IMPACT OF Bambusa tuldoides MUNRO (POACEAE) ON FOREST REGENERATION

ABSTRACT Bamboo grove may cause changes in the structure and floristic composition of natural regeneration. This study evaluated the impact caused by Bambusa tuldoides Munro at natural regeneration, in riparian forest in Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil. Two areas were evaluated: riparian forest without bamboos (SB) as the reference area, and riparian forest dominated by Bambusa tuldoides (CB). In 2014, ten plots (10x10 m) were installed in each area. All individuals belonging to classes I (30≤ H <130 cm) and II (CBH≤5 cm) were measured and identified. Floristic composition, phytosociological indexes, Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness, Simpson dominance, Sorensen similarity, and cluster analysis by Twinspan were evaluated. Richness and absolute density decreased in CB compared to SB. The areas presented low floristic similarity, and high dominance of one or more species in both classes. Myrtaceae was the predominant botanic family in SB, especially Campomanesia xanthocarpa. In CB most species were secondary, as Myrsine umbellata, Cupania vernalis, and Ocotea puberula. Due to the large differences between SB and CB, the groups formed were restricted mostly to the species of each area. Species such as Myrsine umbellata (class I and II) and Strichnos brasiliensis (class II) appear as indicators and former of groups in CB. We concluded that high density of Bambusa tuldoides affect the richness and diversity of regeneration natural, changing the establishment and perpetuation of the species. Secondary species show greater potential for adaptation to these environments and can act as key species in management and recovery actions.

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How Bovine Livestock Affects Seed Rain in Subtropical Climate Forest

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n10p240 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Maureen de Moraes Stefanello ◽

Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽

Roselene Marostega Felker ◽

Matheus Degrandi Gazzola ◽

Betina Camargo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Seed Rain ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Management Regime ◽

Pampa Biome ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

History Of

Seed rainfall may be one of the mechanisms most impacted by livestock production in forest remnants. The trampling and cattle grazing alter dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the forest. The present work characterized the seed rainin forest remnants and the possible impacts of the presence and the management regime with different cattle stocks in the Pampa biome, southern region of Brazil. We compared three areas in Seasonal Forest remnants with a management history of 43 years: cattle exclusion area (A1); area with a cattle stock of 0.5 ua ha-1 (A2); and area with cattle stock of 1.0 ua ha-1 (A3). The seed rain was collected quarterly in 16 collectors (1 × 1 m²) per area for 24 months. The seeds were counted and identified according to external morphological characteristics, habit and dispersion syndrome. Shannon diversity index, submitted to the Hutcheson test, Pielou evenness, expected diversity and floristic similarity were determined. The results indicated that the impacts caused by livestock to seed rain were more significant in A3 where a quantitative reduction in the number of seeds was observed, probably due to the low number of plant individuals that make up the community.

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NATURAL REGENERATION STRATUM AS AN INDICATOR OF RESTORATION IN AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION FOR MINING LIMESTONE, MUNICIPALITY OF BARROSO, MG, BRAZIL

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/0100-67622016000200001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 189-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wanuza Helena Campos ◽

Sebastião Venâncio Martins

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Riparian Vegetation ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Restoration Process ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Management Actions

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in a forest under restoration process, which belongs to the company Holcim Brasil S/A, in the municipality of Barroso, state of Minas Gerais (21º00'to 22º00'S and 43º00' to 44º00'W), where 40 plots (2 x 2 m) were set, spaced at 10 m, forming eight strata parallel to the watercourse present in the area. Floristic composition and natural regeneration stratum were characterized, and the formed strata allowed evaluating whether the riparian vegetation and watercourse influence on the local regeneration. It was found 162 individuals of 13 families, 18 genera and 22 species, and 10,125 individuals/ha were estimated. Successional classes from pioneer and early secondary and zoochory dispersion syndrome prevailed among species and individuals. The watercourse and riparian vegetation did not exercise significant influence (p> 0.05) on the number of species and regenerating individuals among the different strata of the forest. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H') and equability of Pielou (J') were 2.691 and 0.870, respectively. The species Psidium guajava and Myrtaceae families presented the highest VI (value of importance). Natural regeneration analysis showed the low floristic diversity in the area, suggesting that corrective management actions should be adopted.

