scholarly journals Influence of air pollution exposure on adolescents’ objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 2649-2658
Author(s):  
Jesús Viciana ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Maribel Parra-Saldías
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Out Of School Time ◽  
School Time ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Out Of School

Abstract Although regular physical activity is recommended for health, highly contaminated air exposure acts to the detriment of the benefits produced in individuals. The purpose of the present study was to compare the accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior during the whole day, in-school time, out-of-school time, and school breaks between highly contaminated air days and non-highly contaminated air days in Chilean adolescents. Nineteen adolescents from Santiago of Chile were assessed by a GT3X accelerometer. The vertical axis and steps per minute for the whole day, and both of these variables together with the percentage of time of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level in the out-of-school time period were higher in highly contaminated air days than in non-highly contaminated air days (p < 0.05; with effect sizes from r = 0.36 to r = 0.46). Results for sedentary behavior were similar in both conditions for every period of time analyzed. These results allow us to conclude the lack of awareness of the participants in this research regarding the health repercussions in relation to the physical activity performed during air pollution exposure. Some strategies in order to improve the Chilean adolescents’ physical activity and sedentary behavior are suggested and discussed.

scholarly journals Within and between-day differences in adolescents’ objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Jesús Viciana ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Maribel Parra-Saldías
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Out Of School Time ◽  
School Time ◽  
School Recess ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Out Of School

A decline in adolescents’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the increase in their sedentary behavior (SB) have been registered all over the world. In order to increase the MVPA and reduce the SB of adolescents, their day has been analyzed by segments of time, verifying the contribution of each to the daily recommendation of 60 minutes/day. Previous studies have been centered only in physical activity markers, but the SB variables were not compared nor the segments of the school-recess with the out-of-school period or with the weekend. This study aimed to examine the intra- and inter-days differences in the objectively measured levels of PA and SB in adolescents. A sample of 156 Chilean school students (87 boys and 69 girls; M age=13.41; SD=.67 years) participated in the present study. Participants’ PA and SB were objectively measured by a GT3X accelerometer. Overall results showed that only 14% and 9% of Chilean adolescents achieved the daily recommendation of 60 minutes of MVPA on weekdays and the weekend, respectively. School recess was found the best moment for developing MVPA, followed by out-of-school time, and ending with weekend days presenting the worst scenario. Regarding the SB, Chilean adolescents were involved in SB 69.39% of the time on weekdays, and over 70% during the weekend. Different strategies are discussed in order to increase the MVPA and to decrease SB in each segment of a day.

scholarly journals Health Impacts of Urban Bicycling in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2300
Author(s):  
David Rojas-Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Background: Bicycling has been associated with health benefits. Local and national authorities have been promoting bicycling as a tool to improve public health and the environment. Mexico is one of the largest Latin American countries, with high levels of sedentarism and non-communicable diseases. No previous studies have estimated the health impacts of Mexico’s national bicycling scenarios. Aim: Quantify the health impacts of Mexico urban bicycling scenarios. Methodology: Quantitative Health Impact Assessment, estimating health risks and benefits of bicycling scenarios in 51,718,756 adult urban inhabitants in Mexico (between 20 and 64 years old). Five bike scenarios were created based on current bike trends in Mexico. The number of premature deaths (increased or reduced) was estimated in relation to physical activity, road traffic fatalities, and air pollution. Input data were collected from national publicly available data sources from transport, environment, health and population reports, and surveys, in addition to scientific literature. Results: We estimated that nine premature deaths are prevented each year among urban populations in Mexico on the current car-bike substitution and trip levels (1% of bike trips), with an annual health economic benefit of US $1,897,920. If Mexico achieves similar trip levels to those reported in The Netherlands (27% of bike trips), 217 premature deaths could be saved annually, with an economic impact of US $45,760,960. In all bicycling scenarios assessed in Mexico, physical activity’s health benefits outweighed the health risks related to traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure. Conclusion: The study found that bicycling promotion in Mexico would provide important health benefits. The benefits of physical activity outweigh the risk from traffic fatalities and air pollution exposure in bicyclists. At the national level, Mexico could consider using sustainable transport policies as a tool to promote public health. Specifically, the support of active transportation through bicycling and urban design improvements could encourage physical activity and its health co-benefits.

