may be harmed, affecting crop development and yield. The objective of this work was to analyze the use of management zones (MZ), delimited on the basis of mapping of the spatial variability of the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), in the differentiation of soil compaction levels. The work was carried out in a 25.8-ha no-tillage area, cultivated under a center pivot. The ECa was measured under two soil moisture conditions (13.7 and 16.45%), using the Terram® equipment. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was measured using the SoloStar PLG5500 penetrograph. Based on the spatial variability ECa mapping, management zones (2, 3, and 4 zones) were delimited. The mean PR values ??of each MZ were compared by the t-test of means. It was possible to differentiate mean values ??of penetration resistance (PR), which vary from 0.9 to 2.10 MPa, from the characterization of management classes generated on the basis of the ECa spatial variability. The highest stratification of PR values ??was obtained as a function of sampling directed at delimited management zones when the soil had lower moisture content (13.7%). The highest mean PR values ??were obtained for the split of the ECa map into at least three classes. It was identified that for the study area there is no need to perform any mechanical decompaction operation.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA PEDOFORMA NA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO SOB CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR

Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira ◽  
Luis Fernando Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Very High

INFLUÊNCIA DA PEDOFORMA NA VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DE ALGUNS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO SOB CULTIVO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR[1]   Zigomar Menezes de Souza;  José Marques Júnior; Gener Tadeu Pereira; Luis Fernando MoreiraDepartamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP,  [email protected]  1 RESUMO  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade espacial da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, resistência do solo à penetração e teor de água de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob cultivo de cana de açúcar, utilizando-se métodos da estatística clássica, análises geoestatística e técnicas de interpolação de dados, com a finalidade de observar padrões de ocorrência destes atributos na paisagem. Foram feitas amostragens de solo nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2 m e 0,2-0,4 m, nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 10 m, perfazendo um total de 100 pontos. Os valores do coeficiente de variação para os dados apresentaram-se desde baixos (teor de água do solo), alto (resistência do solo à penetração) e muito alto (condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado). Observou-se a ocorrência de dependência espacial de todas as variáveis estudadas, com os maiores alcances na profundidade de 0,2-0,4 m. As variáveis condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e teor de água do solo apresentaram grau moderado de dependência espacial, a resistência à penetração teve forte grau de dependência espacial. Pequenas variações nas formas do relevo condicionam variabilidade diferenciada para atributos físicos do solo.  UNITERMOS: geoestatística, krigagem, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, resistência do solo à penetração.   SOUZA, Z. M. de; MARQUES JUNIOR, J.; PEREIRA, G. T.; MOREIRA, L. F. INFLUENCE OF THE LANDSCAPE IN THE SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND SOIL MOISTURE IN THE SUGAR CANE CROP  2 ABSTRACT     The objective of this work was to evaluate spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil resistance to penetration and soil moisture in an area where sugarcane was planted under conventional tillage, using classic statistical methods, geostatistical analyses and data interpolation techniques, to assess occurrence patterns of these characteristics in the landscape. Soil was sampled depths of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m, collected in intersections of a regular grid, with intervals of 10 m, in a total of 100 sampling points. Variation Coefficient (VC) were low for soil moisture, high soil for penetration resistance and very high for saturated hydraulic conductivity. All variables showed spatial dependence and the largest ones for depth of 0.2-0.4 m. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture presented moderate spatial dependence, soil penetration resistance showed strong spatial dependence. Small variations in the landscape forms can define different spatial variability found for the physical characteristics of the soil.  KEYWORDS: geostatistics, kriging, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil penetration resistance. 

scholarly journals Comparison of maps of spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration constructed with and without covariables using a spatial linear model

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda de Bastiani ◽  
Miguel A. Uribe-Opazo ◽  
Gustavo H. Dalposso
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The North ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Spatial Linear Model ◽  
Resistance To Penetration

A study about the spatial variability of data of soil resistance to penetration (RSP) was conducted at layers 0.0-0.1 m, 0.1-0.2 m and 0.2-0.3 m depth, using the statistical methods in univariate forms, i.e., using traditional geostatistics, forming thematic maps by ordinary kriging for each layer of the study. It was analyzed the RSP in layer 0.2-0.3 m depth through a spatial linear model (SLM), which considered the layers 0.0-0.1 m and 0.1-0.2 m in depth as covariable, obtaining an estimation model and a thematic map by universal kriging. The thematic maps of the RSP at layer 0.2-0.3 m depth, constructed by both methods, were compared using measures of accuracy obtained from the construction of the matrix of errors and confusion matrix. There are similarities between the thematic maps. All maps showed that the RSP is higher in the north region.

scholarly journals MACHINE TRAFFIC AND SOIL PENETRATION RESISTANCE IN GUAVA TREE ORCHARDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson José Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽  
Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽  
William Natale ◽  
Paulo André Fernandes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Sampling Grid ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT The study was conducted in irrigated commercial orchards of ‘Paluma’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ guavas, which were mapped with a Garmin GPS unit (Cx60). Sixty five sampling points were marked on a 21 x 21 m sampling grid. Gravimetric humidity and soil penetration resistance (SPR) were evaluated with the help of an automated penetrometer rod with a type 3 cone at a 45º angle (maximum SPR 15,100 kPa). Data with non-normal distribution were analyzed by geostatistics and interpolation by ordinary kriging. SPR values were higher where machine traffic occurs than on the lines where the crop is planted. There was spatial variability of the SPR among the layers evaluated, with the layer between 0.10-0.20 m, on the line of the machine traffic, presenting a higher SPR (>4000 kPa).

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