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ASPECTOS FLORÍSTICOS DE TRÊS ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS DE MATA CILIAR EM ARROIO DO PADRE, EXTREMO SUL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i2.27667 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Tiago Schuch Venzke ◽

Sebastião Venâncio Martins

Keyword(s):

Forest Restoration ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Regeneration Time ◽

Mature Forest ◽

Successional Stages ◽

South Of Brazil

O objetivo foi caracterizar a composição e as relações florísticas de estágios sucessionais de uma mata ciliar em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no Município de Arroio do Padre, extremo sul do Brasil. A área amostral foi 1,2 ha, dividida em 0,2 ha para capoeira (5 anos de regeneração), 0,5 ha para floresta secundária (45 anos de regeneração) e 0,5 ha de floresta madura. Em parcelas de 10 x 10 m, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com DAP ≥5 cm. A riqueza nos três estágios sucessionais revelou 72 espécies, distribuídas em 52 gêneros e 33 famílias. A capoeira apresentou menor número de táxons, enquanto na fase madura ocorreram maior quantidade (49) e riqueza de espécies exclusivas (20). A composição florística foi influenciada pelo estágio sucessional, e a classificação das parcelas pela análise de similaridade formou agrupamentos conforme a idade da regeneração. Isso reflete a adaptação da comunidade às condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo avanço da sucessão ecológica. Assim, recomenda-se que as estratégias de restauração florestal considerem as espécies adaptadas ao estágio sucessional, a fim de maximizar os projetos de reflorestamento e restauração ecológica.Palavras-chave: Pelotas; Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; sucessão florestal; ecologia florestal. AbstractFloristic composition of three successional stages of a riparian forest in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, very south of Brazil. This research aims to characterize composition and floristic relations of three successional stages of a Riparian Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest, in the municipality of Arroio do Padre, South of Brazil. The sample area was divided into 0.2 ha for ‘capoeira’ (five years of regeneration), 0.5 ha for secondary forest (45 years for regeneration), and 0.5 ha for mature forest (primary forest). Richness in the three succession stages included 72 species distributed into 52 genera and 33 families. ‘Capoeira’ presented lower quantity of taxa, whereas in the mature forest occurred greater number of species (49) and exclusive species (20). The floristic composition was influenced by successional stage and classification of plots by the similarity analysis clusters formed as the regeneration time. Differences in floristic composition reflect community adaptation to the conditions provided along succession. These variations reveal that the age of the succession reflects in forest floristic, and strategies for forest restoration should consider species adapted to successional stages in order to maximize native forests reforestation projects.Keywords: Municipality of Pelotas; Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest; forest ecology.

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Floristic and structural status of forests in permanent preservation areas of Moju river basin, Amazon region

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.04415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 912-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. C. Oliveira ◽

I. C. G. Vieira ◽

A. S. Almeida ◽

C. A. Silva Junior

Keyword(s):

Multidimensional Scaling ◽

River Basin ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Forest Types ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Floristic Patterns ◽

Middle Strata

Abstract The goal of this study is to analyze the floristic patterns and the structure of disturbed and undisturbed upland forests, in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) along the Moju river, in the Brazilian state of Pará. Trees with a diameter equal to or larger than 10cm at 1.30m from the ground (DBH) ≥10cm were analyzed for the upper stratum. For the middle stratum, individuals with DBH between 4.99 and 9.99cm were sampled. Forty-five families and 221 species were found in disturbed forests, and 43 families and 208 species in undisturbed forests. Floristic similarity was high between strata and between forest types, with values above 50%. Similarity was highest between middle strata. The most species-abundant families in undisturbed forests were Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Myrtaceae; the species with the highest density there were Eschweilera grandiflora, Licania sclerophylla and Zygia cauliflora. In disturbed forests, the dominant families were Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Lecythidaceae and Melastomataceae. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 3.21 for undisturbed forests and 2.85 for disturbed forests. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis did not group the forests by their floristic composition in both upper and middle strata. Overall, the PPA forests along the Moju river, even if disturbed, did not show major floristic changes but substantially change their structural characteristics.

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Does Altitude Effect on Species Composition and Diversity on Himalayan Rangeland?

