Agronomic characteristics and macronutrient export of grain sorghum hybrids from different sowing dates

ABSTRACT Brazilian off-season cropping is increasing the production of cereals, particularly in the Brazilian savannah. Sorghum has been widely used for its grain production capacity and dry matter. Several hybrids are commercially available, each with its own peculiar nutrient absorption capacity. Thus, this study analyzed the agronomic characteristics and nutrient exportation in grain sorghum hybrids sown on different dates. The experiment was conducted at the Paulista Agency Regional Center of Agricultural Technology (APTA) in the city of Votuporanga, São Paulo. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications and 4 hybrids. Sorghum hybrids (50A10, 50A50, BUSTER and 1G282) were the different treatments sown on four different dates, beginning with February 26, 2013, with the other dates 17, 30 and 41 days after the first sowing (DAFS). Each sowing date was considered an individual experiment and, subsequently, grouped for analysis to compare characteristics. Macronutrient content in the grain, one thousand grain weight, productivity and exportation of macronutrients (kg ha-1) by grains in the area were evaluated. The productivity of the sorghum hybrids varied depending on the sowing dates. The one thousand grain mass of the sorghum hybrids varied depending on the sowing dates. The average exportation of macronutrients by sorghum grains is as follows, in decreasing order: N> K> P>Ca> Mg> S. The mean values of macronutrient accumulation needed to produce one ton of sorghum grains are as follows: 20.05 kg N, 3.33 kg P, 3.70 kg K, 3.49 kg Ca, 1.77 kg Mg, and 0.72 kg S.

Download Full-text

Effects of Sowing Date and Fungicide on Seedling Establishment of Pearl Millet Genotypes Infected with Downy Mildew Disease

BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35849/bjare2020030011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Sheriff H. H. ◽

Gurama A. U. ◽

Aliyu M. ◽

Ahmed A.

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Seedling Establishment ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Better Than ◽

Downy Mildew Disease

Downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet is a major limiting factor to the production of pearl millet globally. Therefore, a field trial was carried out during the 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons at Bauchi and Maiduguri located in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannah of Nigeria, respectively. The aim was to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates and a fungicide on seedlings establishment of three pearl millet genotypes infected with downy mildew disease. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with a factorial arrangement of treatments, which comprised three pearl millet genotypes (Gero, Maiwa, Dauro), three sowing dates (late-June, mid-July and late-July) and metalaxyl fungicide (treated and untreated). Results for genotypes consistently showed that Maiwa performed better than Gero and Dauro. In terms of the sowing date, the performance of millet was better in the first sowing date (late-June), followed by the second date (mid-July) and then the third date (late-July). Mean values of the seedling establishment were significantly decreased with delay in sowing date. Results, in respect of the fungicide treatments, generally indicated a higher seedling stands in the treated (78.6 - 87.4%) than untreated seed (70.9 - 81.1%) across the locations. These findings revealed that treated seeds with metalaxyl fungicide and early sowing give better seedling establishment in pearl millet.

Download Full-text

Effect of Sowing Dates, Phosphorous and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Phenological, Growth and Yield Aspects of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) in Hamelmalo Subzone, Eritrea

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2021/v43i730717 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Bahran Kinfe ◽

G. Sethumadhava Rao

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Total Yield ◽

Late Summer ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sowing Dates

The field experiment was conducted, in the fields of Hamelmalo Agricultural College, to evaluate the response of sowing-dates and PK (Phosphorous and Potassium) fertilizer levels on phenological aspects, yield and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L). The experiment was done through a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) where each treatment was replicated three times. The two factors were: sowing-dates which was composed of three sowing dates; namely, middle kiremti (end of July i.e., mid-summer), late kiremti (middle of August- late-summer) and early qewee (early September-early autumn) and P: K fertilizers which was composed of five rates (0kg/ha, 125 kg/ha (75:50), 150 kg/ha (90:60), 175 kg/ha (105:70) and 200 kg/ha (120:80). Results showed that, the highest significant mean values of leaf area (389.4cm2), leaf numbers (28.2) were recorded from middle kiremti sowing date coupled with 320kg/ha and 175kg/ha PK rates respectively. Besides this the highest significant values of both number of fruits (43.8) and total yield (15.26t/ha) were obtained from highest PK rate coupled with late kiremti and middle kiremti respectively. The sole effects of the PK rates as well as the sowing dates were found to be significant on all the parameters mentioned above including individual fruit weight. It is therefore the sowing during late kiremti coupled with application of 200kg/ha kg/ha was the best for getting the best economic returns.