System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glenn Weaver ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Collin Webster ◽  
Jennifer Huberty
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Afterschool Programs ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Child Physical Activity ◽  
Out Of School Time ◽  
School Time

Background:Frontline-staff are critical to achieving policies related to child physical activity and nutrition (PAaN) in out-of-school-time programs (OSTP). Recent policies call upon staff to demonstrate behaviors related to PAaN. Currently, no instrument exists to measure these behaviors. This study fills the gap between policy mandates and staff behaviors by describing the development of the System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN) in OSTP.Methods:SOSPAN items were aligned with existing OSTP policies. Reliability and validity data of SOSPAN were collected across 8 OSTP: 4 summer day camps and 4 afterschool programs. Validity of SOSPAN staff behaviors/management of PA was established using the percent of children active measured concurrently via direct observation.Results:A total of 6437 scans were performed. Interrater percent agreement ranged from 74%–99% across PAaN behaviors. Children’s activity was associated with staff facilitative behaviors/management, such as playing with the children and providing 2 or more activities for children to choose, while prohibitive behaviors/management, such as waiting in line were related to increased sedentary behavior. Staff nutrition behaviors were observed in less than 0.6% of scans.Conclusion:SOSPAN is a reliable and valid tool to assess staff behaviors/management of PAaN in OSTPs.

Parents’ perceptions of the importance and availability of nutrition and physical activity offerings in out‐of‐school time programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Economos ◽  
Heather Angstrom ◽  
Stephanie Anzman‐Frasca ◽  
Peter R. Dolan ◽  
Molly B. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Out Of School Time ◽  
School Time ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Out Of School

Promoting physical activity in out-of-school-time programs: We built the bridge—Can we walk over it?

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. S114-S116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Wiecha ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Natalie Colabianchi ◽  
Anne Ferree ◽  
Georgia Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Out Of School Time ◽  
School Time ◽  
Out Of School

scholarly journals Acute FeNO and Blood Pressure Responses to Air Pollution Exposure in Young Adults during Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9012
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kocot ◽  
Kamil Barański ◽  
Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny ◽  
Elwira Zajusz-Zubek ◽  
Małgorzata Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Exposure Trial ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
Outdoor Pm10

During physical exercise, the absorbed dose of air pollutants increases. Acute effects of exposure to air pollutants during exercise in healthy young adults remain poorly documented. The aim of this study was to assess the acute responses in fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood pressure to air pollution exposure during exercise in young adults with different physical activity levels (low or high). In this study, 76 healthy university students participating in physical activity classes (low level of physical activity) and attending sports training (high level of physical activity) completed two indoor exercise trials when air pollutant concentrations were high (exposure trial) and when the quality of the air was good (control trial). We monitored indoor particulate matter with diameter <10 µm and <2.5 µm (PM10 and PM2.5) and outdoor PM10, nitric oxides (NO2, NOx, NO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and FeNO were measured at baseline and after 45–60 min of physical activity. There were no significant differences between physiological responses to training performed under different exposure conditions in blood pressure, HR, and SpO2. Significant positive correlations between post-exercise ΔFeNO during exposure trials and ambient air pollutants were found. FeNO increase during the exposure trial was associated with a higher physical activity level and higher outdoor PM10 and NO2 concentrations. In young and healthy adults, some differences in physiological responses to physical activity between polluted and control environments could be observed. Participants with a high physical activity level were more likely to have an increase in FeNO after exercise in a polluted environment but not after the control exercise trials.

Air Pollution and Physical Activity (APPA): Air Pollution Exposure in Travel Modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Orjuela ◽  
George Northover ◽  
Shahram Heydari ◽  
Audrey de Nazelle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

scholarly journals Personal Exposure to Air Pollution for Various Modes of Transport in Auckland, New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Dirks ◽  
P. Sharma ◽  
J. A. Salmond ◽  
S. B. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Commute Time ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Pollution Exposure

This paper investigates the carbon monoxide (CO) doses received while commuting by different modes (car, bus, train, motorcycle, bicycle and running), taking into account the commute time as well as the level of physical activity required. While the participants were constrained to travel at specific peak traffic times and between designated start and end points, they were free to choose a route appropriate for their mode of transport. The results of this study suggest that the lowest exposures (concentrations of pollutants) are experienced by train commuters, largely a reflection of the routes being removed from any significant road traffic. Motorcyclists experienced significantly higher average concentrations as a result of high-concentration and very-short-duration peaks not seen in the traces of car and bus commuters travelling on the same road. Travel by bus along a dedicated busway was also found to be effective in reducing commuter air pollution exposure compared to travel by car on a congested stretch of motorway. The average concentrations to which cyclists and runners were exposed were found to be not significantly different for those travelling by car or bus (except when on dedicated pedestrian/cycleways). However, when the increased physical activity that is required is taken into account (leading to higher volumes of air breathed) along with the increased commuting time (especially in the case of runners), the air pollution doses (as estimated by the product of the concentration, commute time and breathing factor) were found to be significantly higher than for the motorised modes. The results suggest that separate pedestrian/cycleways go some way towards providing healthier options for cyclists and pedestrians.

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