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v1i0.25818 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Dilkumar Limbu ◽

Madan Koirala ◽

Zhanhuan Shang

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Altitudinal Gradient ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Altitude Effect ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

The Impact

Himalayan rangelands have diverse floristic composition and important ecological services. The floristic diversity and composition play an important role in grassland ecosystem regulation. It is different in altitudinal gradient due to grazing intensity, climatic condition and topography. To reveal the vegetation composition values, this work was conducted on August and September 2011 in Tinjure-Milke mountain ridge, Guphapokhari, Nepal. In the present study we have described the impact of altitude on the species richness, species diversity and dispersion behavior of different plants (grasses) in Himalayan rangeland. The values of community indices were observed to be: RD (0.09 to 49.57), RF (3.57 to 14.71), RA (0.23 to 47.59), IVI (3.89 to 111.87), Shannan-Wiener diversity index (1.09 to 2.23) and species diversity evenness (0.12 to 0.19) at the study area, MilkeJaljale, eastern Nepal. Similarly, Species richness (R) value of 8.87 to 11.86 and Simpson dominant index value of 0.12 to 0.42 were observed. All diversity indices were reversed to altitudinal gradient higher the altitudes lower the values. Species richness of all plants showed a unimodal relationship with altitude. Similarly, negative correlation of density and species richness with altitude and slope was recorded.

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STRUCTURE AND FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN A DENSE OMBROPHILOUS FOREST AREA UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.59264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 793

Author(s):

Yasmim Andrade Ramos ◽

Bruno Aurélio Campos Aguiar ◽

Marcos Vinicius Cardoso Silva ◽

Renata Elaine Siqueira Matos ◽

Maria Cristina Bueno Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Timber Production ◽

Floristic Diversity ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Floristic Similarity ◽

Breast Height ◽

Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Dense Ombrophilous Forest

This study shows the phytosociology and floristics of a Dense Ombrophilous Forest fragment under forest management in Portel city, Pará State. Six conglomerates were sampled, divided into secondary and tertiary plots totaling 120 sample units of 0.4 hectares each, in which all trees with diameter at breast height (130 cm above ground; DBH) above 10 cm were measured. These individuals were botanically identified, and evenness and floristic similarity were calculated. There were 3,586 individuals distributed in 42 families, 121 genera, and 174 species. Families Fabaceae, Lecythidaceae, and Sapotaceae were the ones that obtained the highest IVI and the highest representativity of individuals. Species Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A.Mori, Vouacapoua americana Aubl., and Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart were the ones with the highest IVI. Among the ten highest results, we highlight Syzygiopsis oppositifolia Ducke and Manilkara dardanoi Ducke, with great potential for timber production. The Shannon diversity index averaged 3.83 between the plots, and the Pielou evenness averaged 0.84, showing that the area presents high floristic diversity and great potential for forest management activities.

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The effect of exotic grass Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster (Poaceae) in the reduction of species richness and change of floristic composition of natural regeneration in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201620150121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 589-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

LEANDRO V. FERREIRA ◽

PIA PAROLIN ◽

DARLEY C.L. MATOS ◽

DENISE A. CUNHA ◽

PRISCILLA P. CHAVES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Biodiversity Loss ◽

Life Forms ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Exotic Grass ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT The introduction of exotic species is considered as one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. The National Forest of Carajás is one of the largest mineral provinces in the world. Mining activities caused changes of the natural habitats, leaving degraded areas after the mineral exploitation. One of the mining areas within FLONA Carajás was used for the extraction of gold. In the process of exploitation, a huge depression was formed by the removal of soil which was mounded up nearby. To prevent soil erosion of these mounds, an exotic grass, Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster (Poaceae) was planted. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of this non-native grass on species richness and species composition of the natural regeneration in the degraded areas. Four areas were compared, two with and two without presence of U. decumbens. In each area, twenty four 1m²/plots were established. Species richness of the regeneration areas and population sizes were significantly lower in the plots where the exotic grass was present. Our study shows that U. decumbens had a negative effect on species richness and population density, and its presence changed the species composition and distribution of life forms of the natural regeneration.