Download Full-text

Estimating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars as a function of air temperature

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20151236 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 1737-1742

Author(s):

Josana Andreia Langner ◽

Nereu Augusto Streck ◽

Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽

Lia Rejane Silveira Reiniger ◽

Angelica Durigon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Developmental Rates ◽

Cardinal Temperatures ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Emergence Phase

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the maximum development rates for the phases of emergence, vegetative and reproductive, and to test the performance of the Wang and Engel (WE) model for simulating the development of landrace and improved maize cultivars sown on different dates. Model calibration was with data collected from a field experiment with a sowing date on December 13, 2014, and the model was tested with independent data from experiments with five sowing dates (August 20 and November 4, 2013, February 3 and August 15, 2014, and January 7, 2015) in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was a complete randomized block design with four replicates. The dates of emergence (EM), silking (R1), and physiological maturity (R6) of two landraces ('Cinquentinha' and 'Bico de ouro') and two improved maize cultivars ('BRS Planalto' and 'AS 1573PRO') were recorded. Maximum daily developmental rates varied among cultivars from 0.2400 to 0.3411 d-1 for the emergence phase, from 0.0213 to 0.0234 d-1 for the vegetative phase, and from 0.0254 to 0.0298 d-1 for the reproductive phase. The WE model adequately estimated the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars with a mean error of 3.7 days. The cardinal temperatures used in the WE model were appropriate to estimate the developmental stages of landraces and improved maize cultivars.

Download Full-text

Sowing date affects yield components of canarygrass seed

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-037 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. L. Bodega ◽

M. A. De Dios ◽

M. M. Pereyra Iraola

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Four Blocks ◽

Number Of Seeds

Canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.) crops are sown from June to mid-September in the southeastern area of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Sowing dates in this range result in different growing temperatures and photoperiods that affect the duration of developmental stages, biomass production, and seed yield and its components. For Argentina, there are no reported studies that address these effects. This study on the effects of sowing date was conducted during four growing seasons (1996–1999) at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologí a Agropecuaria (INTA) Experimental Station at Balcarce, Argentina, using a population provided by Dr. Jaime Lloveras, University of Leyda, Spain. Different seeding dates were chosen from June to mid-September. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four blocks. When the sowing date was delayed, total dry matter (DM) decreased. For early sowing dates seed yield was constant, but after 10 August it was reduced by 1.5% for each day of delay. Earlier sowing increased the duration of pre-anthesis development with greater uniformity in panicle size and the number of seeds. Seed yield was related lin early to the number of seeds and plant dry matter yield (DMY). The rate of progress from emergence to anthesis (1/days from emergence to anthesis) was proportional to the mean photoperiod. Under the environmental conditions in Balcarce, the accumulated required thermal units for anthesis was reduced when sowing was delayed from June to September. This reduction was related to the photoperiod and was estimated as –189.3 growing degree-days per hour of photoperiod increment. Key words: Canarygrass, seed yield, sowing date, yield components

Download Full-text

The Major Chemical Constituents of Teosinte Grown as Mono and Mixed Cropping with Legumes in different Sowing Date

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v7i1.36918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 44-53

Author(s):