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Dynamics of Natural Regeneration: Implications for Landscape Restoration in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change ◽

10.3389/ffgc.2021.576908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandre Siminski ◽

Daisy Christiane Zambiazi ◽

Karine Louise dos Santos ◽

Alfredo Celso Fantini

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Forest Restoration ◽

Large Scale ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Basal Area ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Floristic Similarity

This study aimed to understand post-agricultural natural forest regeneration in the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest and its possible role as a cost-effective, passive approach to forest restoration. The study characterized vegetation structure, floristic composition, and the dynamics of secondary forest chronosequences. Data were collected from 159 plots (10 × 10 m each) across forest remnants in Santa Catarina State, covering forest ages that ranged from 2 to 60 years of regeneration after swidden agriculture. Only areas with no signs of degradation were sampled in order to provide a description of vegetation characteristics that could be used to identify and monitor natural regeneration. A total of 11,455 woody plants were identified and classified into 334 species representing 71 families. As the succession process unfolds, the continuous turnover of species makes forests more diverse and structurally complex. Floristic similarity among forest types is observed during the early stages of succession, but decreases over time. Pioneer species dominate young secondary forests, representing about 40% of the basal area up to 10 years of regeneration. Shade-tolerant species start colonizing the sites at early ages; however, they become more important structural elements only after 30 years of succession. The observed patterns of forest structure and species diversity largely conform to the post-agricultural succession seen in many tropical forests. The high species diversity found in this study highlights the importance of natural regeneration as a strategy to restore ecosystems. Floristic data can be used as a reference for choosing suitable species for active restoration, as well as contributing to the design of integrated restoration strategies. We herein reinforce the potential of natural regeneration as part of large-scale restoration programs, which would be particularly attractive to family farmers by the low cost of supplies and labor.

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Modelling natural regeneration of European beech in Saxony, Germany: identifying factors influencing the occurrence and density of regeneration

European Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10342-021-01377-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maximilian Axer ◽

Sven Martens ◽

Robert Schlicht ◽

Sven Wagner

Keyword(s):

Natural Regeneration ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

European Beech ◽

Seed Source ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Forest Conversion ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe potential utilisation of natural regeneration of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for forest conversion has received little attention to date. Ecological knowledge is necessary to understand and predict successful natural regeneration of beech. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of what drives the occurrence of beech regeneration and, once regeneration is present, what drives its density. In the study, we utilised a forest inventory dataset provided by Sachsenforst, the state forestry service of Saxony, Germany. The dataset was derived from 8725 permanent plots. Zero-altered negative binomial models (ZANB) with spatial random effects were used to analyse factors influencing occurrence and density simultaneously. The results provided by the spatial ZANB models revealed that the probability of the occurrence of beech regeneration is highly dependent on seed availability, i.e. dependent on source trees in close proximity to a plot. The probability of beech regeneration rises with the increasing diameter of a potential seed tree and decreases with increasing distance to the nearest potential seed source. The occurrence of regeneration is affected by overstorey composition and competition exerted by spruce regeneration. Where sites are affected by groundwater or temporary waterlogging, the impact on the occurrence of regeneration is negative. Although distance to the nearest potential seed source has an influence on occurrence, this variable exerts no influence on density. A high regeneration density arises in conjunction with a high beech basal area in the overstorey. Beech regeneration density, but not occurrence, is negatively affected by browsing intensity. These variables can be used to predict the occurrence and density of beech regeneration in space to a high level of precision. The established statistical tool can be used for decision-making when planning forest conversion using natural regeneration.

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Diversity metrics, species turnovers and nestedness of bird assemblages in a deep karst sinkhole

Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1163/22244662-06301009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 8-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Corrado Battisti ◽

Marco Giardini ◽

Francesca Marini ◽

Lorena Di Rocco ◽

Giuseppe Dodaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Random Distribution ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Species Turnover ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Bird Assemblages ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Stick Model ◽

Karst Sinkhole

We reported a study on breeding birds occurring inside an 80 m-deep karst sinkhole, with the characterization of the assemblages recorded along its semi-vertical slopes from the upper edge until the bottom. The internal sides of the sinkhole have been vertically subdivided in four belts about 20 m high. The highest belt (at the upper edge of the cenote) showed the highest values in mean number of bird detections, mean and normalized species richness, and Shannon diversity index. The averaged values of number of detections and species richness significantly differ among belts. Species turnover (Cody’s β-diversity) was maximum between the highest belts. Whittaker plots showed a marked difference among assemblages shaping from broken-stick model to geometric series, and explicited a spatial progressive stress with a disruption in evenness towards the deepest belts. Bird assemblages evidenced a nested subset structure with deeper belts containing successive subsets of the species occurring in the upper belts. We hypothesize that, at least during the daytime in breeding season, the observed non-random distribution of species along the vertical stratification is likely due to (i) the progressive simplification both of the floristic composition and vegetation structure, and (ii) the paucity of sunlight as resources from the upper edge to the inner side of the cenote.

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