Birendra Khanal ◽

Naba Raj Devkota ◽

Megh Raj Tiwari ◽

Neena Amatya Gorkhali

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Mean Values ◽

Average Value ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Main Plot ◽

Major Chemical

Teosinte (Euchlaena mexicana) is one of the most popular summer growing cereal fodder, yet with comparatively low level of chemical constituents. The quality of this fodder can be improved through better by cultivation management including sowing dates and mixed cropping with legume. The main objective of this study was to determine the forage quality as reflected by major chemical constituents of pure stands of teosinte and binary mixtures of teosinte with commonly available legumes under different dates of sowing. Four fodder combinations; teosinte mono crop, teosinte+ cowpea, tesosinte+ rice bean, and teosinte+ lablab bean was arranged to cultivate in three different date of sowing in the field in a Split Plot Design with 5 replications. Main plot treatments were different sowing dates and sub-plot treatments were combinations of fodder species. Dry herbage mass production, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and Ash were determined. The results showed that the significantly the highest Dry herbage and CP were obtained from fodder combination teosinte+ cowpea if sown at 18th April, whereas the significantly highest mean values of ADF and NDF were obtained for teosinte mono fodder crop. However, the lowest average value of ADF and NDF was obtained for fodder combination teosinte with cowpea. The average value of Ash and ADL of both harvest for fodder combination and date of sowing was statistically similar (p>0.05). The effect of treatments interaction/combination on cumulative dry herbage was statistically high (p<0.05) when teosinte+ cowpea was sown at 18th April. However, effect of treatments interaction/combination on average value of CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and Ash of both harvests (g/kg DM) was statistically similar (p>0.05). The results showed that mixture of teosinte with cowpea sown at 18th April could be the best combination in terms of quantity as well as for major chemical constituents that could reflect better quality of fodder harvest.

Download Full-text

Effect of selenium and zinc foliar application to increase the quantitative and qualitative yields of rapeseed at different sowing dates

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0783201 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. e428

Author(s):

A. Goharian ◽

A.H. Shirani Rad ◽

P. Moaveni ◽

H. Mozafari ◽

B. Sani

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Oil Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Pure Water ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Zinc Treatment ◽

Sowing Dates

The sowing date is an important factor for expanding the cultivated area of rapeseed and affects seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid compounds. Micronutrient elements play an important role in improving the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant, especially under conditions of biological and environmental stresses. A two-year experiment (2014-2016) was performed to study the response of rapeseed genotypes to foliar application of micronutrients on different sowing dates. The treatments were arranged as a factorial-split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Three sowing dates of 7 (well-timed sowing date), 17, and 27 (delayed sowing dates) October and two levels of foliar application with pure water (control), selenium (1.5%), zinc (1.5%), and selenium+zinc (1.5%) were factorial in the main plots and five genotypes of SW102, Ahmadi, GKH2624, GK-Gabriella, and Okapi were randomized in the subplots (a total of 30 treatments). Seed yield, oil yield and content, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were reduced when rapeseeds were cultivated on 17 and 27 October, while the contents in palmitic, linolenic, and erucic acids, and glucosinolate increased (p < 0.01). a selenium+zinc treatment improved seed yield, oil content and yield (p < 0.01). The oil quality increased due to increased contents of oleic and linoleic acids under the selenium+zinc treatment (p < 0.01). The GK-Gabriella and GKH2624 genotypes are recommended to be sown on well-timed (7 October) and delayed sowing dates (17 and 27 October) and treated with selenium+zinc due to the higher oil yield, linoleic and oleic acids.

Download Full-text

Analysis of self-fertilization and meiotic behavior of eleven Brazilian triticale cultivars at two sowing dates

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332011000200003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 114-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Divanilde Guerra ◽

Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽

Luiz Carlos Federizzi

Keyword(s):

Pollen Viability ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Meiotic Behavior ◽

Hexaploid Triticale ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Meiotic Analysis ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Self Fertilization

Eleven Brazilian hexaploid triticale cultivars (2n = 6x = 42), from three breeding programs, were evaluated for their ability of self-fertilization in 2006 and for meiotic behavior, meiotic index and pollen viability at two sowing dates in 2007. High potential of self-fertilization was observed, with values up to 89.52 %. Many irregularities were found in the meiotic analysis, such as the presence of univalents, laggard chromosomes and micronuclei in tetrads, which compromised both meiotic behavior and meiotic index. At the first sowing date, more suitable for normal plant development, overall mean values of 52.68 % for normal cells and 64.95 % for meiotic index were observed. At the second sowing date, less appropriate for the crop, overall means of 52.23 % for normal cells and 58.24 % for meiotic index were obtained. Despite all the irregularities, considerable pollen viability was observed, reaching overall means of 92.08 % and 91.07 % for the first and second sowing dates, respectively.

Download Full-text

Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilzation and planting dates on growth, flower yield and methoxalen conceration in Calendula officinalis L.

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2012.6.1.190 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

N. Kh. Abdl Alazez ◽

R. M. Moter ◽

A. Z. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Flower Yield ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Triple Super Phosphate ◽

Calendula Officinalis L

Study was conducted in Botanical Garden, Biology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, sowing dates were (1/10 / 2000) and ( 1/11/2000), three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50) Kg N/ ha. as urea (46% N) and three levels of Phosphorus fertilizer (0, 25, 50) kg p2O5/ ha. as triple super phosphate (48 - 52 )% P2O5 and their interactions upon growth, flower yield and methoxalen concentration of (Calendula officnialis L. Var lemon queen). All treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three repilications. Methoxalen was sperated and massuaard with HPLC. The results can be summarized: the first sowing date was significantly superior than the second sowing date in number of branches / leaf area dcm2, number of inflorescence/ plant, flower yield, fresh and dry weight and concentration of methoxalen. Nitrogen and phosphorus treatment were significantly increased in these parameters.

Download Full-text

Effect of sowing date and different intercropping patterns on yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-394 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Torkaman ◽

Bahram Mirshekari ◽

Farhad Farahvash ◽

Mehrdad Yarnia ◽

Ali Ashraf Jafari

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Planting Pattern ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Sowing Dates

In order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and planting pattern on yield and qualitative parameters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in intercropping, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications, in Hamedan, Iran, during 2014-15. The rapeseed seeds were sown on 21st September. Chickpea was sown on four sowing dates as the main factor (21 September, 10 October, 30 October and 20 November) with 20 days interval. The sub-factor was the planting pattern by replacement series including 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 chickpea-rapeseed mixtures, respectively. Based on the results obtained, among chickpea sowing dates, the first and the last dates had the lowest and highest above-ground biomass and grain yield, respectively. During the late sowing date of chickpea (20 November) the field temperature was colder than the earlier dates, and therefore the freezing temperatures did not allow the seeds to germinate. However, no damage happened to seedlings with the earlier sowing dates. The highest yield was observed in sole cropping for both crops. In contrast, the highest values of land equivalent ratio were obtained in intercropping system. The highest value for land equivalent ratio was calculated as 1.23 in intercropping of 50% chickpea + 50% rapeseed.

Download Full-text

Comparison of analyses types in carrot experiment: square lattice versus randomized blocks design

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620180212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 217-222

Author(s):

Agnaldo DF Carvalho ◽

Giovani O Silva

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Square Lattice ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Lattice Versus ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT The square lattice 4x4 design was compared to a randomized block design, for carrot F1 hybrids. Sixteen experimental carrot hybrids were evaluated in Brasília, in 2014/15 and 2015/16 agricultural years. A square lattice 4x4 design with three replications was used. The experimental plot consisted of 1.5 m2 useful area. The experimental area was installed on the second half of November 2014 and 2015. Cultural practices were the usually given to the carrot crop in Brazilian savannah region. The incidence of leaf blight was evaluated 90 days after sowing date and, after 100 days, roots were harvested and yield components evaluated. We evaluated the three possible analyses in lattice: 1) as randomized block design; 2) intrablock analysis with adjusted treatments and blocks within unadjusted repetitions; 3) analysis with recovery of interblock information with adjusted treatments. The analysis in lattice permitted to reduce the mean squares of error and coefficients of variation; moreover, these were more efficient than the randomized block design experiments for most evaluated characters. Thus, use of the analysis in lattice is preferred in experiments with carrot when evaluating large number of treatments.

Download Full-text